frater 
a blacke box at his girdle, wherein is a patient to beg for 
some Hospital! or Spittle house. 
!>>'kk' r. Hclinai] <>f London, sig. C, 3. 
A frater goeth wyth a like Lisenee to beg for some Spit- 
tlehouse or Hospital. Their pray is commonly upon poore 
women as they uo and conic to tin- Markets. 
Quoted in KiMuu-Tiirnfr'n Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 593. 
Fratercula (fra-ter'ku-la), n. [NL., appar. in 
allusion to the puffed-out beak or the swelling 
breast of the puffin (see puffin), < lj.fr/iti-ri-/i- 
lare, used by Plautus in comic imitation, and 
with the sense, of sororiare, swell up alike (of 
the breasts), < fraterculus, dim. of frater = E. 
brother, as sororiare < soror = E. sister."] A 
genus of marine diving-birds of the family Al- 
cidie; the puffins or masked auks. They have 
three-toed webbed feet, very short wings and tail, the bill 
exceedingly compressed and vertically ridged, with its 
gayly colored horny covering deciduous, a rosette at the 
angle of the mouth, and fleshy appendages of the eyelids. 
The common pnttin is F. arctica ; the horned puffin, F. 
corniculata. The tufted puffin, F. cirrata. is sometimes 
placed in this genus, but now oftener called Lunda cirra- 
ta. The genus gives name with some to a subfamily Fr- 
terculiruf. See puffin. 
fratercule (frat'er-kul), n. [< L. frattrtvbu, 
dim. of frater = E. brother.] In ornith., a spe- 
cies or variety which differs from another only 
or chiefly in being of smaller size. [Rare.] 
Most of the species [of CohimbidaorPodicipedidcc] are, 
as it were, duplicated : that is, there is another scarcely 
differing except in size, one being the fratercule, or "lit- 
tle brother," of the other. 
Coues, Birds of the Northwest, p. 723, 1874. 
Fraterculinae (fra-ter-ku-U'ne), n. pi [NL., < 
Fratercula + -/?.] A subfamily of Alcidte. See 
Fratercula. 
frater-houset (fra ' ter-hous), . [< fraiter + 
house; the first element, as also in the equiv. 
fratery, fratry, being assimilated to L. frater, 
brother (ML. friar), as if "domus in qua fra- 
tres una comedunt in signum mutui amoris " 
(the house in which the brethren eat together 
in token of mutual love). See fraiter.'] Same 
as fraiter. 
fraternal (fra-ter'nal), a. [= F. fratemel = 
Pr. Sp. Pg. fraternal = It. fraternale, < ML. 
fraternalis, < L. fraternus, brotherly, < frater 
= E. brother: see frater.'] Brotherly; pertain- 
ing to brethren ; proceeding from or becoming 
to brothers: as, /ratemaZ interest; a fraternal 
embrace. 
I also, in my capacity and proportion, may do some of 
the meaner offices of spiritual building, by prayers, and by 
holy discourses, and fraternal conception. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 144. 
Fraternal tenderness arose in all its warmth, and totally 
effaced from his [Joseph's] generous breast the impres- 
sion of their ancient crueltie. H. Blair, Works, I. xiii. 
= Syn. Brotherly, Fraternal. See brotherly. 
fraternally (fra-ter'nal-i), adv. In a fraternal 
manner. 
fraternate (frat'er-nat), r. i. [< L. fraternus, 
brotherly, + E. -ate z .~] To fraternize. Jeffer- 
son. [Bare.] 
fraternation (frat-er-na'shon), n. [< frater- 
nate + -ion. Cf. ML. frateriiacio(n-), equiv. to 
LL. fraternita(t-)s, a society.] Fraternization. 
Jefferson. [Rare.] 
fraternisation, fraternise, etc. See frater- 
nisation, etc. 
fraternism (frat'er-nizm), w. [< L. fraternus, 
brotherly (see fraternize), + E. -ism.'] Frater- 
nization. Jefferson. [Rare.] 
fraternity (fra-ter'ni-ti), n. ; pi. fraternities 
(-tiz). [< ME. fraternite, < OF. fraternite, F. 
fraternite = Sp.fraternidad = Pg. fraternidade 
= It. fraternita, (. LL. fraternita(t-)s, a brother- 
hood, a fraternity, < L. fraternus, brotherly, < 
frater = E. brother : see fraternal, friar, bro- 
ther.'] 1. The relationship of a brother; the 
condition of being a brother or of being bro- 
thers; brotherhood. E. Phillips, 1706. Hence 
2. That mutual interest and affection which 
is characteristic of the fraternal relation ; bro- 
therly regard and sympathy for others, regard- 
less of relationship by blood ; brotherhood in 
general. 
For you I have only a comrade's constancy ; a fellow- 
soldier's frankness, fidelity, fraternity, if you like ; a neo- 
phyte's respect and submission to his hierophant ; nothing 
more. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxxiv. 
The first aspect in which Christianity presented itself to 
the world was as a declaration of the fraternity of men in 
Christ. Lecky, Europ. Morals, II. 19. 
3. A body of men associated by some natural 
tie, as of common interest or character, of com- 
mon business or profession, or by some formal 
tie, as of organization for religious or social 
purposes; a company; a brotherhood; a so- 
ciety: as, a. fraternity of monks; a college fra- 
ternity. 
2364 
In ye begynnyng it is ordeynede yat yisjrfi^-rnih- >h;il 
be holden, at ye Chirche of seint Botnlphe forsayde, mi ye 
sonday next folowande ye Kpiphany of oure lorde. 
Eiiyluli Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 1,1. 
With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak 
of their own fraternity! Smith, Sermons. 
Their first charter, in which they are styled Peyntoun, 
was granted in the 6th of Edward IV'., but they had existed 
as a fraternity long before. 
Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting, I. iv. 
The constitutions of many college fraternities are now 
open to the inspection of faculties ; the most vigorous pub- 
lish detailed accounts of their conventions and social gath- 
erings. The Century, XXXVI. ~:a. 
4. Specifically, in the Rom. Cath. Ch., an organ- 
ization of laymen for pious or charitable pur- 
poses, as the special worship of Christ, the honor 
of the Virgin Mary or of particular saints, the 
care of the distressed, sick, or dead, etc. Also 
called confraternity, gild, or sodality. =Syn. 3 and 
4. Association, circle, sodality, league, clan. 
fraternization (frat'er-ni-za'shon), n. [= F. 
fraternisation = Pg. f rater nisafto ; as frater- 
nize + -ation.~] The act of fraternizing, or of 
associating and holding fellowship as brethren. 
Also spelled fraternisation. 
This was the beginning of a series of fraternization* 
among the churches of New Albion. 
The Century, XXV. 6S. 
fraternize (frat'er-niz), . ; pret. and pp. fra- 
ternized, ppr. frate rni:in<j. [< F. fraterniser = 
Sp. Pg. fraternizar = It. fraternizzare, < ML. 
fraternizare, < L. fraternus, brotherly: see fra- 
ternal. ] I. intrans. To associate, sympathize, 
or hold fellowship as brothers ; hold brotherly 
intercourse ; have sympathetic relations. 
I am jealous of yonr fraternizing with Bowles, when I 
think you relish him more than Burns, or my old favourite 
Cowper. Lamlt, To Coleridge. 
II. trans. To bring into fraternal association 
or into sympathy. [Rare.] 
A regular correspondence for fraternizing the two na- 
tions had alao been carried on by Societies in London with 
a great number of Jacobin Societies in France. 
Burke, Conduct of the Minority. 
It might have . . . reconciled and fraternized my soul 
with the new order. Mn. Brouming. 
Also spelled fraternise. 
fraternizer (frat'er-m-zer), n. One who fra- 
ternizes, or desires to promote fraternization. 
Also spelled fraterniser. 
Here again I join issue with the fraternize?*, and posi- 
tively deny the fact. Burke, A Regicide Peace, iv. 
frateryt, Same as fraiter. 
Fraticelli (frat-i-sel'i), n. pi. [It., little bro- 
thers, pi. dim. of frate, a monk, < L. frater, bro- 
ther, ML. a friar, monk : see friar.] Same as 
fratricelli. 
fratriaget, fratraget (fra'tri-aj, -traj), n. [ML. 
fratriagium, < fratria, a fraternity (cf. friary), 
< L. frater = E. brother.'] In law: (n) A young- 
er brother's inheritance. (6) A partition of an 
estate among coheirs. 
Fratricelli (frat-ri-sel'i), n. pi. [ML., lit. little 
brothers, dim. of L. frater, pl.fratreg, brother.] 
The common designation of a body of reformed 
Franciscans authorized by Pope Celestine V. in 
1294, under the name of Poor Hermits, who af- 
terward defied the authority of the popes, re- 
jected the sacraments, and held that Chris- 
tian perfection consists in absolute poverty. 
They were severely persecuted, but continued 
as a distinct sect until the fifteenth century. 
Also Fraticelli. 
fratricidal (frat'ri-sl-dal), a. [< fratricide + 
-al.'] Pertaining to or involving fratricide : as, 
& fratricidal war. 
Wherefore should we leap, 
On one hand, into fratricidal fight, 
Or, on the other, yield eternal right? 
Whittier, A Word for the Hour. 
fratricide 1 (frat'ri-sld), . [< OF. (also F.) 
fratricide = Sp. Pg. It. fratricida, < L. fratri- 
cida, one who murders a brother, < frater, = E. 
brother, + -cida, a killer, < cwdere, kill.] One 
who murders or kills a brother. 
The infamous fratricide was presently thrown from his 
usurped greatness. L. Addigon, Western Barbary, p. 16. 
Now, while the fratricides of France 
Are treading on the neck of Rome. 
Whittier, To Pius IX. 
fratricide 2 (frat'ri-sld), . [< OF. (also F.) 
fratricide = Sp. Pg. It. fratricidio, < ii.fratri- 
cidium, the murder of a brother, < frater, bro- 
ther, T -cidium, a killing, < caidere, kill.] The 
act of murdering or killing a brother. 
The murderer the assises after was condemned, and the 
law could but only hang him, though he had committed 
matricide and fratricide. Howell, Letters, iv. 43. 
fratryt, Same as fraiter. 
fraudless 
The true kitchen l>i-inu r a tmil.linu' \vitli great central 
tin-places, ronimunicatin^ tImiiiLh li.-itcln-s with both the 
.h'liira of the chuir monks atid the hall ol tlie conversi. 
All,: mi-inn, Sept. L'^. ]-. p. ;;-.n. 
fraud (I'rad), ii. [< ME. fraud, fnnul,-, < OF. 
fnnide, F. friuidv = Pr. frau = Sp. Pg. It. 
fnnide, < L. /;V;H.V (fraud-), OL. friis, a cheat- 
ing, deceit, guile, fraud, delusion, error, etc. 
Perhaps connected with Skt. dhitrta, shrewd, 
knavish, < -y/ ilh rar, bend or make crooked, harm 
by deceit; with this root are connected E. tliilH, 
ilimli; dwell, etc.] 1. An act or course of de- 
ception deliberately practised with the view of 
gaining a wrong or unfair advantage ; deceit ; 
trick ; an artifice by which the right or interest 
of another is injured. 
Scho kayres to Karelyone, and kawghte hir a vaile, 
Askes thate the habite in the honoure of Criste, 
And alle for falsede, and frawde, and fere of hir loverde ! 
Murte Arthure f (E. E. T. Si.), 1. 8919. 
The fraud of men was ever so, 
Since summer first was leavy. 
Shak., Much Ado, ii. 3 (song). 
Where fraud is permitted and connived at, or has no 
law to punish it, the honest dealer is always undone. 
Swijt, Gulliver's Travels, i. 6. 
For when success a lover's toils attends, 
Few ask if force or fraud attuin'd his ends. 
Pope, R. of the L., ii. 84. 
2. Specifically, in law, an artifice employed by 
one person for the purpose of deceiving ano- 
ther, to the prejudice of his right; the causing 
or making use of the error of another for the 
attainmentof an illegal object. Puchta, ii., fol. 6. 
It includes the secreting or disposing of property with dis- 
honest intent to impair the righu or remedies of its own- 
er or of a creditor of its owner, and the unjust and uncon- 
scionable use of a technical legal advantage which equity 
forbids. 
3f. A position artfully contrived to work dam- 
age or prejudice ; a snare. 
Ciesar was informed of all their plots; he knew their 
deseignments, their places, their open and secret deuises, 
and turned the enemies fraud to his owne destruction. 
Qrenewly, tr. of Annals of Tacitus, p. 38. 
To all his angels he proposed 
To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud, 
That he might fall in Ramoth. 
Milton, P. R., I. 371. 
4. A deceiver; a cheat; a pretender; also, a 
fraudulent production ; something intended to 
deceive. [Colloq., U.S.] Actual fraud, or fraud 
In fact, a fraud in which there is an actual wrongful in- 
tent to deceive or take advantage of deception ; a false 
representation of fact, made with a knowledge of its false- 
hood, or in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity, with 
the intent and effect of inducing another to act thereon. 
Constructive fraud, legal fraud, an act or course of 
conduct which, if sanctioned by law, would, either in the 
particular case or in common experience, secure an un- 
conscionable advantage, irrespective of the existence or 
evidence of actual intent to defraud. Thus, if a trustee 
takes a conveyance to himself of the trust property, though 
on paying what he deems its full value into the trust fund, 
the transaction is constructively fraudulent as to any ben- 
eficiaries not having full knowledge, and intelligently and 
freely assenting, even though his estimate of the value 
was fair and just ; because to sanction such a use of the 
power of a trustee would in general produce results in 
legal effect equivalent to actual fraud. Pious fraud, 
(a) A fraud or deception practised with the intention of 
promoting some good object or of sparing pain to the per- 
son deceived ; a kindly deception. 
May is a piau* fraud of the almanac. 
Lowell, Vnder the Willows. 
(&) A person who talks piously, but is not pious at heart ; 
a religious humbug. [Colloq.] Statute of Frauds, an 
English statute of 1677, reenacted in varying forms in near- 
ly all of the United States, requiring written memoranda 
to make valid many classes of contracts : the statute being 
named from its intent to put an end to frauds and per- 
juries in claiming contracts to have been actually made 
in cases where there had been only negotiations. Yazoo 
Frauds Act. See <-(.=Syn. 1. Deceit, Deception. Fraud 
(see deceit); circumvention, imposition, cheat, cheating. 
fraudt (frad), . t. [< ME. fravden, < OF. frau- 
der, F. frauder = Pr. OSp. Pg. fraudar = It. 
fraudare, < li.fravdare, cheat, defraud, <.f raits 
(fraud-), fraud I: see fraud, n. Cf. defraud.] To 
cheat; defraud. 
The hijre of goure werkmen . . . that is fraudid of 
gou. Wyclif, Jas. v. 4. 
fraudful (frad'ful), a. [< ME./rad/J; <fraud 
+ -fill."] Full of fraud ; characterized by fraud 
in act or intent ; trickish. 
The welfare of us all 
Hangs on the cutting short that fraudful man. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 
No man can Proteus cheat, but, Proteus, leave 
Thy fraudful arts, and do not thou deceive. 
Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgics, iv. 
From this curst Hour the Ffaiidful Dame 
Of sacred Truth usurps the Name. 
Prior, Truth and Falsehood. 
fraudfully (frad'ful-i), adr. In a fraudful man- 
ner; dishonestly; treacherously. Johnson. 
fraudless (frad'les), a. [<fraud + -less."] Free 
from fraud. Craig. 
