fraudlessly 
fraudlessly (frad'lcs-H), ailr. Iii a fraudless 
manner. 
fraudlessness (frad'les-nes), n. The state or 
quality of being fraudless. 
fraudsmant (fradz ' man), w. ; pi. fraudxiiii-n 
(-men). [Apparently a mere nonce-word 
framed as a parallel to trnit<-nittii.~\ A trick- 
ster; a fraudulent person. 
You shall not easily discern between ... a tradesman 
ami t/hnidomm. /; ''''- ''' - 1 '''"'". works, II. 240. 
fraudulence (fra'du-leus), . [< OF. fraiidu- 
lence = Sp. Pg. frauduleneia = It. fraudolenza, 
< L. frauditleHtia, frauduleuce, < fraudulentus, 
fraudulent : see frauduten t. ] The quality of be- 
ing fraudulent ; dishonesty; trickery. 
Though the Egyptians lost what they hud lent them, ytt 
it was without any fraudulenee or injustice on their part 
who were the borrowers. South, Works, V. viii. 
Euryalus in Virgil wins the race by downright frattdu- 
IMM ' II'. Hart,; tr. of Sixth Thebaid of Statins, note. 
fraudulency (fra'du-len-si), . Same a,sfrauii- 
ulence. 
fraudulent (fra'du-lent), . [< ME. fraudu- 
lent, < OF. fraudulent = 8p. Pg. fraudulent = 
It. fraudolente, fraudolento, < L. fraudulentus, 
cheating, fraudulent, <. fruits (fraud-), fraud.] 
1. Involving or characterized by fraud; pro- 
ceeding from or founded on fraud ; deceitful : 
as, a, fraudulent bargain. 
Philosophy we are warned to take heed of : ... that 
philosophy which to bolster heresy or error casteth a 
fraudulent show of reason upon things which are indeed 
unreasonable. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 8. 
One writer gravely assures us that Maurice of Saxony 
learned all his fraudulent policy from it [Machiavelli's 
Prince). Macaulay, Machiavelli. 
2. Planning or using fraud ; given to the prac- 
tice of fraud. 
Sin is fraudulent, and beguileth us with evil under the 
shew of good. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v., App. 1. 
Many, who are very just in their dealings between man 
and man, will yet be very fraudulent or rapacious with 
regard to the publick. Clarke, Works, II. cxlviii. 
Fraudulent bankruptcy, the wilful cheating of credi- 
tors by means of fraudulent practices on the part of an in- 
solvent ; a bankruptcy in which the insolvent is accessory 
to the diminution, by alienation, abstraction, or conceal- 
ment, of the funds divisible among his creditors, with 
fraudulent intent. Fraudulent conveyance. See con- 
veyance. Statute of Fraudulent Conveyances. See 
utatute. =Syn. Deceitful, etc. (see deceptive); dishonest, 
designing, unfair, knavish, guileful. 
fraudulently (fra'du-lent-li), adv. In a fraud- 
ulent manner ; by fraud. 
He [a holy man] dares no more deal unjustly or fraud- 
ulently with his neighbour than he dares to neglect his 
daily prayers and praises unto God. 
Bp. Beveridge, Works, II. xcv. 
Upon any insolvency, they ought to suffer who were weak 
enough to lend upon bad security, or they who fraudu- 
lently held out a security that was not valid. 
Burke, Rev. in France. 
fraudulentness (fra'du-lent-nes), n. The qual- 
ity of being fraudulent. Bailey, 1727. 
fraughtt(frat),. [<ME.fraught,fraugt,fragt, a 
load, cargo, freight, freight-money (in this sense 
with a var. freight, freyt, freijthe: see quot. un- 
der def. 2), < D. vraclit = MLG. vrucht, vrecht, 
vraeht, LG. fracht (> G. fraeht = Dan. fragt = 
Sw. frakt), a load, cargo, freight, appar. orig. 
the freight-money, = OHG. f relit, gain, profit, 
reward (> gi-frehton, earn, gaia), prob. = Goth, 
as if *fra-ai)its, < fro- = OHG. far-, fir- = AS. 
for-, E./or-i, + Goth, aihts = OHG. clit = AS. 
ieht, property, possessions, lit. what is owned, < 
Goth, aigan = AS. dgan, have, own : see owe, 
own 1 . From the LG. come OF. frait, fret, F. 
fret = Pg. frete = Sp. flete (ML. f recta, fretta), 
freight, freightage, to which is due the change 
of vowel, from, fraught to late ME. and mod. E. 
freight: B6O freight.] 1. Aload; cargo; freight 
(of a ship). 
Fill of synne is my secke [sack] : 
To the preest y wole schewe that fraugte, 
Ml setup is chargid, al jiooth to wrecke. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 76. 
Her fraughte. more woorthe then all the wares of lude. 
Puttenham, Partheniades, x. 
As the bark that hath discharg'd her/ratw/it. 
Shak., Tit. And., i. -i. 
2. The sum paid for the transportation of a 
load or cargo. Compare fraught-money. 
My fader had not to pay to the master of the ship for 
the fraught. Gexta Rnmanonnn, p. 80. 
Freythe of cariage [var. freyt or freythe, K., freight or 
rariage, P.), vectura. Prompt. Pan., p. 177. 
fraught (frat), v. [< ME. fraughten, fraugteu, 
rare except in the pp. fraught, which remains 
the most common form (iii the fig. sense) in 
mod. E. ; = D. be-rraeh ten = MLG. rraettten =G. 
2365 
I'racliti'it, < Dan. fraijtc = Sw./rafcto, lade, load, 
fraught; from the noun.] I. trans. 1. To lade; 
load; freight (a ship). 
These marchantz have don fraught herescln'npesiK-M, . 
Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, 1. 73. 
Something will come along to fraught your bark. 
Masstnger, Renegado, v. 4. 
Here did the shepheard seeke 
Where he his little boate might safely hide, 
Till it v& fraught with what the world beside; 
Could not outvalew. 
II'. liroiene, Britannia's Pastorals, ii. 5. 
Godwin gave counsel to send him [Swane] 50 Ships 
fraught with Souldiers. Milton, Hist. Eng., vi. 
2. Figuratively, to fill ; store; charge. 
Saint Anthony, 
A man with valour fraught, 
The champion of fair Italy. 
The Seven Champions of Christ: ntlam (Chilli's Ballads, 
[I. 89). 
Such Comfort to us here your Letter gives, 
Fraught with brisk Racy Verses. 
Cowley, Ans. to Verses sent me to Jersey. 
The breeze 
Came fraught with kindly sympathies. 
Wordsworth, White Doe of Rylstone, iv. 
[Now used only in the past participle.] 
II. t intrans. To form or make up the freight 
of a vessel; constitute a vessel's freight or car- 
go- 
it should the good ship so have swallow'd, and 
The fraughting souls within her. 
Shak., Tempest, i. 2. 
[In some editions the reading \a freighting.] 
fraught (frat),j>. a. Freighted; laden; loaded; 
charged; replete: chiefly in figurative use : as, 
a vessel richly fraught with goods from India ; 
a scheme fraught with mischief, 
fraughtaget (fra'taj), . [< fraught + -age; 
cf. freightage.'] Freight; cargo. 
Our fraughtage, sir, 
I have convey'd aboard. Shak., C. of E., iv. 1. 
fr aught-money t, Money paid for freight or 
for transportation of goods. 
Y fraught money, naulum. 
Lemns, Mauip. Vocab. (E. E. T. S.), p. 10. 
fraunchiset, n. and v. See franchise. 
Fraunhofer's lines. See Une^. 
fraxetin (frak'se-tin), n. [< Frax(inus) + -et 
+ -i 2 .] A substance (Cj^HgOs) obtained by 
the action of dilute acids on fraxin. 
fraxin (frak'sin), . [< L. frax(iiiun), ash, + 
-i 2 .] A glucoside (C 2 iH 22 O 13 ) found in the 
bark of the common ash-tree, Fraxinus excel- 
sior, and of the horse-chestnut. 
Fraxineae (frak-sin'e-e), n. jil. [NL., < L./r<m- 
neus, of ash-wood, < fraxinus, ash.] A small 
tribe of the order Oleaeece. 
fraxinella (frak-si-nel'a), . [NL. , = F. frajci- 
nelle = Sp. fresnillo, fraxinela = Pg. fraxinella 
= It. frassinella, < L. fraxinus, an ash-tree : see 
Fraxinus.] A common name for the cultivat- 
ed species of Dictamnus, particularly D. Fraxi- 
nella. 
Fraxinus (frak'si-nus), w. [NL.,< L. fraxinus, an 
ash-tree, ash : see/raw 2 .] A genus of deciduous 
trees, containing the common ash, and belong- 
ing to the natural order Oleaceae. There are about 
30 known species, natives of the temperate regions of the 
northern hemisphere, of which a dozen are found in the 
United States. The common ash of Europe, F. excelsior, 
is a handsome tree with a heavy, tough, and compact 
wood of great value, and employed for many purposes. 
Several varieties are cultivated for ornament. The flow- 
ering ash, F. Ornus, is a small tree of the Mediterranean 
region, which yields a sweet exudation known as manna. 
Several of the American species are valuable for their 
timber and as shade-trees. See ash*. 
fray 1 (fra), n. [< ME. fray, contention, dispute, 
assault, fear; an abbr., by apheresis, of affray, 
n., q. v.] 1. An affray; a battle; an assault; 
a quarrel with violence. 
Thou woldist bleede for mannis nede. 
And suffre manye a feerdful/ray. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 14. 
I come to tell you things sith then befallen, 
After the bloody fray at Wakefleld fought. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., II. 1. 
The fame that heroes cherish. 
The glory earned In deadly .fray. 
Shall fade, decay, and perish. 
Bryant, Ode for an Agricultural Celebration. 
Propp'd on their bodkin spears the sprites survey 
The growing combat, or assist the fray. 
Pope, R. of the L., v. 66. 
2. A brawl; a riot; a me!6e. 
But incontynent after dyner, there began a great fray? 
bitwene som of the gromes and pages of the strangers, and 
of the archers of Inglande. 
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. xvi. 
Prin. Where are the vile beginners of this/rai/ ? 
Ben. noble prince, I can discover all 
The unlucky manage of this fatal brawl. 
Shak., R. and J., iii. 1. 
frazil 
3f. A chase; a hunt. 
Death hath not struck so fat a deer to-day, 
Though many dearer, in this bloody fray. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 4. 
All, on this cry being raised, were obliged to follow the 
fray, or chase, under pain of death. 
Quoted in Child' f llall/nlt. VI. lie,. 
= Syn. Mi'lfe, Brawl, etc. See quarrel^, . 
fray 1 ! (fra), v. [< ME. frayen, fraien, contend, 
dispute, fight, put in fear; an abbr., by apher- 
esis, of affray, v., q. v.] I. traitx. 1. To put in 
fear; terrify; frighten; deter by fear. 
If ye be so addicted to the letter, why fray ye the com- 
mon people from the literal sense with this bug, telling 
them the letter slayeth? 
Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc., 1850), 
[p. 244. 
Their service he applyes, 
To aide his friendes, or fray his enimies. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. i. 38. 
It [the basilisk] frai/eth away other Serpents with the 
hissing. It goeth vpright from the belly vpwardes. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 560. 
Sweet Phosphor, bring the day ; 
Thy light will fray 
These horrid mists. Quarles, Emblems, i. 14. 
2. To maltreat ; misuse. 
Made he thee noust? my^te thou not Wynne? 
For ouermyche thou/rawdinf that free ; 
Thorug-out his bodi no place was inne, 
Bothe Heisch & blood thou pullidist with thee. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 211. 
II. intrans. To contend; combat; fight. 
Dayly, with Diane eke to fight and fraye 
And holden werre. Court of Love, 1. 682. 
fray 2 (fra), v. [< OF.frayer, frvyer, frier, grate 
upon, rub, F. frayer Pr. Sp. fregar = Pg. 
esfregar = It. fregare, < L. fricare, rub : see 
friction.'} I. trans. It. To rub; grate. 2. To 
rub away the surface of; fret, as cloth by 
wearing, or the skin by friction ; especially, 
to ravel out the edge of, as a piece of stuff, by 
drawing out threads of the warp so that the 
threads of the weft make a kind of fringe : in 
this sense usually with out. 
We know that a sensitive skin, frayed by much friction, 
becomes thickened and callous if the friction is often re- 
" peated. //. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., 510. 
I ... looked upward, and saw a narrow belt or scarf 
of silver fire stretching directly across the zenith, with 
its loose, frayed ends slowly swaying to and fro down the 
slopes of the sky. B. Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 63. 
II. intrans. If. To rub against something. 
Ther myght a man haue sein many a helme hurled on 
an hepe, and many a shaf te and shelde frayen togeder. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), 111. 594. 
2. To yield to rubbing or fretting; ravel out, 
as cloth. 
" And pray, sir, what do you think of Miss Morland's 
gown ? " "It is very pretty, madam, " said he, gravely ex- 
amining it ; " but I do not think it will wash well ; I am 
afraid it will fray." Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, iii. 
fray 2 (fra), n. [< frayV, . .] A fret or chafe 
in cloth, a cord, etc. ; a place injured or weak- 
ened by rubbing : as, a fray in an angler's line. 
Your purest lawns have /rays, and cambrics bracks. 
Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. 
'Tis like a lawnie firmament, as yet 
Quite dispossest of either fray or fret. 
Herrick, Hesperides, p. 86. 
fraying 1 ! (fra'ing), n. [Verbal n. of /ray 1 , t>.] 
1. An alarm; a panic. 2. Contention; strug- 
gle. 
For Arthur was also fallen to grounde with the fraylnge 
that thei hurteled to-geder. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 389. 
They doe their endeuoure to mayntaine their tyranny 
with deceipts, frayinges, wiles, traynes, thretninges, and 
wicked conspiracies. J. Udall, On John x. 
fraying 2 (fra'ing), . [Verbal n. oifrayV, .] 
The velvet frayed or rubbed from a deer's 
antler. 
A hart of ten, 
I trow he be, madam, or blame your men : 
For by his slot, his entries, and his port, 
His frayings, fewmets, he doth promise sport. 
B. Jotinon, Sad Shepherd, i. 2. 
fray-makert (fra'ma"ker), H. One who causes 
a fray or fight. [Bare.] 
Constables may by the law disarme and imprison peace 
breakers, fray-makers, rioters, and others, to prevent 
bloodshed, quarrels, and preserve the public peace. 
Prynne, Treachery and Disloyalty, iv. 28. 
A fight. 
fraymentt, [< /i'"?/ 1 + -meat.'] 
Xures. Also spelled f raiment. 
Or Pan, who wyth hys sodayne fraiments and tumults 
hrinueth age over all things. 
Chaloner, tr. of Moria; Encomium, sig. C. 
fraynet, v. t. A Middle English form offrainl. 
frazil (fra-zil'), n. [A Canadian-F. term, of ob- 
scure origin ; perhaps a particular use of F./rai- 
sil, cinders, culm, slack ; or < F. /raise, a col- 
lar, ruff, in allusion to the way in which the 
