foresite 
occurring with the tourmalin of the island of 
Elba. It resembles stilbite, and may perhaps 
be identical with it. 
foresketcb. (for'skech), . In art. a first or 
tentative sketch; a study. 
foresketchy (for'skech-i), a. [< foresketch + 
-y 1 .] Having the quality or appearance of a 
foresketch. W. W. Story. 
foreskin (for'skin), . The hood or fold of skin 
which covers the head of the penis; the pre- 
puce. 
foreslackt, . t. Seeforslack. 
foresleeye (for'slev), . [< ME. foresleve, for- 
sleve; < fore- 1 + sleeve.] 1. The part of a sleeve 
between the elbow and the wrist. 
In kirtel and kourteby and a knyf bi his syde, 
Of a freres frokke were the foi sleues. 
Piers Plowman (B), v. 80. 
2f. A sleeve or part of a sleeve of a different ma- 
terial or color from the body of the garment. 
In the reign of Henry VII. and later the foresleeves were 
separate and ornamental articles of dress, and were put 
ou or thrown off at pleasure. 
A doublet of yellow satin, and Iheforesleeves of it of cloth 
of gold. Quoted in Arclueologia, XXXVIII. 372. 
A pair of silken foresleeves to a sattln breastplate is gar- 
ment good enough. Machin, Dumb Knight (1608). 
foreslowt, Beeforslow. 
foresnafflet, v. t. To restrain or prohibit. 
Had not I foresnafled my mynde by votarye promise 
Not toe yoke in wedlock ? Stanihurst, vEneid, iv. 17. 
forespeak 1 (f6r-spek'),!'. t.; pret.forespoke (obs. 
forespake), pp. forespokea, ppr. forespeaking. 
[< fore- 1 + speak. In earlier use in the pp. 
forespoken, q. v.] 1. To fpresay : foretell or 
predict. [Obsolete or provincial.] 
My mother was half a witch ; never any thing that she 
forespake but came to pasa. 
Beau, and Ft., Honest Man's Fortune, iv. 1. 
2. To engage beforehand ; buy a thing before 
it is in the market ; bespeak : as, that calf is 
forespoken. [Scotch.] 
fbrespeak 2 t, v. t. Seeforspeak. 
forespeakert (for-spe'ker), . An introducer; 
one who or that which bespeaks entertainment 
for another. 
Wee must get him . . . gloues, scarfes, and fannes to 
bee sent for presents, which might be as it were fore- 
speaker* for his entertainment. 
Breton, Grimello's Fortunes, p. 10. 
forespeakingt (for-spe'king), n. [Verbal n. of 
forespeak, .] A foretelling ; a prediction; also, 
a preface. 
And yet wer there some in that assembly of people 
which did coniecte (because of the foresjjeaking of death) 
y* he had spoken of the tormente of the crosse. 
J. IfdaU, On John xii. 
forespeecht (for'spech), n. [< ME. forespecJie, 
< AS. forespcec, forespriec, a preface, < fore, 
fore, + spraic, speech: see /ore- 1 and speech.] 
A preface. 
forespeed (for-sped'), v. t.; pret. and pp. fore- 
sped, forespeeded, ppr. forespeeding . [< fore- 1 + 
speed.'] To outrun; outspeed. [Rare.] 
Eager at the sound, Columba 
In the way foresped the rest. Prof. Blackie. 
forespendt, v. t. See forspend. 
forespokent (for-spo'kn), p. a. [< ME. 'fore- 
spoken, < AS.forespecen,foresprecen,forsprecen, 
foresaid, < fore, for, before, + sprecen, pp. of 
sprecan, speak. Ct.forespeak 1 .'] Foretold; pre- 
dicted. 
forespurrer (for-sper'er), n. One who spurs or 
rides before. 
A day in April never came so sweet, 
To show how costly summer was at hand, 
As this forf-spurrer comes before his lord. 
Shak., M. of V., ii. 9. 
forest (for'est), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also 
forrest; < ME. forest, < OF. forest, F. forSt = 
Pr. forest, foresta = Sp. Pg. ftoresta (simulat- 
ing Sp. Pg. flor, flower) = It. foresta = MHG. 
vorest, forest, foreist (and prob. OHG. forst, 
MHG. forst, G. forst = Dan. forst- (in comp.), 
although some German writers patriotically at- 
tempt to connect this form with OHG. foraha. 
forha, MHG. vorJie, G. fohre = E. fir), < ML. 
foresta, forasta, t., forestum, forastitm, n., fo- 
restis and forestus, m., a forest, prop, a forest 
or space of ground over which the rights of the 
chase were reserved ; sometimes distinguished 
as an open wood, as opposed to parcus, an in- 
closed wood, a park (cf. fritli^ in both senses). 
ML. foresta also means a private fish-pond or 
fishing-place ; in both senses it appears to in- 
volve the notion of interdiction (as regards 
cultivation or common use); cf. ML. forestare, 
proscribe, put under ban, lit. put outside or 
2328 
apart ; ML. LL. foranticus, out of doors, pub- 
lic, ML. foresterius, strange, foreign, outside ; 
all < L. foris, foras, outside, out of doors : see 
foreign.] I. n. 1. A tract of land covered 
with trees ; a wood, usually one of considerable 
extent; a tract of woodland with or without 
inclosed intervals of open and uncultivated 
ground. 
Kttrickr Furesif is a feirforeste, 
lit it grows manie a semelie trie. 
Sony of the Outlaw Murray (Child's Ballads, VI. 2-2). 
This is the forest primeval. The murmuring pines and 
the hemlocks . . . 
.Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their 
bosoms. Longfellow, Evangeline, Prol. 
2. In Great Britain, a designation still retained 
for some large tracts of land or districts former- 
ly but not now covered with trees or constitut- 
ing royal forests (see below), especially such 
as have some of the distinctive characteristics 
or uses of wild or broken woodland, as the For- 
est of Dean in England or some of the deer-for- 
ests of Scotland. 
We have many forests in England without a stick of 
timber upon them. Wedgwood, Diet Eng. Etymology. 
3. In Eng. law, and formerly also in Scots law, 
a territory of woody grounds and pastures priv- 
ileged for wild beasts and fowls of chase and 
warren to rest and abide in, generally belong- 
ing to the sovereign, and set apart for his rec- 
reation, or granted by him to others, under 
special laws, and having officers specially ap- 
pointed to look after it; a hunting-preserve 
maintained at public expense for royal or aris- 
tocratic use : specifically called a royal forest. 
Such forests were once very numerous, and often of great 
extent ; but most of them have been disafforested, ami 
those still kept up are now chiefly used as public pleasure- 
grounds. 
Forests are waste grounds belonging to the king, replen- 
ished with all manner of chase or veuery ; which are under 
the king's protection, for the sake of his recreation and 
delight Blackstone, Com., I. viii. 
It may happen that the wastes of two or more manors 
adjoin, and sometimes the common, or moor, or what- 
ever it may be called, is a royal forest that is, a hunt- 
ing preserve created since the Conquest. The presence 
of trees, I need hardly say, is not required to make a 
forest in this sense. The great mark of it is the absence 
of enclosures. F. Pollock, Land Laws, p. 40. 
Charter of the Forest. See charter. Drift of the 
forest. See drift. Forest-bed group, in Eng. geol., a 
division of the so-called era*/ (which see). It is but a few 
feet in thickness, but is exposed for many miles along the 
coast of Norfolk. It contains a great variety of organic 
remains, among which are cones of trees, leaves of va* 
rious plants, land.shells, and bones of mammalia, birds, 
and reptiles. Ordinance Of the forest. See ordinance. 
Pure forest, a forest consisting wholly of one kind of 
trees: in contradistinction to a mixed forest, iu which the 
trees are of several kinds. Right Of forest, the right or 
franchise of keeping, for the purpose of venery and war- 
ren, all animals pursued in field sports in a certain territo- 
ry or precinct of woody ground and pasture. Submarine 
forest, a geological phrase applied to beds of impure peat, 
consisting of roots, stems, and branches of trees, etc., oc- 
cupying the sites on which they grew, but which by change 
of level are now submerged by the sea. Such submarine 
forests do not contain any trees that are not found grow- 
ing at the present time. They belong to the recent or 
Quaternary period, and occur above the boulder-clay. 
They have been traced for several miles along the mar- 
gins of the estuaries on the north and south shores of the 
county of Fife in Scotland. =Syn. Forest, Wood, Woods, 
Woodland, Grove, Chase, Park. Of some of these words the 
earlier and the later uses differ very much. Forest implies 
a large body of trees growing naturally, or the tract con- 
sidered as covered with trees. It formerly always im- 
plied the presence of animals of the chase. Wood or woods 
is like forest, except in being smaller. Woodland differs 
from woods in emphasizing the land or tract upon which 
the trees stand. A grove is a cluster of trees not suf- 
ficiently extensive to be called a wood. A chase is, in 
strictness, open woods of indefinite extent, especially set 
apart for hunting ; but the word survives as applied to 
places from which the animals have disappeared. A park 
is primarily an inclosure of considerable size ; the word is 
now often applied to a piece of land set apart for public 
recreation and more or less elaborately adapted by art to 
that end, as Regent's Park in London and Central Park 
in New York. 
He [William the Conqueror] ordered whole villages and 
towns to be swept away to make forests for the deer. Not 
satisfied with sixty-eight royal forest*, he laid waste an 
immense district to form another in Hampshire, called 
the New Forest. Dickens, Child's Hist. Eng., viii. 
Like the leaves of the forest, when summer is green, 
That host, with their banners, at sunset were seen. 
Byron, Destruction of Sennacherib. 
A terrace walk, and half a rood 
Of land, set out to plant a wood. 
Swift, tr. of Horace's Satires, vi. 
There is a pleasure in the pathless woods. 
Byron, Childe Harold, iv. 178. 
Over the woodlands brown and bare, . . . 
Silent, and soft, and slow 
Descends the snow. Longfellow, Snowflakes. 
A cops in which the Wood-nymphs shrove ; 
(No icood) it rather seems a grove. 
Shak., Cephalus and Procris (Poems, ed. 1640). 
forestall 
Thru rri'.^t the common into Darnley c/m.-v 
To show sir Arthur's deer. Tennyson, The Brook. 
You have fed upon my Beignories, 
Dispark'd my parks, nml fell'd my forest woods. 
Kluik.,R\c\\. II., iii. 1. 
II. a. Pertaining or relating to forests; syl- 
van : as, forest law. 
It will be found that a.\l forest anil game laws weiv in- 
troduced into Europe at the same time and by the same 
policy as gave birth to the feodal system. 
Blackstone, Com., II. \xvii. 
Forest court, devil, oak, etc. See the nouns. Forest 
law, the old English system of law (now obsolete in its 
must characteristic features) under which royal forests 
were preserved and extended. 
In the new forests were exercised the most horrid tyr- 
annies and oppressions under colour of forest lau: 
Blackstone.. 
It was with the utmost reluctance that the clergy ad- 
mitted the decision of the legate Hugo Pierleoni, that the 
king might arrest and punish clerical offenders against 
the/oret law. Stuobs, Const. Hist., 9 399. 
Forest liberties, a phrase sometimes used to designate 
grants by the crown tosubjects, conferring a right to the 
enjoyment of privileges in a royal forest or to afforest waste 
lands ; also the privilege so granted. 
forest (for'est), v. t. [= ML./orestart, convert 
into a forest; from the noun. Cf. afforest, dis- 
forest."] To cover with trees or wood ; affor- 
est. 
The Appalachian ranges . . . originally were densely 
forested from extreme north-east to extreme south-west. 
J. D. Whitney, Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 807. 
fore-staff (for'staf), . Same as cross-staff, 1. 
forestage (for'es-taj), . [< forest + -age.] In 
Eng. law : (a) A duty or tribute payable to the 
king's foresters. (6) An old service paid by for- 
esters to the king. 
forestal (for'es-tal), a. [Cf. ML. *forestalis, in 
neut. forestale, forest right ; as forest + -al.~\ 
Pertaining or relating to or derived from for- 
ests : as, forestal rights. 
What remains of the hereditary land and forestal reve- 
nue of the crown is now intrusted to certain officers called 
commissioners of woods, forests, and land revenues. 
Chambers, Cyc. Univ. Knowledge, XII. 589. 
forestall 1 (f6r-star),t>. t. [< ME./or*taen, fore- 
stall, < for-, fore-, + stall, a fixed place, a stall 
(in the market).] 1. To buy up, as merchan- 
dise, before it has reached the market or before 
market-hours, and hence by taking advantage 
of others in any way, with the intention of sell- 
ing again at an unduly increased price. 
That they forstalle no fyssh by the wey, ner none other 
vittelle comynge to the market of the cite. 
English Gilds (E. E. T. 8.), p. 396. 
Suffer not these rich men to buy up all, to iugross, and 
forestall, and with theirmonopoly to keep the market alone 
as please them. Sir '/'. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), I. 
2. In law, to obstruct or stop up, as a way ; in- 
tercept on the road. 
An ugly serpent, which forestall'd their way. 
Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xv. 47. 
3f. To diminish ; deprive by something preced- 
ing. 
This Counsel of the Lord Howard his Father followed ; 
and King James, perceiving what their Meaning was, 
thought it stood not with his Honour to be fore-stalled 
out of his own Realm. Baker, Chronicles, p. 260. 
May 
This night forestall him of the coming day. 
Shak., Cymbeline, iii. 6. 
4. To take or bring forth in advance of some- 
thing or somebody else ; hinder by preoccu- 
pation or prevention ; anticipate ; prevent or 
counteract beforehand. 
The reason that the Latin Tongue found not such En- 
tertainment in the Oriental Parts was that the Greek had 
fore-stalled her. Uowell, Letters, ii. 58. 
Whenever governments have undertaken to educate, it 
has been with the view of forestalling that spontaneous 
education which threatened their own supremacy. 
H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 373. 
To some extent they [certain histories] are attempts to 
forestall the opinion of posterity. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 59. 
In the eastern part of the north aisle, the imagination 
of Jonathan or Pantaleon has forestalled somewhat of the 
Dantesqne conception of the Inferno. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 331. 
To forestall the market, to take an undue advantage in 
trade, to the injury of a free market, by buying up the 
whole stock or a controlling share of some kind of mer- 
chandise, with the intention of selling it again for more 
than the just price ; or to dissuade persons from bringing 
their goods to that market, or to persuade them to en- 
hance the price when there. 
O, sir, have Iforstalled your honest market? 
B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, iv. 8. 
= Syn. To monopolize, engross, preoccupy. 
forestall 2 !, n. [< fore- 1 + stall, a place.] A 
footboard. 
A fellow stood . . . vpon the forestall of the carte drill- 
ing forth the oxen. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 95. 
