forwarding 
bookbinding, the operations of putting on the 
covers and back, rounding the (jack, trimming 
the edges, adding bands, lining, and all other 
work, after the sewing of the sheets, that is 
needed to prepare the book for the finisher. 
forwarding (for' wiir-ding), /'. . [Ppr. of for- 
iciinl 1 ,!:] Advancing; promoting; expediting; 
sending forward Forwarding merchant, a mer- 
chant whoso business is to rrrrivi- and forward Broods for 
others. See mrn'iirdfi; L Forwarding note, a note in 
which a dwcriptlon of goods or of a. parcel is entered with 
the name and address of the consignee, and the name of 
the consignor, to be sent with the goods, etc , conveyed by 
a carrier. 
forwardly (for'ward-li), adv. 1. In a forward 
position; toward the anterior extremity; an- 
teriorly. 2. In a forward manner, (a) Eagerly ; 
promptly. 
After his return, however, he was so far from observing 
that caution which Plutarch speaks of, that he freely and 
forwardly resumed his former employment of pleading, 
f. Midiileton, Life of Cicero, I. 1. 
Christianity gives us these hopes, which reason forward- 
ly assumes and makes her own. 
Bp. Hurd, Works, VII. xxxiv. 
(6) With undue assurance ; impertinently. 
forwardness (for'ward-nes), n. [< forward + 
-ness.] 1. The condition of being forward or 
in advance; a state of advancement: as, the 
forwardness of spring; the forwardness of a 
scholar. 
The saying went that he [a friar] practiced with the 
Turk to have undone again all that was there in so good 
forwardness. Strype, Memorials, Edw. VI., an. 1552. 
So ! I am very glad my friend Puff's tragedy is in such 
forwardness. Sheridan, The Critic, i. 1. 
2. Cheerful readiness; promptness; eagerness; 
confidence. 
Having with his pow'r held out so long, 
Many adventure, with more forwardness, 
To yield him aid, and to support his wrong. 
Daniel, Civil Wars, iv. 
We made Master Jones our leader ; for we thought it 
best herein to gratify his kindness and forwardness. 
Mourt's Journal, in Appendix to New England's 
[Memorial, p. 349. 
3. Undue assurance; lack of becoming mod- 
esty: as, the forwardness of an ill-bred child. 
The forwardness that he shewed to celebrate his own 
merits'in all his publick speeches seems to justify their 
censures. C. ilidilleton, Life of Cicero, III. 12. 
= Syn. Promptitude, zeal; presumption; Willingness. 
Forwardness expresses more than imllinimess in that it 
implies promptitude and active desire, while willimjmxs 
has lost the sense implied in its derivation, and expresses 
rather a somewhat passive readiness. 
forwards, adv. See forward 1 . 
forwastet, * [Improp. forewaste; <. for-" 1 + 
waste.] To waste ; desolate. 
A company of clownish villains . . . both in face and 
apparel so forwasted that they seemed to bear a great con- 
formity with the savages. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, iii. 
Till that infernall feend with foule uprore 
Forwasted all their land, and them expeld. 
Spenser, F. Q.,I. i. 5. 
forwet, An obsolete variant of furrow. Chau- 
cer. 
forweant, " * [ME. forwenien, forwanien (= 
MLG. vorwenen = MHG. verwenen, G. verwohnen 
= Dan. forvanne) ; < for- 1 + wean, accustom : 
see wean.] To accustom to bad habits ; spoil 
by indulgence ; pamper. 
The unwise man and forwened child habbeth both on 
(one] lage [law]. Old Eny. Homilies (ed. Morris), II. 41. 
Thanue he charged chapmen to chasten her childeren : 
Late no wynnyuge liemforweny |var. forwamje] whil thei 
be gonge. Piers Plowman (B), v. 34. 
forweart, v. t.; pp. forworn. [< ME. forweren 
(pret.forwered, forwerd) ; <for- 1 + wear 1 .] To 
wear out; spend; waste. 
It were hir loth 
To weren ofte that ilke cloth ; 
And if it \vcreforwercd, she 
Wolde have ful gret necessite 
Of clothyng, er she bought hir newe. 
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 237. 
A silly man, in simple weeds forwonie. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. vi. 35. 
Though what ail'd me, I might not well as they 
Rake up some forworne tales that smother'd lay 
In chimney corners, smoak'd with winter fires, 
To read and rock asleep our drowsy sires? 
Bp. Hall, Satires, vi. 1. 
forwearyt, [< ME. forwerien; < for- 1 + 
weary 1 , v.] I. trans. To weary utterly; tire 
out. 
Thine armys shalt thou sprede abrode, 
As mail in werre were font-tried. 
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 2563. 
Give him more labour, and with streighter law, 
That he with worke may be fvrwearied. 
Spenser, F. Q., V. v. 50. 
II. intrans. To become wearied. 
Iforweary, [F.J je laise. Palsfinur. 
2347 
forwearyt, [ME. font-cry; < /or- 1 intensive 
+ icearg, a.] Excessively weary; exhausted 
with fatigue. 
Forteery of my labour al the day. 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 93. 
Prestly in a thicke place of that pris wode, 
Wi-l out from alle weyes for-wery thei hem rested. 
H'llliiiM <')' I'lili'i-ne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2443. 
forweept, r. [ME. forwcpen; < for- 1 + weep.] 
I. trans. To wet with tears ; exhaust with weep- 
ing. 
Rche,forweped and forwaked, 
Was wery. 
Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 1. 126. 
The quen was very forwept, and went to bedde. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), .1. 2868. 
II. intrans. To bleed, as a tree or plant. 
As vynes thutforwepe and turne away 
(from fruyte the Grekes wol the stok to tere. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 102. 
forwelkt, v. i. [ME. forwelken (= G. verwelken), 
wither, decay ; </or-i + wellfl."] To wither; de- 
cay; fade. 
A foule forwelked thynge was she, 
That whilom rounde and soft hadde be. 
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 361. 
forweptt. Past participle offorweep. 
forwhyt, conj. [ME. : see phrase for why, under 
for.] Because. Chaucer. 
forwitt, forwiteret, etc. See forewit, etc. 
forwitnert, *'. *' [</or-i + wither, v.] To wither 
away; shrivel. Danes. 
Her body small, forewither'd, and forespent, 
As is the stalk that summer's drought oppress'd. 
SackiriUe, Ind. to Mir. for Mags., at. 12. 
forwoundt, t. [M"E.forwounden,forwimden, < 
AS. forivundian (= MLG. vorwunden = G. ver- 
wunden), wound, (.for- + wundian, wound: see 
for- 1 and wound 1 .] To wound severely. 
Feble as aforwounded man. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 1830. 
forwrapt, > t. [ME. forwrappen; < for- 1 + 
wrap.] To wrap up or about ; muffle. 
Why artow al forurapped save thy face ? 
Chaucer, Pardoner's Tale, 1. 256. 
foryetet, *' *. A Middle English form of forget. 
foryetent. A Middle English form of the past 
participle of forget. 
foryevet, t'. A Middle English form of forgive. 
foryieldt, . t. [ME. foryelden, for^elden, for- 
3ielden,forgelden, < AS. forgildan, forgyldan (= 
D. vergelden = MLG. i-orgelden = G. vergelten = 
OD&n.forga?lde, remunerate, recompense), pay, 
repay, recompense, give, </or- + gildan, gyldan, 
pay, give, yield : see /or- 1 eaad yield.] To yield 
up; pay; repay; requite. 
The God above 
Foryelde yow. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 457. 
forzando, forzato (for-tsan'do, -tsa'to), a. [It., 
ppr. and pp. offorzare, force : see force 1 , v.] In 
music, forcible : noting a passage to be rendered 
with force or loudness. Also sforzando. Ab- 
breviated fz. 
foss 1 (fos), n. Same as force 3 . [Prov. Eng.] 
foss 2 , fosse (fos), n. [= MLG. fosse, canal, 
sound, < F. fosse = Sp.fosa,foso = Pg. It. fossa, 
fosso, a ditch, < L. fossa, a ditch, trench, foss, 
< fossa, fern, offossus, pp. offodere, dig.] 1. A 
ditch; a canal; a stream or river artificially 
made or enlarged. 
And a none we left all the Poo, and toke ower course by 
a lytyll Ryver that cometh to the [same, called the fosse, 
made and cutte owte by hande. 
Torkinyton, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 6. 
A Carak of Genoa . . . passed before the port of Rhodes, 
. . . and rid at anker at the Fosse, 7. or 8. miles from the 
towne. llakluyt's Voyages, II. 76. 
Specifically 2. Infort., a hollow place, ditch, 
or moat, commonly full of water, lying between 
the scarp and the counterscarp below the ram- 
part, and turning round a fortified place or a 
post that is to be defended. See cut under 
castle. 
Shall I shut up myself in some strong castle or tower? 
. . . the fire will pass the fosses, consume the bulwarks. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 374. 
Fierce Rodomont escapes, and as he flies, 
High bounding o'er the fosse that yawns below, 
Lights on th' interior ramparts of the foe. 
Ildble, tr. of Orlando Furioso, xv. 
3. In anat., same as fossa 1 . Advance-foss. See 
advance, n., 6. 
fossa 1 (fos'a), re. ; pi. fossa; (-e). [L., a ditch 
or trench : see/os**.] 1. In anat., a foss, pit, 
depression, or hollow of some kind in any 
structure, specified by a qualifying term. 2. 
In gool., a deep pit or depression in the hard 
integument of an animal, often opening into 
the interior cavity of the body and serving for 
fossa 
the point of attachment of an organ: as, the 
antenuary fossa of an insect Anconeal fossa 
of the humerus. see anmteni. -Anterior palatine 
fossa. Same as anterior palatine canal (a). See caiiall. 
Anthelicine fossa, the depression between the branches 
of the antihelix; the fossa triangularis. Canine fossa- 
See canine. Cerebellar fossa, the posterior cerebral fos- 
sa. Cerebral fossa, one of three depressions, anterior, 
middle, and posterior, on c:u:h Hide of the floor of the cra- 
nial cavity, lodging respectively the frontal and temporal 
lobes of the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Conarlal, 
coronoid, cotylold, digastric, digital, etc. , fossa. > 
the adjectives. Condyloid fossa, a depression In-hind 
the occipital condyle on either side, sometimes perforated 
at its bottom by a foramen which transmits a vein to the 
lateral sinus. Fossa cterulea, the shallow groove ex- 
tending forward from the superior fovea of the medulla 
oblongata, ordinarily known as the locus cceruleus. Fos- 
sa ductus venosi, the posterior part of the longitudinal 
ttssure of the liver, where the ductus venosus lies, usually 
called/ssHre of the ductus venosux. Fossa innominata, 
the nameless fossa. See scaphoid fossa (i). Fossa na- 
vlculariB, the navicular fossa, (a) A recess in the urethra, 
near the urinary meatus, where the caliber of the tube is 
enlarged, (b) A depressed space between the posterior com- 
missure of the vulva and the f ourchette. Fossa of the 
gall-bladder, the depression on the under surface of the 
liver in which the gall-bladder lies. Fossa Of the helix, 
a narrow groove in the external ear, between the helix 
and the antihelix. Also called scaphoid fossa, fossa innomi- 
uata. See earl. Fossa of the vena cava, the fissure 
in the liver in which the vena cava lies. Fossa ovalis. 
the oval fossa, a depression on the left wall of the right 
auricle of the heart. It is the remains of the fetal fora- 
men ovale between the auricles. Also called fovea ovalis. 
Fossa rhombOldalis, the fourth ventricle of the brain. 
Fossa sigmoidea, the groove on the internal surface 
of tile mastoid portion of the temporal bone lodging the 
lateral sinus.-Fossa triangularis, tlle ' 08sa of the an- 
tihelix of the ear. See second cut under carl. Glenold 
fossa, one of two shallow fossa? : (n) The surface by which 
the scapula articulates with the humerus. (6) The surface 
by which the temporal bone articulates with the lower 
jaw : improperly extended in human anatomy to include 
the whole of the smooth surface of the vaginal process be- 
hind the Glaserian flssure, in relation with the parotid 
gland, and notconcerned in the temporomaxillary articu- 
lation. See cut under skutt. Guttural fossa, that part 
of the base of the skull lying between the posterior border 
of the horizontal plate of the palate-bone and the anterior 
border of the foramen magnum. Iliac fossa, the gener- 
al inner surface of the iliac bone, occupied by the iliacus 
muscle. See cut under innominate. Incisive fossa, a 
little depression on the surface of the upper jaw-bone 
just above the sockets of the incisor teeth. Inftaspi- 
nous fossa, the surface of the dorsum of the scapula l>e- 
low the spine, occupied by the iiifraspinatus muscle. See 
cut under scapula. Ischiorectal fossa, a deep pit in 
the perineum, on each side of the lower end of the rectum, 
between that and the tuberosity of the ischiuni, of trian- 
gular-pyramidal form, its base directed to the integument 
of the parts, its apex corresponding to the divergence of the 
levator ani from the obturator muscle. It is bounded in- 
ternally by the sphincter and levator ani and cot-cygeus 
muscles, and externally by the isc-hium and obturator mus- 
cle, behind by the edge of the glutens maximns and great 
sacrosciatic ligament, and is tilled with a mass of adipose 
connective tissue, the frequent site of abscesses. Jugu- 
lar fossa, a pit on the temporal bone, entering into the 
formation of the posterior lacerate foramen of the skull, 
in special relation with the beginning of the jugular vein, 
at the confluence of the lateral and inferior petrosiil si- 
nuses. Lacry mal fossa, a small depression in the orbital 
part of the frontal bone, lodging the lacrymal gland. 
Myrtiform fossa. Same as incisive fossa. Nasal fos- 
sae, the two cavities which constitute the internal part 
of the nose. They are the seat of smell, and they aid also 
in respiration and phonation. See cut under nasal. 
Occipital fossse, two pairs, upper and lower, of depres- 
sions on the inner surface of the occipital bone, the up- 
per lodging the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, the lower 
lodging the cerebellum, the latter being the same as the 
posterior cerebral or cerebellar fossa. The two pairs are 
separated horizontally at the plane of the tentorinm by 
the ridges and groove for the lateral sinus, the right and 
left fossre being separated vertically by the line of the 
falx cerebri and falx ccrebelli ; at the junction of the four 
fossae is the internal occipital protuberance. Olecra- 
noid fossa, a deep pit at the back of the lower end of 
the humerus, receiving the olecranon when the forearm is 
extended. Palatine fossae. Same as palatine foram- 
ina (which see, under foramen). Pituitary fossa, a pit 
on the top of the body of the sphenoid bone, receiving the 
pituitary body. Called in human anatomy the sella tur- 
cica or Turtcish saddle, and bounded by four prominent 
clinoid processes. It is the most important landmark 
of the skull, indicating the site of the trabecula; cranii 
of the embryo, the forward limit of the notochord, and 
thus the boundary between the vertebral and the everte- 
bral divisions of the cranium ; in the early embryo it is 
a perforation. See cut under skull. Pterygoid fossa 
the depressed interval between the diverging internal 
and external pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone, 
filled in by the internal pterygoid muscle. See cut under 
skull Scaphoid fossa, (n) A slight special depression 
of the general pterygoid fossa, whence arises the tensor 
palati muscle. (6) The innominate fossa of the outer 
ear; the groove between the helix and the antihelix; 
the fossa of the helix. See second cut under enri. Sig- 
inoid fossa, a curved groove on the inner surface of the 
mastoid bone for the lateral venous sinus. Spheno- 
. 
maxillary fossa, a small triangular recess on the outer 
surface of the cranium, below the apex of the orbit, 
where the sphenoid, sphenomaxillary, and pterygomax- 
illary fissures converge, bounded by parts of the sphe- 
noid, superior maxillary, and palate bones, lodging the 
sphenopalatine or Meckelian ganglion, communicating 
with the orbital, nasal, zygomatic, and cerebral cavities, 
and having opening into it the foramen rotnndum, the 
vidian, pterygopalatine, sphenopalatine, posterior pala- 
tine, and other foramina. Submaxillary fossa, a pit on 
the inner surface of the lower jaw-bone, where rests the 
