freshness 
Let but some new desire give play to a ijuite different 
set of organs, and the mind runs after it with as much 
AvMfMM and eagerness as if it had m-ver done anything. 
.1. Tuckfr, Light of Nature, I. i. 0. 
\\'e . . . ran 
]iy ripply shallows of the lisping lake, 
Delighted with the fn:*lun-m ami the sound. 
Triiiiiixiiii. Edwin .Morris. 
fresh-newt, Unwonted; unpractised. 
For the love 
ill' tins P'.MI- infant, this fre*h-wir seafarer, 
I would it would he quiet. S/iak., Pericles, iii. 1. 
fresh-run (fresh'run), d. 1. Just from the sea ; 
having recently run up a river, as a salmon. 
2. Anadromous in general, as a fish. 
fresh-shot (frosh'shot), . [Appar. a perver- 
sion of freshet, as if it meant, in this instance, 
fresli water allot out into the sea.] The dis- 
charge of fresh water from any great river into 
the sea, often extending to a considerable dis- 
tance from the mouth of a river. Imp. Diet. 
fresh-sophomore (fresh'sof'o-mor), . One 
who enters college in the sophomore year, hav- 
ing made the studies of the freshman year else- 
where. Also, abbreviated, fresh-soph. [U.S.] 
I was a Fresh-Sophomore then, and a waiter in the Com- 
mons' hall. Yale Lit. Mag., XII. 114. 
fresh- water (fresh'wa"ter), a. 1. Pertaining 
to, yielding, produced by, living in, or situated 
on water that is fresh or not salt: as, fresh- 
water deposits; fresh-water fish. 
As I have heard that, somewhere in the main, 
Fresh-water springs come up through bitter brine. 
Tennyson (ed. 1833), Sonnets, ii. 
2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only, as 
on lakes and rivers : as, a fresh-water sailor. 
3. Kaw; untrained: as, "fresh-water soldiers," 
Rnolles Fresh- water cod. See cod2._ Fresh- water 
fox, an English name of the common carp, alluding to its 
supposed cunning. Fresn-water herring, a local Eng- 
lish name of the whiteflsh, Coregoma clujieuides. Fresh- 
water marsh-hen, a name of Rallus elegans, the king- 
rail of the. United states. Fresh-water mussels, the 
Uniimidat, as distinguished from the MytilidtK or marine 
mussels. Fresh-water shrimp, a name of the Gamma- 
rus pulex, not a true shrimp. Fresh-water soldier, the 
Stratiotes aloides, a European aquatic plant with sword- 
shaped leaves. 
freshwoman (fresh'wum"an), n. ; pi. fresh-wo- 
men (-wim"en). An assumed feminine correla- 
tive of freshman in the academical sense. 
Mother, you do intreat like & fresh-woman ; 
'Tis against the laws of the university. 
MUdleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2. 
fresison (fre-sl'son), . The mnemonic name 
now usually given to that mood of the fourth 
figure of syllogism which, when it is considered 
as belonging to the first figure, is called frise- 
somorum (which see). It is also called fretvrimn. 
The/ signifies that the mood is to be reduced' to ferio ; 
the two s's, that the premises are both to be converted 
simply in the reduction ; while the three vowels show the 
quantity and quality of the three propositions, namely : 
e, universal negative ; i, particular affirmative ; o, particu- 
lar negative. 
fresk (fresk), n. A dialectal variant of frosk. 
Fresnel lantern, lens. See the nouns. 
Fresnel's surface of elasticity. See ware-sur- 
face and elasticity. 
fret 1 (fret), v. ; pret. and pp. fretted, ppr. 
fretting. [Early mod. E. also frette, and with 
orig. long vowel freet,freat; < ME./rcte (pret. 
fret, freet, /rate, pi. freten, frceten, pp. freten, 
fret), < AS. fretan (pret. frost, pi. fraston, pp. 
freten), eat up, devour (hence frettan, pret. pi. 
frctton, eat up), = D. vreten = MLG. vreten, 
LG. freten = OHG. frezzan, MHG. vrezzen, G. 
fressen (Sw. frata, corrode, is borrowed) = 
Goth, fraitan (pret. fret, pi. fretun), eat up, de- 
vour, < Goth, fro-, = AS. for-, E. for-i, etc., + 
Goth, item = AS. etan, E. eat, etc. : see /or- 1 
and eat. Fret 1 is thus equiv. to a syncopated 
form of *fnr-eat, and the reg. mod. form would 
befreat; the short vowel is perhaps due to the 
preterit fret (like eat, pret. of eat) and the influ- 
ence of the other words spelled/re<. With fret 
of AS. origin is now thoroughly confused in 
form and sense another verb of diff. origin, 
namely, < OF. fretter, another form of froiter, 
F. f rotter = Pr. fretar = It. frettare, rub, chafe, 
fray, fret, < L. as if "frictarc, freq. of fricare, 
pp../ rictus, rub : see friction, and et.frot, /rote.] 
1. trans. If. To eat up ; devour. 
Elde, whieh that al c&n frete .and bite, 
As it hath f retcii [var. froten] mony a noble storie. 
Chaucer, Anelida and Arcite, 1. 12. 
They sawe lygge in theyr looke legges & armes, 
Fayre handes & feete freaten too the bonne. 
Mi xii under of Macedoine (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1159. 
2. To eat into; gnaw; corrode. 
Verniyn Crete 
That the synful men sal ^na%v and/rete. 
llampole, Prick of Conscience, 1. 6596. 
2375 
It costith greet to use a synne 
That is clepid foule Ennye, 
For itfretith man with-inne; 
Bodi & soule it dooth distroie. 
Hijmni to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 66. 
Like as it were a moth/retWii.'/ a garment. 
Bonk of Common J'rayer, Ps. xxxix. 12. 
Rich robes are fretted by the moth. 
tt'in-tlxinirth, The Egyptian Maid. 
3. To wear away; fray; rub; chafe: as, to fret 
cloth by friction ; to fret the skin. 
By starts, 
His /retted fortunes give him hope and fear. 
Shak.,A. audC.,iv. 10. 
They would, by rolling up and down, grate and fret the 
object metal, and fill it full of little holes. 
Newton, Opticks. 
Aided by Its burden of detrital matter, the river fret* 
away the rocks along its banks, and thus tends to widen its 
channel. Huxley, Physiography, p. 134. 
4. To make rough; cause to ripple; disturb; 
agitate: as, to fret the surface of water. 
Mountain pines . . . fretted with the gusts of heaven. 
Shak., M. of V.,iv. 1. 
5. To chafe painfully or vexatiously; irritate; 
worry; gall. 
Whan man hath that complexion, 
Full ... of dredes and of wrathfull thought, 
He fret him selven all to nought. 
Qower, Conf. Amant., III. 98. 
Fret not thyself because of evildoers. Ps. xxxvii. 1. 
Because thou hast . . . fretted me in all these things; 
... I also will recompense thy way upon thine head. 
Ezek. xvi. 4S. 
This Wretch has fretted me that I am absolutely decay'd. 
Congreve, Way of the World, iii. 5. 
As a man who had once sinned, but who kept his con- 
science all alive and painfully sensitive by the fretting ol 
an nnhealed wound, he might have been supposed safer 
within the line of virtue than if he had never sinned at 
all. Ilawthonie, Scarlet Letter, xviii. 
To fret one's gizzard. See gizzard. =Syn. 5. To vex, 
provoke, nettle. 
II. intrans. 1. To be worn away, as by fric- 
tion ; become frayed or chafed ; be wearing out 
or wasting. 
No Wooll is lesse subiect to mothes, or to fretting in 
presse, then this. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 161. 
"Twas a commodity lay fretting by you: 
'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas. 
Shak., T. of the S., ii. 1. 
Yonr satin sleeve begins to fret at the rug that is under- 
neath it. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1. 
Of a new Rainbow, e'er it fret or fade, 
The choicest Piece took out a Scarf is made. 
Cowley, Davideis, ii. 
2. To make way by attrition or corrosion. 
By this salve, the sore rather festered and rankled than 
healed up, and the sedition thereby fretted more and more. 
Holland, tr. of Livy, p. 2-28. 
Had the Leprosie of your sins so fretted in my Walls 
that there was no cleansing them but by the flames which 
consume them? Stilling fleet. Sermons, I. i. 
Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with 
great excoriation. Wiseman. 
3. To be worried ; give way to chafed or irri- 
tated feelings ; speak peevishly and complain- 
He frets like a chaf'd lion. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, v. 3. 
Ah, monarchs ! could ye taste the mirth ye mar, 
Not in the toils of glory would ye fret ; 
The hoarse dull drum would sleep, and man be happy yet ! 
Byron, Childe Harold, i. 47. 
He knows his mother earth ; he frets for no fine cradle, 
but lies tranquilly and composed at her feet. Landor. 
4. To be in commotion or agitation, as water; 
boil, bubble, or work as in fermentation ; hence, 
to work as angry feelings ; rankle. 
That diabolical rancour that frets and ferments in some 
hellish breasts. South, Sermons. 
In vain our pent wills fret. 
And would the world subdue. 
M. Arnold, Empedocles on Etna. 
Ales intended to be stored some months should have a 
porous vent peg placed in the shive to keep the ale from 
fretting, and save the head of the cask from being blown 
out. Encye. Brit., IV. 275. 
To fret in, in wine-making, to combine one wine with 
another. =Syn. 3 and 4. To chafe, fume. 
fret 1 (fret), w. [<.fret, v.] 1. A wearing away, 
abrasion, or corrosion. 2. A place worn or 
abraded, as by friction. 
Freates be in a shaft as well as in a bowe. and they be 
much like a canker, creepinge and encreasinge in those 
places in a bowe which be much weaker than other. 
Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 156. 
3. In med. : (a) Chafing, as in the folds of the 
skin of fat children, (o) Herpes; tetter. 4. 
In mining, the worn side of a river-bank, where 
ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by 
being washed down the hills, and thus indicate 
to the miner the locality of the veins. Webster. 
5. A state of chafing or irritation, as of the 
fret 
mind, temper, etc.; vexation; jin^-cr: :is, lie 
keeps himself in a continual //'/. 
Yet then did Dennis rave in furi-m* '/>'. 
Papt, I'rol. to satires, 1. 153. 
The weariness, the fever, and the.//< ' 
Here, where men sit and hear eaeh other irru;tn. 
Ki'itt*. i>'le t.i a Nightingale. 
6. The agitation of the surface of a fluid, as 
when fermenting or boiling; a rippling on the 
surface, as of water; a state of ebullition or ef- 
fervescence, as of wine. 
And if it ferment not at all, it will want that little fret 
which makes it grateful to most palates. 
KmhjH, Aphorisms concerning Cider. 
Of this river the surface is covered witli froth and bub- 
bles; for it runs along upon the fret, and is still breaking 
against the stones that oppose its passage. 
Addiion, Travels in Italy. 
Those humours, tart as wines upon the fret, 
Which idleness and weariness beget. 
Cowper, Retirement, 1. 701. 
7t. A flurry. 
About ten in the morning, in a very great fret of wind, 
it chopt suddenly into the W. 
Winthrup, Hist. New England, I. 22. 
8. A glass composition, composed of silica, 
lime, soda, borax, and lead, used as a glaze by 
potters. 
fret 2 t (fret), v. t. [< ME. frettcn, < AS. fret- 
wian, usually with (e, fra-twian, fraitwan, frait- 
tewian = OS. fratalion, adorn, ornament ; cf . 
Goth, us-fratwjan, make wise (Gr. ooQifctv). 
Somewhat confused in meaning with fret 3 , 
v. t."] To adorn; ornament; set off. 
Ne juwel frette ful of riche stones. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1115. 
Alle hir fyue fyngres wcore frettet with rynges, 
Of the preciousest perre that prince wered euere. 
Piers Plowman (A), ii. 11. 
In a long purple pall, whose skirt with gold 
"Was fretted all about, she was arayd. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. ix. 37. 
fret 2 t (fret), n. [ME. fret ; < frefl, .] A caul 
of silver or gold wire, sometimes ornamented 
with precious stones, worn by ladies in the mid- 
dle ages. Fairholt. 
A fret of golde she hadde next her heer. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 215. 
fret 3 (fret), n. [< OF. frete, f., an iron band, a 
ferrule, frete, frette, f., a lozenge, pi. frettcs, a 
grating (> Sp.frctes, frets, in heraldry) (vt.fret, 
n., a hoop, collectively cross-bars, twigs for 
making baskets, cages, etc.), appar. syncopated 
from *ferrette, n., It. f errata, ferriata, the iron 
grating of a window, an iron railing, < ML. fer- 
rata, an iron grating, < fcrrare (V.ferrer = It. 
ferrarc), bind with iron,< li.ferrum, iron: see 
ferrous, farrier. Cf. ./Ve< 2 .] 1. A piece of in- 
terlaced or perforated ornamental work. 
About the sides shall run a fret 
Of primroses. Drayton, Al uses' Elysium, ii. 
The hook she bears 
Of thine own carving, where your names are set, 
Wrought underneath with many a curious fret. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 
2. A kind of or- 
nament much 
employed in 
Grecian art and 
in sundrymodi- 
ficatipns com- 
mon in various 
other styles, it 
is formed of bands 
or fillets various- 
ly combined, fre- 
quently consist- 
ing Of continuous from the Parthenon, above cella fneze ; 
lines arranged In * ' 
rectangular forms. Sometimes called key ornament. 
Beautiful works and orders, like the frets in the roofs 
of houses. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 228. 
3. In her., a charge consisting of two bendlets 
placed in saltier and inter- ,_ _, 
laced with a mascle. Also call- 
ed true-lover's knot and Har- 
Dlamond Fiets. 
, from Church of Retaud, France ; 6 t from 
Lincoln Cuthcclr.'tl, England. 
Heraldic Fret. 
rington knot. 
Diamond fret, 
in arch., a mold- 
ing consisting of 
flllets intersect- 
ing one another, 
so as to form dia- 
mondsor rhombs, 
or of other com- 
binations of dia- 
