fremedly 
fremedlyt, adv. [ME.; <fremed,fremd.,+ - 
As a stranger. 
Mony klyf lie ouer-clambe in contrayeg straunge, 
Fer Hoten fro his frendeg/n'Hwd^/ he rydej. 
Sir Gawmjne and the Green Kniyht (E. E. T. S.),l. 714. 
fremescence (fre-mes'ens), . [< fremescent.~\ 
Noise suggestive of tumult. [Rare.] 
Rumour, therefore, shall arise ; in the Palais Royal, and 
in broad France. Paleness sits on every face ; confused 
tremor and fremescence; waxing into thunder-peals, of 
fury stirred on by fear. Carlyle, French Rev., I. v. 4. 
fremescent (fre-mes'ent), a. [< L. fremere, 
make a low noise, roar, growl, + inceptive ppr. 
term, -escent.] Very noisy and tumultuous; 
riotous; raging. [Rare.] 
Thuriot shows himself from some pinnacle, to comfort 
the multitude becoming suspicious, fre-tnescent. 
Carlyle, French Rev., I. v. 6. 
fremitus (frem'i-tus), . ; pi. fremitus. [< L. 
fremitus, a dull, roaring, humming, murmuring 
sound, < fremere, roar, hum, murmur, growl.] 
In med., palpable vibration, as of the walls of 
the chest. 
The so-called hydatid fremitu* . . . scarcely differs 
from the ordinary impulse communicated by fluid within 
any other kind of tumor. Coblwld, Tapeworms (1866), p. 63. 
Palpation of the chest probably reveals a. fremitus over 
the central portion of the chest. Med. News, LII. 290. 
Bronchial fremitus, that fremitus produced by the air 
passing through obstructed bronchial tubes. Friction 
fremitus, fremitus which is produced by the rubbing of 
roughened surfaces over each other, as of the pleural 
membranes in pleurisy. Vocal fremitus, that fremitus 
which is produced by utterance of sounds. 
Fremontia (fre-mon'ti-a), . [NL., named af- 
ter John C. Fremont, ah American explorer.] 
A genus of plants, of a single species, F. Cali- 
f arnica, a common shrub upon the dry hills of 
California, known as California slippery-elm. 
It has lobed leaves, and conspicuous flowers with a bright- 
yellow petaloid calyx, and is now introduced into cultiva- 
tion. It is closely related to the hand-flower tree (Chiran- 
thodendron) of Mexico, and the two genera have been 
placed sometimes in the Malvaceae, sometimes in the Ster- 
culiacece ; but they have recently been separated to form 
the order Chiranthodendreae. 
frent, frennet, Apparently a poetical per- 
version offremd. 
frena, n. Plural of frenum. 
frenate (fre'nat), a. [< frenum + -ate 1 .'] In 
entom., provided with a frenulum: applied to 
the posterior wings of a lepidopterous insect 
when they are provided with a bristle by which 
they can be attached to the anterior wings. 
French, (freuch), . and n. [< ME. Frenehe, 
Freiiscli, Frensc, Frenkiscli, rarely Franche, < 
AS. Freneise, French, i. e., Fraukish, < Franca, 
Frank, + -isc, -ish. The term, -ish is similarly 
contracted in Dutch, Scotch, and Welch, now 
usually ll'elnh. Cf. F. Franeais, OF. Francois, 
Francliois, earlier Franceis (fern. F. Francaise, 
OF. Francoise, Franchoise, earlier Franeesche) 
(> MLG. fmntzos, fransois, a., frantzoser, fran- 
soiser, n., = MH&.franzois,franzeis, &.,franzoy- 
ser, franzoysaire, n., G. franzos-isch, a., franzos, 
f ramose, n.,=Sw.fransysk; cf. D.fransch, Dan. 
Sw.fransk, equiv. in form to E. Prankish) = Sp. 
Frances = Pg. Frances = It. Francese, < ML. 
*Francensis, Francesus, French, < Francus, a 
Frank, + -ensis, whence the common E. patrial 
term. -ese. Thus E. French is etymologically 
Frank-ish, and F. Franqais is *Frank-ese.~\ 1. 
a. 1. Pertaining to France, a country of west- 
ern Europe, or to its inhabitants. Often ab- 
breviated Fr. 
2372 
the nouns. French fall. Same as falling-band. 
French grass, green, honeysuckle, hood, horn, jas- 
mine, etc. See the nouns. French measles. Same as 
rubella. French merino, a very fine twilled woolen 
but is now produced elsewhere. French mixture, ;i otf 
bolized solution of codeine. French morocco, mus- 
tard, nut, ocher, pie, pitch, plum, polish, etc. s,-i> 
the nouns. French porcelain, French pottery, pmve- 
lain and pottery made within the limits of France. See 
porcelain and patten/. French poxt. syphilis. French 
purple. See purple. French quilting. See y,/.yi/. . 
French red, rouge. French roof. See roof. French 
sixth. See sixth. French spoliation claims. See 
spoliation. French tuning. See/)( tuniiuj, under tun- 
in;/. French twill, a variety of French merino of infe- 
rior fineness but great durability. French varnish, 
white, willow, etc. See the nouns. French weed, in 
Jamaica, the Commelyna Cayennensis, a species of day- 
flower. To take French leave, to depart without cere- 
mony or notice ; hence, to disappear under suspicious cir- 
cumstances ; elope : as, a defaulting cashier takes French 
leave. 
I felt myself extremely awkward about going away, not 
choosing, as it was my first visit, to take French leant, and 
hardly knowing how to lead the way alone among so many 
strangers. Mme. D'Arblay, Diary, II. 199. 
You are going to quit me without warning French 
leave is that British conduct? 
Bulwer, What will he Do with it? i. 10. 
II. . 1. The language spoken by the peo- 
ple of France. French is parallel with Provencal, 
Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Wallachian, and minor dia- 
lects, called together the Romance languages, being de- 
scended from the Latin as spoken by the Romans and the 
peoples of the various provinces whom they brought un- 
der their dominion, mingled with the Celtic and Teutonic 
tongues with which Latin was thus brought in contact. 
(See Romance.) French means ' the language of the Franks, ' 
a Teutonic people merged with the mixed races of Gaul, 
who received the Frankish name (the country being thence 
called France), but retained their Romanic speech, the 
Franks and other Teutonic tribes, and later the Northmen, 
accepting the speech of the people they conquered. It 
is divided chronologically into Old French and modern 
French, the former extending from the ninth century to 
the fourteenth, or, with the convenient inclusion (as usual- 
ly in this dictionary) of what is specifically called Middle 
French, to the sixteenth century. Old French existed in 
frenzical 
The Frenchman, first in literary fame 
(Mention him, if you i'lr:i-i . \ .>lt:iire? The same). 
Cowper, Truth, 1. 303. 
2. A French ship. 
French-tub (french'tub), . A mixture of the 
protochlorid of tin and logwood, used in dyeing. 
Frenchwoman (fronch'wum'an), M.jpLj'VwiM- 
womcn (-wim"en). A woman of the French 
Q. Mar. I cry you mercy, madam ; was it you ? 
Dueh. Was't I? yea, I it was, proud Frenchwoman. 
Shak., -2 Hen. VI., i. 3. 
Frenchy (fren'chi), a. and n. [< French + -#!.] 
I. a. Having a characteristic or exaggerated 
French manner, appearance, or sound: gener- 
ally used in a depreciatory sense : as, a Frenchy 
gesture ; a Frenchy tune. [Colloq.] 
A theatrical and French;/ tone. 
The Congregptionalist, Jan. 6, 1887. 
II. n. A Frenchman. [Colloq. and familiar.] 
The squires had begun by calling him Frenchy. 
Mitts Yonge, Stray Pearls, p. 62. 
frendt, See friend 
frenesyt, . An obsolete form of frenzy. 
frenetic, frenetical (fre-net'ik, formerly fren'- 
e-tik, fre-net'i-kal), a. [< OF. frenetique, F. 
frenetique = Pr. 'frenetic = Sp. frenetieo = Pg. 
Sometimes he shuts up, as in frenetick or infectious 
diseases. Hilton, Church-Government, ii. 
Thether came Isabel!, the Frenehe Queue, because the 
King her husband was fallen into hys old frenetical des- 
ease. llatl, Hen. V., au. 7. 
2. Frenzied; frantic. 
In his tnrovfes frenetike and madde. 
Chaucer, Troilns, v. 206. 
Also spelled phrenetic, phrenetical. 
frenetically (fre-net'i-kal-i), adv. [< frenetic, 
q. v.] In a frenetic or frenzied manner ; fran- 
tically. Also spelled phrenetically. 
rly frenzies, w 
lects. The most important were the dialect of the ile de 
France, which, as the "French of Paris," has become the 
modern literary French ; and that of Normandy, the JV'or- 
///"/' or A'orman French, which, transferred to England 
at the Conquest and there developed (as Anglo-French), 
gave much to and took much from the English, and was 
finally displaced by the mixed English speech thus formed. 
(See Em/luh.) By later borrowing from French, or from 
the Latin on the French model, the Romanic part of the 
English vocabulary is now to a great extent nearly identi- 
cal with that of French. As the most central and highly 
developed of the Romance dialects, French began, in the 
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, to take the place of 
Latin as the general language of diplomacy, polite society, 
and commerce. Its importance in this respect has much 
diminished in the present century. It is now drawn upon 
by other languages chiefly for terms of fine art, dress, and 
cookery. The use of accents as a customary part of French 
orthography began in the seventeenth century ; they now 
form a rigid artificial system, often a guide to pronuncia- 
tion, and reflecting generally, but with numerous excep- 
tions, previous etymological conditions of the words con- 
cerned. Regarded as a Romance language, French is re- 
markable for its departure from the Latin type. In its 
vowel and consonant system (notably in its nasal vowels), 
its sweeping contractions, and its general destruction of 
final sounds or syllables, with the retention in many cases 
of these lost sounds in spelling, it differs markedly from 
other Romance tongues. 
And Frensch sche spak fill faire and fetysly, 
After the scole of Stratford atte Bowe, 
For Frensch of Parys was to hire unknowe. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T. (ed. Morris), 1. 124. 
2. Collectively, the people of France. 
Let Euclid rest, and Archimedes pause, 
And what the Swede intends, and what the French. 
Milton, Sonnets, xvi. 
Thank love for my blindness ; who cannot see many a 
fair French city, for one fair French maid that stands in 
myway. Shak., Hen. V., v. 2. Frenchify (fren'chi-fi), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
2. Foreign; from a distant or foreign land; 
hence, strange ; uncommon ; rare. [Prov. Eng.] 
In the Sheffield dialect french means " foreign. " A new 
kind of American knives would be called french Com- 
pare with this the different meanings of Welsh. 
N. and Q., 7th ser., IV. 251. 
French asparagus. See asparagus. French berry. 
Same as Amman berry. See berr/il. French blue. 
Same as artificial ultramarine (which see, under ultra- 
marine). French bole. See bales, 1. French brace 
an angle-brace. French cambric, a very fine variety 
of cambric used for handkerchiefs and similar things. 
French canvas, a variety of grenadine used for ladies' 
dresses and very durable. Diet, of Needleuvrk. French 
chalk, cotton, cowslip. See the nouns. French 
crown, (a) A piece of French money. 
It is no English treason to cut French crowns; and, to- 
morrow, the king himself will be a clipper. 
Shak., Sen. V., iv. 1. 
(!>) Baldness produced by what was called the French dis- 
ease (morbus Oallicus). Hence used with equivocation 
Schmidt. 
Some of your French crowns have no hair at all and 
then you will play bare-faced. Shak., M. N. D., i. 2. 
French daisy. See d aitn/. French dlseaset.syphilis. 
French duck, Encyclopedia, euchre, fake, etc. See 
frennet, See/re. 
frentict, a. An obsolete form of frantic. 
frentivet, a. [ME.: see frentic = 
Having the mind disordered ; frantic. 
Item, in ye same chirge [St. Peter's at Home] on the 
right side is a pilour that was somtyme off Salamons tem- 
Kle, at which pylour our Lord was wont too rest him whan 
e preched to ye peple, at which peloiir, if ther any be 
frentyf or made or troubled with spyrittes, they be de- 
luered and made hoole. Arnold's Chronicle, p. 145. 
frenula 1 (fren'u-la), n.; pi. frenula (-le). [NL., 
dim. of L. frenum, q. v.] In anat., a small fre- 
num. Alsofrcenula .- Frenula lingulse, a small pro- 
cess extending from the posterior lamelltc of the lingula 
toward the middle peduncles of the cerebellum. 
frenula 2 , n. Plural of frenulum. 
frenular (fren'u-liir), a. [< frenula + -ar^.] 
Of or pertaining to the frenulum : as, a frenu- 
lar bristle. 
frenulum (fren'u-lum), n. ; pi. frenula (-la). 
[NL.,dim.of L./raim, q.v.] 1. Inanat.,same 
as frenum or frenula. 2. In lepidopterous in- 
sects, a strong, elastic, sometimes double bris- 
tle on the upper edge of the secondary wing, 
near its base. It can be drawn through a hook on the 
under side of the primary, and serves to lock the wings 
together. The frenulum is wanting in nearly all butterflies 
which do not fold the secondaries when at rest. Morris. 
Also spelled frasnulnm. 
Frenulum cerebri, a median ridge running down from 
the corpora quadrigemlna on to the valve of Vienssens. 
Frenulum pudendl, a transverse fold within the poste- 
rior commissure of the vulva ; the fourchette, commonly 
ruptured in the first parturition. 
(-na). [L., 
Before the Conquest they misliked nothing more in 
King Edward the Confessor than that he was Frenchified, 
and accounted the desire of forraine language then to be 
a foretoken of the bringing in of forraine powers, which 
Indeed happened. Camden, Remains, Languages. 
Has he familiarly 
Dislik'd your yellow starch, or said your dublet 
Was not exactly Frenchified! 
Fletcher (and another), Queen of Corinth, i. 1. 
Frenchiness (fren'chi-nes), n. The quality of 
being Frenchy in aspect, manner, expression, 
etc. 
There is, I must say, a Frenchiness about Ledru that I 
own makes me tremble. 
Quoted in Wiko/'s Reminiscences of an Idler, p. 531. 
Frenchman (french'man), n. ; pi. Frenchmen 
(-men). [< ME. Frenehe man (= D. fransman 
= Q.franzmann = Dsin.franskmand=Sw.frans- 
man): see French and man.] 1. A man of the 
French nation; a native inhabitant of France, 
or one belonging to the French race. 
'., or bridle of the tongue. See 
below. 2. In entom., a strong membrane or 
chitinous ridge extending from the scutellum 
to the base of each anterior wing. It is promi- 
nent in the cicadas and some other insects. 
Frenum clitoridis, a fold connecting the glans clitoridis 
with the labium minus on eitherside. Frenum eplglot- 
tidis. See epiglottis. Frenum labii inferioris, frenum 
labli superioris, a fold of mucous membrane which ties 
the under and upper lip, respectively, to the gums in the 
median line. Frenum linguae, a fold of the mucous 
membrane of the mouth, which binds down the under side 
of the tongue, and sometimes requires to be cut from too 
great restriction, or from extension too far forward, caus- 
ing the subject to be tongue-tied. Frenum preputil, 
a fold of skin connecting the foreskin with the meatus 
urinarius. 
frenzical (fren'zi-kal), a. [< frenz-y + -ic-al. 
Cf . fransical.] Partaking of frenzy. 
The frenzical disposition of her [Vanessa's] mind 
Orrery, On Swift, ix. 
