foully 
foully (foul'li), nilr. [< ME. foiillieltr, fulliche, 
< AS./H/,jre, foully, <fiillic, a'., foul, <.//, foul, 
+ -lie, -Iy 2 .] In a foul manner; filthily; nas- 
tily; hatefully: scandalously; disgracefully ; 
shamefully; unfairly; dishonestly. 
Her swollen eyes were much disfigured, 
And her faire filer \\itli teares \va.s h>fl>/ blubbered. 
Spenser, F. (J., II. i. 13. 
Thou play'dst must fnnlli/ for 't. 
Milk., Macbeth, iii. 1. 
foulmart, foumart (f'oul'iniirt; in second form 
(Sc.), t'ou'miirt), 11. [Formerly also fulmurt, 
fi/lmnr. foirmart, fnniiirt, fonmard; < ME../W- 
miirt, fulmiml, fulmerd, folmard, fulmere, a 
polecat, (. foul, ful, foul, + marte, a marten, 
partly < AS. inearth, a marten, and partly < 
OF. iiiiirlrr, ntiii'ti; ;i marten: seewte.] An 
old name of the fitchew or polecat, Ptitorins 
riilijurix; literally, foul or stijiking marten : so 
called from its offensive odor. See polecat. 
It is ordanit . . . that he pay ... for x Fomnnrtis 
skinnis callit Fitho\vis, xd. Acts Jos. /., 1424. 
In the night time . . . foxes and fonmardet, with all 
other vermine, and noysome beastes, use most styrringe. 
Ascham, Toxuphilus. 
In the second class [of beasts of the chase] are placed 
the fulimnrt, the Ii tchat or fitch, &c., and these are said to 
be heasts of stinking flight. 
2351 
Nothing is in, ,IT shameful for a man than to/mm./ his 
title to esteem not on his OHM merits, hut on the fame of 
liis ancestors. ,vi/, ,/.'/. orations, I. e. 
2. To take the first steps or measures in erect- 
ing or building up; begin to raise; make a be- 
ginning of; originate by active means: as, to 
found a city or an empire. 
founder 
At Trinity the Srbolar- aixl sj/ai-s have a ri-lit to remain 
in residence jiutu much u the Fdlous themselves, beina 
equally "on tiMfnatdatton." 
C. A. AY.'.--/,./, English I nhersity, p. 106. 
And it was one of the tlrste Cvtie< of the \vorlde fmn "'-' 
by Japheth, Noes acme, ami beryth yet his name. 
,v.Y /;. <ini/h',,fiif. I'ylgrymage, p. 1. 
Most of the buildings arc foumleil like to these of the 
Venetian houses. Cori/at, Crudities, I. 208. 
3. To make provision for the establishment of; 
originate by gift, grant, or endowment: as, to 
found an institution or a professorship by be- 
quest. 
He (King Edward the Confessor] founded also the Col- 
ledge of St. Mary Ottery in Devonshire, and gave unto it 
the Village of Ottery. Baker, Chronicles, p. 19. 
A prince should /bund hospitals, the noble and rich may 
diffuse their ample charities. Steele, Guardian, No. 1T4. 
II. intrans. To base one's opinion; rely: 
followed by on or upon : as, I found upon the 
evidence of my senses. 
It [theology] founds thus necessarily on faith equally 
with religion. Princeton Rev., Sept., 1879, p. 815. 
found 3 (found), t: t. [< OF.fondre, F. fnntlre 
= Pr. fondre = Sp. Pg. fundir = It. fbnderc, 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 14. * " 'X" a*./"* 1 """ *" ./wn-w//^ 
foul-mouthed (foul'moutht), . Using scurril- ' ^ r cast, as metals, < L./rfere pp. /M S , 
ous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane language ; P U , r ' CaSt A meta ^ (see , f llse ^> / *** =1 Got ^ 
given to abusive or filthy speech. ^ te " = AS - ? e<)tM ' e * e -' P, ur , ( se 0f , fft), 
akm to Gr. x"^, pour (see chi/le, chyme 1 , etc.). 
Hence ult. (from L. fundere) E. font* = fount?, 
fusel, fusion, etc., affuse, effuse, infuse, perfuse, 
profuse, etc.] To cast; form into shape by 
casting in a mold, as metal or a metallic article. 
Wilt thou ever be afoul-mouth 'd and calumnious knave? 
Shu*., All's Well, i. 3. 
Have never been foul-mouth'd against thy law. 
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 
foulness (foul'nes), n. [< ME. foulnesse, < AS. 
fulnes (= OFries. fulnisse = T>. vuilnis = MLG. 
vulnisse = OHG. fulnitssi, G. faulniss), < ful, foul, 
+ -ties, -ness.] 1. The quality or state of be- 
ing foul or filthy ; impurity ; filthiness ; defile- 
ment; pollution; corruption : as, the foulness of 
a cellar or of a well ; the foulness of a musket ; 
the foulness of a ship's bottom. 
this foul new must be purged, 
Or thy disease will rankle to a pestilence. 
Ford, Fancies, iv. 1. 
2f. Ugliness; deformity. 
He's fallen In love with your .foulness, and she'll fall in 
love with my anger. Shak., As you Like it, iii. 5. 
The foulness of th' infernal form to hide. 
Dryden, JSneid. 
3. Unfairness; dishonesty; atrociousness ; vil- 
lainy; treachery; abusiveness; scurrility: as, 
the foulness of a blow or a scheme ; the foulness 
of a slander or crime. 
The duke nor the constable wolde nat departe thens 
tyll they had ye castell at their wyll, outher with favr- 
nesse otfoulnesse. 
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. cccxxi. 
Those aspersions were rais'cl from the foulness of his 
own actions. Milton, Eikonoklaates, xv. 
Through the pageants of a patriot's name 
They pierc'd the foulness of thy secret aim. 
Akenside, Epistle to Curio. 
Bag of foulness. See 60171. 
foul-spoken (foul'spo"kn), a. Using scurril- 
ous, slanderous, profane, or obscene language ; 
foul-mouthed. 
Foul-spoken coward, that thund'rest with thy tongue, 
And with thy weapon nothing dar'st perform. 
Shak., Tit. And., ii. 1. 
foul-tongued (f oul ' tungd), a. Foul-spoken; 
foul-mouthed. 
They curse him. They are very foul-tongued. 
Livingstone, Missionary Travels and Researches, p. 269. 
foumart, n. See foulmart. 
found 1 (found). Preterit and past participle 
otfind. 
found 2 (found), r. [< ME. founden, < OF. fon- 
der, F. fonder = Pr. fondar = Sp. Pg. fundar = 
It.fondare = MD. fondereu = MLG. funderen = 
MHG. funden, fundieren, G. fundier'en = Dan. 
fundere = Sw. fundera (Teut. forms partly after 
F.), < L,. fundare, lay the bottom, keel, foun- 
dation of a thing, found, establish, <.fundus, bot- 
tom, base, foundation, akin to E. bottom: see 
fund*- and bottom.'] I. trans. 1. To lay the 
basis of ; fix, set, or place, as on something solid ; 
ground ; base ; establish on a basis, physical or 
moral. 
And thou Lord in the begynnyng/otmdidw* the erthe, 
and heuenes ben werkis of thin hondis. 
Wiiclif, Heb. i. (Oxf.). 
Thou, I/raels King, seme the great King of All, 
And only on his Conducts pedestal! 
Found thine Affaires. 
Sylvester, tr. of Dn Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. 
The man who first saw that it was possible to found an 
European empire on the ruins of the Mogul monarchy was 
Dupleix. Maraidai/. Lord Clive. 
A fellow founded out of charity, 
led to the f - 
Curb the free hand tl 
And moulded to the height, contemn his maker, 
id that fram'd him ! this must i 
Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iv. i. 
A second multitude 
With wondrous su-t founded the massy ore. 
Severing each kind, and scumm'd the bullion dross. 
Milton, P. L., i. 703. 
found 3 (found), n. [< founds, v.] The operation 
of casting metal, etc. ; the melting of metal or 
of the materials for glass, etc. 
The first operation is to heat up the pots thoroughly, 
before filling them. This occupies from two to four hours, 
and on it depends in a great measure the success of the 
subsequent melting or found. Glass-making, p. 120. 
found 4 (found), n. [Origin obscure.] A three- 
sided, single-cut file, used in making combs. 
found 5 t, v. i. [ME. founden, funden, < AS. 
fitndian, hasten, < findan, pp.fundeii, find: see 
find.'] To hasten; go (to get or seek some- 
thing); strive. 
found (found), v. t. A dialectal variant of 
fod2, fa,,dV. 
foundation (foun-da'shqn), H. [< ME. foun- 
dacioun, fundacioun, < OF. fondation, F.fonda- 
tion = Pr. fundacio, fondation = Sp. fundacion 
= Pg. fundaqcto = It. fondasione, < LL. fun- 
datio(n-), foundation, < L. fundare, found : see 
found 2 .] 1. The act of founding, originating, 
or beginning to raise or build ; the act of es- 
tablishing. 
Thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world. 
John xvii. 24. 
That authority which had belonged to the baronage of 
England ever since the foundation of the monarchy. 
Macaulau, Hist. Eng. 
2. The solid ground or substructure on which 
the walls of a building rest ; also, the lowest 
division of the building or wall, which is gen- 
erally below the surface of the ground. 
Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, ... a 
precious corner stone, a sure foundation. Isa. xxviii. 16. 
Hence 3. The basis or groundwork of any- 
thing; that on which anything stands and by 
which it is supported or confirmed. 
So shook the whole foundation of his mind, 
As they did all his resolution move. 
Daniel, Civil Wars, vi. 
He [Giles D'Anez] returned with the same good fortune 
to Portugal, after having found . . . that there was no 
foundation for those monstrous appearances or difficulties 
mariners till now had expected to find there. 
Bruce, Source of the Nile, II. 99. 
I cannot but think that the foundations of all natural 
knowledge were laid when 1 the reason of man first came 
face to face with the facts of Nature. 
Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 11. 
4. A fund invested for a benevolent or charita- 
ble purpose ; a donation or legacy for the sup- 
port of an institution, as a school or hospital, 
or of some specific object, as a college pro- 
fessorship, a ward in a hospital, etc.; an en- 
dowment. 
He had an opportunity of going to school on a founda- 
tion. ' , sv ,yy. 
5. That which is founded or established by en- 
dowment ; an endowed institution or charity. 
\\ esee there lieMuiiVo rdc rsi\i\t\fiiiiiultiHi>iiK which . . . 
take theniselvts to biive a kind of contract, fraternity. 
and correspondence one with the other. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 115. 
I went to see the Wecsc-hou.-e. a AnmdctfM like our 
Charter-bonse, for the education of decay d persons, or- 
phans, and poore children. Erehm, IMary, Aug. lit. imi. 
In Germany, since the first fmindaliun at Prague in 
1348, only forty-two universities have been established. 
Science, VI. 246. 
6. In crochet, knitting, etc., the first stitches put 
upon the needles, to which all that follows is 
secured. 7. Same as foundation-muslin and 
-net. 8. In apiculture, a sheet of wax, artifi- 
cially shaped to resemble the foundation of a 
comb, attached to the slats or bars of a hive, or 
placed in a honey-frame, to induce the bees to 
build combs where desired; a guide-comb. 
Old foundation, new foundation, terms used with 
reference to the organization of the cathedral chapters of 
England. At the establishment of the reformation under 
Henry VIII. the collegiate chapters were left unchanged 
in constitution, and their cathedrals are said to be of the 
old foundation. But the monastic chapters were sup- 
pressed, and new ones were organized for their cathe- 
drals, and for the abbey churches converted into cathe- 
drals ; and these are said to be of the new foundation. 
The terms have no relation to the age of the cathedrals 
themselves. 
foundational (foun-da'shpn-al), a. ^founda- 
tion + -a/.] Of the nature of a foundation; 
fundamental. 
foundation-chain (foun-da'shon-chan), n. 
Same &s foundation, 6. 
foundationer (foun-da'shon-er), n. In Great 
Britain, one who is supported on the founda- 
tion or endowment of a college or an endowed 
school. 
foundationless (foun-da'shon-les), a. {^foun- 
dation + -less.'] Having no foundation. 
foundation-muslin (foun-da'shon-muz"lin), n. 
A coarse cotton cloth woven very loosely, like 
a canvas, and stiffened with gum, used for giv- 
ing stiffness to parts of garments. 
foundation-net (foun-da'shon-net), . A ma- 
terial used for the same purpose as foundation- 
muslin, but still coarser, with large meshes, 
foundation-school (foun-da'shon-skol), ti. An 
endowed school. See foundation, 4. 
foundation-square (foun-da'shon-skwar), n. 
In gem-cutting, one of eight squares formed in 
bevel planes round the edges of a brilliant, 
and of which all the angles are subsequently 
cut away so as to make triangular facets. 
foundation-stone (foun-da'shon-ston), n. One 
of the stones of which the foundation of a build- 
ing is composed ; specifically, a corner-stone. 
My castles are my king's alone, 
From turret to foundation-stone. 
Scott, Marmion, vi. 13. 
founder 1 (foun'der), n. [< ME. founder, foun- 
dour, fondoure, < OF. fondeor, fondour, fun- 
dour, fondeur (mod. F. fondateiir = Pr. funda- 
tor, fondador = Sp. Pg. fitndador = It. fonda- 
tore),<L,.fundator. a founder, < fundare, found: 
see found' 2 .'] One who founds or establishes, 
(a) One who lays a foundation or begins to build : as, the 
founder of a temple or a city. 
Julius Ca;sar was the first founder of this tower, which 
he erected to the end to fortifle that place. 
Conjat, Crudities, I. 10. 
(ft) An originator; one from whom anything derives its 
beginning; an author: as, the founder of a sect of philoso- 
phers ; thefountter of a family. 
At Saynt Stevens kirke the! laid him with honoure. 
Himseld dit [did] it wirkc, he was thar fondmire. 
Rob. ofBrunne, tr. of Langtoft's Chron. (ed. Heame), p. 84. 
Each person is the founder 
Of his own fortune, good or bad. 
Fletcher (and another'), Love's Pilgrimage, i. 1. 
Bishop Robinson . . . has been looked upon as the 
founder of the eighteenth century school of English di- 
plomacy. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 5. 
(c) One who establishes by endowment; one who provides 
a permanent fund for any purpose: as, the/oMd- of a 
college or hospital. 
Here stands my father rector, 
And you professors ; you shall all profess 
Something, and live there, with her grace and me 
Your founder*. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1. 
Huge cathedral fronts of every age, . . . 
The statues, king, or saint, or founder, fell. 
Tennyson, Sea Dreams, 
(of) A creator ; a maker. 
He that is mlfmindear may hit folfulle, 
That was ded on the cros & bougte us so deore. 
Joseph of Ariniathie (E. E. T. S.), p. 3. 
founder 2 (foun'der), . [< OF. fondeur, F. 
fniidcm- = Sp. Pg. fund/dor = It. funditore, < 
tUL.fundator, "fiinditor (ti.fusor), < L. fundere, 
