founder 
pp. fiuius, pour, found : see/o<7 3 .] One who 
founds metals, or articles of metal or glass (the 
material of which is called metal) ; a caster : as, 
a founder of cannon, bells, printing-types, etc. 
Item, The Court doth order and declare that there shall 
he foure Founders of letters for printing allowed, and no 
more. Decree of Star Chamber concerning Printing, xxvii. 
The "founder" as he is called, with his staff of assis- 
tants or "crew, now takes charge of the furnace 
Glass-making, p. 120. 
Founders' dust, charcoal-powder, and coal- and coke- 
dust, ground fine, and sifted for casting purposes.- 
Founders' sand, fine sand used for making foundry- 
molds. 
founder 3 (foun'der), v. [< ME. foundren, foun- 
der (as a horse), tr. cast down, destroy, < OF. 
fondrer, in comp. afondrer, affondrer, sink, 
founder, go to the bottom, and effondrer, sink, 
founder, etc., F. effondrer, give way, fall in, tr. 
dig deep (cf.fondriere, F.fondriere, a pit, gully, 
mire, bog), var. of fonder, fall, < OF. fond, < L. 
fundus, bottom : see found 2 and fund.} I. in- 
trans. 1. Naitt., to fill or become filled and sink, 
as a ship. 
Vain efforts ! still the battering waves rush in, 
Implacable, till, delug'd by the foam, 
The ship sinks foundering in the vast abyss. 
J. Philipf, Splendid Shilling 
The ship, no longer foundering by the lee. 
Bears on her aide th' invasions of the sea. 
Falconer, Shipwreck, Hi. 
The house or hut is half sunk in the general accumula- 
tion [of snow], as if it had/owferaf and was going to the 
bottom. 5. Judd, Margaret, i. IT. 
Hence 2. To fail; miscarry. 
The king . . . perceives him, how he coasts, 
And hedges, his own way. But in this point 
All liis tricks founder. Shak., Hen. VIII., ill. 2. 
Do I halt still i' the world, and trouble Nature, 
When her main pieces founder and fail daily? 
Fletcher, Double Marriage, v. Z. 
3. To trip; stumble; go lame, as a horse. 
His hors for fere gan to turne, 
And leep asyde, anAfonndrede as he leep. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1829. 
II. trans. 1. Naut., to cause to fill and sink, 
as a ship. 
We found a strong Tide setting out of the Streights t<> 
the Northward, and like to founder our Ship. 
Dampier, Voyages, I. 82. 
2. To cause internal inflammation in the feet 
of, as a horse, so as to disable or lame him. 
In Deceit & Suhtilty, by such Colour and Device to take 
Horses, and the said Horses hastily to ride & evil entreat, 
having no Manner of Conscienceor Compassion in this Be- 
half, so that the said Horses become all spoiled &m\ foun- 
dered. Babees Book (E. E. T. 8 ), p. 362. 
I have speeded hither with the very extremest inch (if 
possibility ; I have foundered nine-score and odd posts 
I post-horses]. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 3. 
Are they fmindered, ha? his mules have the staggers 
belike, have they? B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1. 
founder 3 (foun'der), n. [<. founder^, v.] In far- 
riery, lameness caused by inflammation within 
the hoof of a horse; laminitis. Also called 
flash . 
founderous (foun'der-us), a. [< founder'* + 
-ou.] Causing to founder, go lame, or be dis- 
abled. [Rare.] 
I have travelled through the negociation, and a sad 
fmtnderoits road it is. Burke, A Regicide Peace, iii. 
foundery (foun'der-i), n. ; pi. founderies (-iz). 
Same as foundry. 
founding (foun'ding), n. [Verbal n. of found 3 , 
i'.] The act or process of casting metals. 
Now long before this time (A. 1*. C. 608], those great mas- 
ters and imageurs, so famous for metall-/otmrf(7 and 
casting of images, were dead and gone. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxiv. 2. 
foundling (found'ling), n. [< ME. foundling, 
foundeling,fundeUng,fundling, etc. (= D. vonde- 
KMgr=MLG. rundelink = MHG. rundelinc, G. find- 
ling), <f unden, found, pp. otfinden, find, + dim. 
-ling. Cf. equiv. ME. funding, with term. -ing 3 .] 
An infant found abandoned or exposed ; a child 
without a parent or claimant. 
I am an Israelite, not by engraffynge, but by kyndred : 
not a strange foundlyng, but a Jewe, being borne of the 
Jewes. J. UdaU, On Philippians iii. 
She is 
None of our child, but a mere foundling. 
Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 1. 
It is remarkable that a law of King Ina orders the 
rare and education of foundlings to be regulated by their 
beauty. Burke, Abridg. of Eng. Hist., it 1. 
foundmentt (found'ment), n. [< ME. foundc- 
ment, < OF.fondement, < ii.fundanientum, foun- 
dation : see fundament.} A foundation. 
Foundement of our clergie, 
Rewle hit is of haly vie. 
Holy Kood (E. E. T. S.), p. 119. 
2352 
foundress (foun'dres), . [</rtwrfrrl + -nm.] 
A female founder; a woman who founds or es- 
tablishes, as a charitable institution, or who en- 
dows with a fund, as a school or a hospital. 
In the midst on the South-side is the Emperour Constan- 
tines [picture], opposite to his mothers, the memorable 
Foundresse. Sandys, Travailes, p. 129. 
Saint Bede's is one of the most ancient of the minor col- 
leges of Avonsbridge. Its foundress's . . . face, clad in 
the close coif of the time of the wars of the Roses, still 
smiles over the fellows' table in hall. 
Mrg. Craik, Christian's Mistake, ii. 
foundry (foun'dri), ii. ; pi. foundries (-driz). 
[Also uncontr. foundery; < F.fonderie(= Sp. 
funderia (rare) = It. fonderia), a foundry, < 
fondre, found: see found 3 .] If. The casting 
of metals. 
The art otfounderie or casting metals. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxiv. 7. 
2. An establishment for the founding of me- 
tallic articles: as, & foundry of bells or of can- 
non ; a type-foundry. Foundry Iron, iron contain- 
ing carbon in sufficient quantity to admit of casting, 
foundryman (foun'dri-man), .; pl.foundri/- 
men (-men). A founder; "one engaged in the 
work of a foundry. 
The first man he would send home for would lie his old 
pattern maker and the next the \mssfoundrytnan. 
Jour. Franklin Intl., CXXV. 297. 
fount 1 (fount), . [< WS.fount,fitHt. also /on*, 
only in the sense of a baptismal font (see/o/i) ; 
< OF.funt,font = Sp.fiiente = Pg. It.fontf, < 
L. fon(t-)s, a spring, fount, fountain, prob. orig. 
*foron(t-)s (= Gr. ^fwv, orig. *X FV(T-)C,, ppr. of 
xelv, orig. *xemv, pour), ppr. of a shorter form 
of the root which appears in fundere, poiir, 
whence ult. E. found 3 and fount' 2 : see found 3 , 
fount 2 , fuse 1 , etc.] 1. A spring of water; a 
fountain. 
The soft green grass is growing 
O'er meadow and o'er dale ; 
The silvery founts are flowing 
Upon the verdant vale. 
T. J. Otaeleti, Seasons of Life, Spring. 
2. A source; a fountainhead. 
What a goblet ! It is set round with diamonds from the 
mines of Eden ; it is carved by angelic hands, and tilled 
at the eternal fount of goodness. 
D. Jerrold, Cup of Patience. 
Aonian fount. See ./tonmn. 
fount 2 (fount), n. [Another form of fnnft, < 
F.fonte: see/on< 2 . Remotely connected with 
fount!.] Same as fon ft, 2. 
fountain (foun'tan), TO. [< ME. fountayne, fon- 
tayn, < OF. funtaine,fontaie, F. fontaine = Pr. 
fontana, fontayna = Sp. It. fontana, < ML. fon- 
tana, a fountain, < L. fon(t-)s, a fount: see 
fount 1 . Cf. mount and mountain.'] 1. A natu- 
ral spring or source of water; the source or 
head of a stream. 
Aftyr that we cam to a /ountayne wher our blyssyd 
lady was wont many tymes to wasse hyr clothes. 
Torkinaton, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 53. 
The Fountain <>( these Waters is as unknown as the 
Contriver of them. 
MaundreU, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. f>2. 
Where a green grassy turf is all I crave, 
With here and there a violet bestrown, 
Fast by a brook, or fountain's murmuring wave. 
Seattle, The Minstrel, ii. 
2. An artificial basin or tank for receiving a 
flow of living water, from which it may be 
drawn for any use, or from which by the force 
of its own pressure it may rise or spout through 
orifices in gets or showers. For the latter purpose 
it is necessary that the water should flow through a pipe 
or closed conduit from a source considerably higher than 
the level of the fountain. Ornamental fountains thus 
supplied are often very elaborately constructed. 
And in the midst of all &fountaine stood, 
Of richest substance that on earth might bee. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. xii. 60. 
Fountains, playing through the trees, 
Oive coolness to the passing breeze. 
Addison, Rosamond, ii. 3. 
3. Origin; first source; cause. 
Almighty God, ttie fountain of all goodness. 
Book of Common Prayer. 
And how many Nations were founded after that by 
Abrahams posteritie (not to mention so many other Foun- 
taint* of Peoples), by the sonnes of Hagar, and Ketura, 
and Esau the sonne of Isaac. Pttrchas, Pilgrimage, p. 47. 
4. In lier. : (a) A roundel, barry wavy of six 
argent and azure, or more rarely having a 
greater number of barrulets. 
(6) The representation of an 
ordinary architectural foun- 
tain with basin, etc. 5. A 
tin-lined copper holder used in 
transporting aerated waters, 
or the combination of orna- 
mental faucets and syrup-hold- Fountain, drf. 4 <>. 
four 
ers from which such waters nrp <lrawn ; a soda- 
fountain. 6. The ink-holder of a printing- 
press. 7. The supply-chamber of a fountain- 
pen or of a fountain-inkstand, or the reser- 
voir for oil in certain kinds of lamps, etc. 
Hero's fountain, a pneumatic apparatus in which the 
elastic force of a confined body of air, increased by hy 
draulic pressure and reacting upon the surface of water 
in a closed reservoir, produces a jet which may rise above 
that surface to a height equal to the effective height of 
the pressing column: named from Hero of Alexandria, to 
whom the invention of the instrument is ascribed. It con- 
sists essentially of an open basin, and two closed reservoirs 
at different levels below the basin. A tube connects the 
upper parts of both the reservoirs. Another tube con- 
nects the bottom of the basin with the lower part of the 
lower reservoir. A detachable tube with a jet-nozle at 
its upper end passes through the center of the basin and 
down into and very nearly to the bottom of the higher 
reservoir. The detachable tube being removed, the higher 
reservoir is partly filled with water through the opening; 
then the tube is replaced, and water poured into the basin. 
This water, running down into the lower reservoir, forces 
the air from the latter up into arid increases the pressure in 
the higher reservoir, displacing the water therein and 
forcing it through the detachable tube in the form of a 
jet. This ejected water falls into the basin and thence 
passes to the lower reservoir, and thus the action continues 
till nearly all the water in the higher reservoir has been 
discharged through the jet. Steam-fountain, a foun- 
tain in which the liquid is raised by the pressure of steam 
upon the surface in a reservoir. =8yn. 1 and 2. Spring, 
etc. See u"ell. 
fountained (foun'tand), a. [< fountain 
Provided or embellished with artificial foun- 
tains. 
The preacher said good-day, and started down the steps 
that used to lead from the levee down across a pretty 
fountained court and into the town. 
Q. W. Cable, Au Large, xxii. 
fountaineert (foun-ta-ner'), n. [Also fonta- 
nier; < OF. fonteniei; a maker or manager of 
fountains or conduits, < fontaine, a fountain : 
see fountain.] A manager or engineer of a 
fountain. Danes. 
The hedge of water, in forme of lattice-worke, which 
the fontanier caused to ascend out of the earth by de- 
grees, exceedingly pleased and surpris'd me. 
Krebjn, Diary, Oct. 8, 1641. 
fountain-fish (foun'tan-fish), n. A ctenopho- 
ran ; one of the coelenterates of the class Cte- 
nophora : so called from the currents of water 
caused by their cilia. Beroe is an example. 
fountainhead (foun'tan-hed), . A fountain 
or spring from which a stream of water flows ; 
the head or source of a stream ; hence, primary 
source in general ; original. 
We have this detail from the fountain-head, from the 
persons themselves. Paley, Evidences, II. viii. 
fountainless (foun'tan-les), a. [< fountain + 
-less.] Having no fountain ; without springs or 
wells. 
For barren desert, fimntainle** and dry. 
Milton, P. R., iii. 264. 
fountainlet (foun'tan-let), n. [< fountain + 
-let.] A little fountain. 
In the aforesaid Village there )>e two Fnuntainelrtt, 
which are not farre asunder. 
Fuller, Worthies, Huntingdon. 
fountain-pen (foun'tan-pen), n. A writing- 
pen with a reservoir for furnishing a continu- 
ous supply of ink. 
fountain-shell (foun'tan-shel), n. Same as 
conch, 2. 
fountful (fount'ful), a. [</OMI + -ful] Full 
of springs. 
Go wait the Thunderer's will, Saturnia cry'd, 
On yon tall summit of the fountful Ide. 
Pope, Iliad, xv. 
fountstonet, . See fontstone. 
Sles [slays] them alle . . . 
But yiff they graunte, with mylde mood, 
To be baptysed in fountxton. 
Richard Coer de Linn, 1. 3939. 
Fouquiera (fo-ki-a'ra) ; . [NL., named after 
Dr. Pierre Eloi Fouqiiter, a professor of medi- 
cine at Paris (1776-1850).] An anomalous ge- 
nus of Mexican shrubs or small trees, which has 
been placed in the order Tamariscinea; by recent 
authorities. Thewood is brittle and resinous; the spiny 
stems and branches are usually leafless ; and the flowers, 
which are of a brilliant crimson, are in terminal spikes or 
panicles. There are four species, one of which, F. splen- 
dent, is found within the southern borders of the United 
States. 
four (for), a. and , [< ME. four, fowr. /over, 
feower, < AS.fe6wer(in some compounds/f^feer-. 
fither-) = OS.fiuwar,fiur, fior = OFries. fiwiver, 
'fioirer, fior, NFries. fiouwer = D. tier = MLG. 
rer, LG. veer = OHG. for, ficr, MHG. vier, G. 
vier = Icel. fjorir = 6Sw. fingur, Sw. fyra = 
Dan. fire = Goth, fidiror = W. pedwar = Gael. 
ceithir = Ir. cethir = L. quattuor, quatuor (whence 
It. quattro = Sp. citatro = Pg. quatro = F. 
quatre) = Oscan petitr = Gr. riffraff, rfooapec,, 
