forty 
forty (for'ti), . and H. [Early mod. E. also 
fniirtij ; < ME. forti, fourty. foirrti, fnimrti, /<- 
i-rli, etc., tAS.feoirertig (= OS. Jiirnrti;/. fmr- 
tiy, fiortig = OFries. fiuicertich = D. veer//;/ = 
OHG. Jiorzuy, MHG. ricr~ic, G. rin::iy = Icel. 
fjorut'ni, fi itnij = ,Sw. fyrutio, fyrtio = Dan. 
fyrretyve, Jirti = Goth, fidvor tiajus = L. </</- 
ragiuta (> It. quaraxtit = Pg. quarenta = Sp. 
i-niirenta = F. quarante) = Gr. rtaaapaKuvra = 
Skt. i-luttriiriiifat), forty, (fedwer, E.four, etc., 
+ -</, E. -i!y, etc., of the same ult. origin as 
ten: see /owr and -fyl, and cf. t treaty, ili/iiy. 
etc.] I. a. Four times ten ; ten more than thir- 
ty, or one more than thirty-nine: a cardinal 
numeral. 
II. n.; pi. forties (-tiz). 1. The sum of four 
tens, or of thirty-nine and one. 2. A symbol 
representing this number, as 40, XL, or xl. 
The Forty, (a) A body of magistrates in ancient Attica 
for the trial of small causes in the rural denies. (6) The 
name (with qualifying terms) of two appellate civil tri- 
bunals anil a criminal court in the Venetian republic, 
(c) A collective designation of the members of the French 
Academy, forty in number. Also called the Forty 1m- 
mortals. The roaring forties, the notably room part 
of the North Atlantic crossed on the passage from Europe 
to the ports of North America between the 40th anil wnh 
degrees of north latitude. The term is also applied to the 
region between 40 and 50 south latitude in the South 
Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. 
The region of the "brave west winds," the roaring for- 
ties of sailors. Eitcyc. Brit., XVI. 146. 
forty-five (f6r'ti-flv'), n. A game of cards, 
played with a full pack, in which each trick 
counts five and the game is forty-five. Five 
cards (two and three or three and two) are dealt to each 
player, and the top card after dealing is turned as the 
trump. The ace of hearts is always a trump, ranking 
next below the knave of the trump-suit, which is itself 
second in rank, the five-spot being highest. The other 
cards have their normal value, except that in the black 
suits the lowest spot-card takes the trick when no face- 
card is played. Suit must be followed when a trump is led, 
but in other cases a player may trump if he chooses. A 
player taking all five tricks in one hand wins the game. 
forty-knot (for'ti-not), n. The Alternanthera 
Acltyrantha, a prostrate amarantaceous weed 
of warm countries. It is said to have diuretic 
properties. 
fortynet, . An obsolete form of fortune. 
forty-niner (for'ti-ni'ner), n. One of the ad- 
venturers, chiefly from the United States, who 
went to California in search of fortune soon 
after the discovery of gold there in 1848. The 
greater number of them arrived in 1849; hence 
the name. [Colloq., U. S.] 
forula (for'u-la), H.; pi. forulai (-le). [ML.: 
see forrel.~] A case of leather or similar mate- 
rial in which old manuscripts have been pre- 
served. 
The remarkable/onifa, or case of thick stamped leather, 
in which the "Book of Armagh," an Irish MS., supposed 
to be of the early part of the IXth century, has been pre- 
served. Archceol. Itiat. Jour., XIII. 178. 
forum (fo'rum), n. ; pi. forums or fora (-rumz, 
-ril). [< L. forum, a market-place, forum, akin 
to foris, foras, out of doors, foris, pi. fores, a 
door: see foreign and door.~\ 1. In Bom. an- 
tiq., the market-place of a city. It was the official 
center of the public and corporate life of the city, and 
2346 
sembly for the people. The wurd was originally applied 
1" an open space or area left before am edifice, and par- 
tirnlarly In-lore a tomb. In aurient Rome tile space left 
varaiit at the first agglomeration of the i -it y for the trans- 
artion of jmlirial and other public business was specifi- 
cally called the Forum, or Forum Konianum. Two other 
judicial forums were constructed by Julius Ctesar and 
Augustus, and all three were richly adorned with columns, 
statues, etc., divided by the rostra into a comitiiim or 
court and a place of public assembly, and surronndi d liy 
temples, porticos in which financial business was trans- 
acted, and other buildings. There were many forums ex- 
clusively for market purposes. Compare wjora. 
In yon field below, 
A thousand years of silenced factions sleep 
The Forum, where the immortal accents glow, 
And still the eloquent air breathes burns with Cicero! 
Byron, Childe Harold, iv. iii 
Hence 2. Atribunal; a court; any assembly 
empowered to hear and decide causes. 
He [Lord Camdenj was, however, fully more eminent in 
the senate than the/orum. Brouyham, Earl Canidcn. 
Law Of the forum, the rules of law prevailing within the 
jurisdiction of a particular court, as distinguished from the 
law in other jurisdictions. 
forwaket, v. t. [ME. "forwakien (in pp. ) ; < /or-l 
4- ii'iike.] To exhaust with waking; tire out 
with long watching. 
Forum of Pompeii. 
A, principal entrance ; B, a Corinthian temple ; C, the public prison 
( career publicity) ; D is supposed to have been a horre Mm, or public 
granary ; E, temple of Venus, the guardian goddess of the city : f 
basilica ; (J, H, I, the curia;, or civiFand commercial tribunals ; K a 
rectangular building which may have served the purpose of a shop for 
money-changers; L, a portico terminating in an apsis; M, temple of 
Mercury or Quirinus ; N, a building with a large semicircular tribune 
which probably constituted the residence of the priests called Aueus- 
tales. 
was usually surrounded by the chief public buildings, 
and often ornamented with statues and other works of 
art. Justice was administered in the forum or in build- 
ings opening upon it, and it was a normal place of as- 
He was forwept, he w 
Gower, Couf. Amant., II. 15. 
Wery, foncaked in her orisouus, 
Slepeth Custance. 
Chaucer, Man of Law s Tale, 1. 498. 
forwalkt, r. f. [ME.foncalken; </or-i + walk.] 
To weary with walking. 
Whanne thel theder come 
Al wery/or-iraM-ed, & wolde take here reste. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), I. 2235. 
forwandert, r. [ME. foncandrien; < for-1 + 
wander.] i. intmns. To wander till wearied. 
Thanne dismaied, I, left alle sool [sole, alone] 
Forwery./orira wired as a fool. 
Bam. of the Rose, 1. 3335. 
They far espide 
A weary wight foricandring by the way. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. vl. 34. 
II. trans. To weary with wandering ; cause 
to wander until weary. 
I was wery forwandred, and went me to reste. 
Piers Plowman (B), Prol., L 7. 
His armes, which he had vowed to disprofesse, 
She gathered up, and did at>out him dresse, 
And \\laforwaiutred steed unto him gott. 
Spenser, . O,., III. xi. 20. 
forward 1 (for'ward), o. [< ME. forirard, rarely 
foreword (in adv. forewardes), < AS. foreweard, 
rarely font-card, forward, fore, early, in front, 
< fore, fore, before, + -weard : see fore 1 and 
-ward. Ct.forward l ,adv.,tLTiAforeward l ,n.'] 1. 
Situated in the front or fore part; anterior; 
fore ; directed toward some point or position 
in advance from the starting-point: as, a/or- 
u-ard cabin in a ship ; the forward movement 
of an army. 
Four legs and two voices. ... His forward voice now 
is to speak well of his friend ; his backward voice is to 
utter foul speeches and to detract. Shak., Tempest, ii. 2. 
2. Being in a condition of advancement ; well 
advanced with respect to progress, attainment, 
development (as the season), growth (as vegeta- 
tion), or (rarely) position or rank: as, the build- 
ing is in a forward state ; he is forward in his 
studies ; a foncard crop. 
My good Camillo, 
She is as forward of her breeding as 
She is i' the rear of our birth. Shak., W. T., iv. 3 
[HeJ was well pleased to hear that our Catalogue of Eng- 
lish Manuscripts was so forward in the Press at Oxford. 
Lister, Journey to Paris, p. 119. 
Come tell me in plain Terms how forward he is with 
Araminta. Congreve, Old Batchelor, iii. 6. 
The Athenians, deserted by the other states, met his in- 
vading army, in which the exiled chief of that faction, Hip- 
pias, had & forward appointment. Brougham. 
3. Ready in action or disposition; prompt; 
earnest ; also, in a derogatory sense, over-con- 
fident; assuming; presumptuous; pert: as, to 
be forward in good works ; a forward chit. 
God grafte in vs the trewe knowledge of his woorde, with 
a forward will to folowe it. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 56. 
Many about the King were/orward for this Match, but 
the Lord Cromwell specially. Baker, Chronicles, p. 287. 
It were uncomely 
That we be found less forward for our prince 
Thau they are for their lady. 
Ford, Perkin Warbeck, ii. 3. 
You need not call me to any House of yours, for I am for- 
ward enough to come without calling. 
Howell, Letters, I. v. 17. 
Your cousin Sophy is a /co-word, impertinent gipsy. 
Sheridan, School for Scandal, iii. 1. 
Clara is of a cold temper, and would think this step of 
mine highly forward. NA.vMnu, The Duenna, i. 5. 
forwarding 
4f. Foremost. 
First tu\t\ forward she bigan to weepe. 
I'll, if, :;-,, Men haul's Tale. 1. 1)44. 
- Syn. 3. Willing, zealous; presiuniii'-r. presumptuous, 
Impertinent, 
forward 1 , forwards (t'or'wiird, -wardz), <//. 
[< ME. fonrni-ili; f/inc<ir/li'x. < AS. form-card, 
adv., forward (= D. rooncaarts = G. runciirtx), 
< furu-eurd, forward: toe forward 1 , a.] 1. To- 
ward a part, place, or point of time before or 
iu advance; onward: with reference either to 
motion or to position: opposed to backward. 
And fro tliis ./'.<v<m/</r.s nevere entred suche Filthe in 
that Place amonges hem, lie nevere schalle entre here 
aftre. MmuleciUt, Travels, p. 61. 
A great coyle there was to set him fonmrd. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 166. 
From this time/ortmrd I will be your Master. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 66. 
If a man will walk straight forward without turning to 
the right or the left, he must walk in a desert, and not in 
i 'heapside. 
Macaulay, Conversation between Cowley and Milton. 
2. With advancing steps ; with good progress. 
It is the nature of Qod's most bountiful disposition to 
build forward where his foundation is once laid. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v., App. 1. 
3. Toward the terminal point. 
It [Sequoia Reichenbachii] has indeed stiff, pointed 
leaves, lying forward, but they are arcuate, and the cones 
arc smaller. Daweon, Oeol. Hist, of Plants, p. 186. 
Drawn forward. See draw. To bring forward, go 
forward, set forward, etc. See the verbs. To put 
one's best foot forward. Sec foot. = Syn. Font-aid, On 
ward. Forward is toward what is or is imagined to be the 
front or the goal ; omrarrf is In the direction of advance. 
Generally they come to the game thing, but onward in- 
dicates a less definite aim : the traveler lost in the woods 
feels it to be necessary to go onward ; when he finds his 
way, he presses foni'tt rd. 
The mustering squadron, and the clattering car, 
Went pouring /urinmi with impetuous speed. 
Byron, Childe Harold, iii. 25. 
There is no death with Thee ! each plant and tree 
In living haste their stems push onward still. 
Jones Very, Poems, p. 53. 
forward 1 (for'ward), v. t. [(.forward^, a. and 
adv.] 1. To send forward; send toward the 
place of destination ; transmit : as, to forward 
a letter or despatches. 
All the drngeeg [sugar-plums] were forwarded by the 
ambassador's bag. 
Mrs. Gore, Mothers and Daughters, p. 259. 
2. To advance; help onward; promote; fur- 
ther; encourage: as, to forward the growth of 
a plant. 
The occasional propensity to this superstition [symbolic 
figures] was, without question, forwarded and encouraged 
by the priesthood. Warburton, Divine Legation, iv. 4. 
3. In bookbinding, to fit (a book) with back and 
covers, and prepare it for the finisher. =Syn. 1. 
To expedite, accelerate, despatch. 2. To further, pro- 
mote, foster, favor. 
forward a t, [WE. forward, forward, foreword, 
forewerd, < AS. foreweard, foreword, alsofore- 
wardt, agreement, contract (= D. voorwaarde, 
conditions, precontract), < fore, before, + 
weard, ward, keeping: see fore 1 and ward, n.] 
Agreement; covenant. 
To breke forward is not myn entente. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Man of Law's Tale, 1. 40. 
This forward to fulfill faithly thai swere, 
Vppoli solempne sacrifice, soche as thai vset. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 11447. 
forwarder (for'war-der), it. 1. One who for- 
wards or sends forward ; specifically, in the 
United States, one who ships or sends forward 
goods for others to their destination by the 
instrumentality of third persons; a forwarding 
merchant. Neither a consignor shipping goods nor a 
carrier while engaged iu transporting them is called a for- 
warder. The name is applied, strictly, to one who under- 
takes to see the goods of another put in the way of trans- 
portation, without himself incurring the liability of a car- 
rier to deliver. A carrier who undertakes to transport the 
goods only part of the way often becomes a forwarder in 
respect to the duty of delivering them to some proper car- 
rier to complete the transportation. 
2. One who forwards, promotes, advances, or 
furthers. 
Nor am I accessary, 
Part or party confederate, . . . forwarder, 
Principal or maintainer of this late theft. 
L. Barry, Bam Alley, v. 1. 
3. In bookbinding, a workman who, after re- 
ceiving the sewed book, puts on its back and 
covers, trims its edges, and fits it for the fin- 
isher. 
The ends of the cords are then drawn by the forwarder 
through holes pierced in the boards. lire, Diet., I. 424. 
forwarding (f6r'war-ding), n. [Verbal n. of 
forward*-, .] 1. The act or business of send- 
ing forward merchandise, etc. ; the business of 
a forwarder. See forwarder, 1. [U.S.] 2. In 
