fri; 
wit 
frigot 
And indeed, it is much better to lie sneh a henpecked 
ri;/ot (sic errure) than idwiiys to bu rucked :md tortured 
ith the grating surmises of suspicion and jealousy. 
Ki-uiirt, tr. of Erasmus's Praise of Folly, p. 28. 
frijole (Sp. pron. fre-hol'), n. [Sp. frijol, fre- 
jl, also frivol, frisuelo = Cat. fasol, French 
Dean, kidney-bean, < \j.faseolnn,pl>uscolus, kid- 
ney-bean: see fasel' 2 and pliascolus.] The com- 
mon name in Mexico for the cultivated bean of 
that country, which forms an important staple 
of food. 
The Mexicans were also skilful makers of earthen pots, 
in which were copked the native beans called by the Span- 
ish frijoles, and the various savory stews still in vogue. 
E. B. Tylor, Encyc. Brit., XVI. 213. 
frijolillo (Sp. pron. fre-ho-le'lyo), re. [Mex. 
Sp., dim. of Sp. frijol: see frijole.] The Lon- 
chocarpus latifolius, a leguminous tree of Mex- 
ico and the West Indies. 
friket, a. See/recfc 1 . 
frilalt.w. [Cf./nK2.] A border of ornamental 
ribbon, mentioned as in use in 1690. Fairholt. 
frill 1 (fril), v. i. [< OF. friller, shiver with 
cold, < frilleux, chill, cold of nature, F. frileux, 
chill, < ML. as if *frigidulosus, < L. frigidulus, 
somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus, cold: see fri- 
gid.] To shiver with cold, as a hawk or other 
frill 1 (fril), re. [(friin, v.] A shivering with 
cold, as a bird ; the ruffling of a bird's feathers 
when shivering with cold. 
frill 2 (fril), n. [A particular use of frilfl-, n., a 
border of this kind being likened to the ruf- 
fling of a bird's feathers when it shivers with 
cold: see frilfl, n.] 1. A narrow ornamental 
bordering made of a strip of textile material, 
of which one edge is gathered and the other 
left loose, as in a narrow flounce; a ruffle. 
His frill and neckcloth hung limp under his bagging 
waistcoat. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, I. 284. 
Did he stand at the diamond door 
Of his house in a rainbow frill} 
Tennyson, Maud, xxiv. 
Hence 2. Anything resembling such a bor- 
der. 
How delicate thy gauzy frill! 
How rich thy branching stem ! 
E. Elliott, To the Bramble Flower. 
Specifically (a) The projecting fringe of hair on the 
chest of some dogs, as the collie. 
The Pomeranian dog is employed as a sheep-dog, for 
which he is fitted by his peculiarly woolly coat and ample 
frill, rendering him to a great degree proof against wet 
and cold. Dogs of Great Britain and America, p. 132. 
(&) Some fringing part or process of an animal, like a 
ruffle ; a frilling : as, the genital frills of a hydrozoan. 
Encyc. Brii., XII. 553. (c) In hymenomycetous fungi, a 
superior annulus or ring ; an aumilus formed of tissue 
suspended from the apex of the stipe and free at other 
points, at first forming a membranous covering for the 
hymenium, but detached as the pileus expands ; an ar- 
milla. (d) Inphotog., the swelling and loosening of a gela- 
tin film around the edges of a plate. fieefrill'2, v. 
3. An affectation of dress or of manner ; an air : 
usually in the plural : as, he puts on too many 
frills, [Colloq., U. S.] Frill pattern, in ceram., 
a pattern made of separate small threads of slip laid side 
by side on the surface. See slip-decoration. 
frill 2 (fril), '. I<frill2,n.] J. trans. 1 . To f orm 
into a frill ; flute or plait : as, to frill a border 
in a dress. 
His long mustachoes on his upper lip, like bristles, 
fi-ill'd back to his neck. Rnolles, Hist. Turks, p. 516. 
2. To ornament with frills: as, to frill a child's 
garment Frilled lizard. Same as frill-lizard. 
II. intrans. To become frilled or ruffled. Spe- 
cifically, in photography, said of the gelatin film of a dry 
plate when in course of the development, from too high 
temperature of the water or other cause, it rises from the 
glass in ruffles, which may be sufficiently extended to de- 
stroy the picture, or even to cause the entire film to slip 
from the plate. 
frillback (fril'bak), n. One of a particular 
breed of domestic pigeons. 
frilling (fril'ing), re. [Verbal n. of frill?,.] 1. 
Frills; ruffles; gathered strips in general. 2. 
In photog. , a ruffling up or loosening of the film 
of a gelatin-emulsion plate. It appears during the 
development or fixing of the negative, and may be guarded 
against by the use of alum in the fixing-bath, or of ice in 
the water used for washing. 
frill-lizard (fril'liz'ard), n. The Anglo-Aus- 
tralian name of a lizard of the genus Chlamy- 
dosaurus (which see). C. kingi has a crenate mem- 
brane-like ruff about its neck, which it elevates when ir- 
ritated or frightened. It is said sometimes to walk on 
its hind legs alone, a very unusual mode of progression 
among existing reptiles. Also called frilled lizard. See 
cut in next column. 
frim (frim), a. [< ME. fry-in, < AS. freme, a 
secondary form of fram, from, bold, forward, 
strenuous, strong, etc.: see from, adv., and cf. 
frame, v.] Flourishing. [Prov. Eug.] 
2 OR 2 
Frill-lizard (Chlamydosattrus 
My plenteous bosom strow'd 
With all abundant sweets ; my frim and lusty flank 
Her bravery then displays, with meadows hugely rank. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, xiii. 397. 
Frimaire (fre-mar'), re. [F., (frimas, hoarfrost, 
rime, < OF.frimer, freeze: referred, doubtfully, 
to Icel. hrim = AS. h-rim, rime: see rime?.] 
The third month of the French revolutionary 
calendar (see calendar), beginning, in the year 
1793, on November 21st, and ending Decem- 
ber 20th. 
frindt, An obsolete form of friend. 
frine (frin), v. i. ; pret. and pp. frined, ppr. 
frining. [< Sw. dial, fryna = Norw. fro'yna, 
make a wry face ; cf . Sw. dial, fiina ODan. 
fline, make a wry face. See frown, v.] To 
whine or whimper; fret. [North. Eng. and 
Scotch.] 
fringe (frinj), n. [< ME. fringe, frenge, < OF. 
"fringe (not found, but inferred from F. dial. 
frinche, It. dial, frima, ML. fringia), another 
form of OF. frange, F. frange = It. frangia = 
Sp. Pg. franja (cf. D. frangie, frame = MLG. 
frenae = MHG. frame, G. franse = Sw. frans = 
Dan. fryndse, a fringe, < F.); appar. the same, 
with unexplained deviation of form, as Pr. 
fremna = Wallachian frimbie, < LL. ftmbria, a 
border, fringe, L. pi. fimbrire, fibers, threads, 
shreds, fibrous part, fringe: see Jimbria.] 1. 
An ornamen- 
tal bordering .jma T1W 
formed of ~-"* -ai& _-iTi^L- 
short lengths 
of thread, 
whether loose 
or twisted, or 
of twisted 
cord more or 
less fine, vari- 
ously arranged or combined, projecting from 
the edge of the material ornamented. Fringe may 
consist of the frayed or raveled edge of the piece of stuff 
ornamented, but it is generally of other material, often 
made very solid and ponderous, the cords being of tightly 
twisted silk or of gold or silver thread of considerable 
thickness and length. 
She shaw'd me a mantle o' red scarlet, 
Wi gouden flowers and fringes fine. 
Alison Gross (Child's Ballads, I. 168). 
Orl. Where dwell you, pretty youth ? 
Ron. With this shepherdess, my sister; here, in the skirts 
of the forest, like fringe upon a petticoat. 
Shnk., As you Like it, iii. 2. 
The objection was not to the dress-trimming which has 
been known as fringe for above five hundred years, but 
to a mode of dressing the hair which concealed the fore- 
head, by the front hair being cut short and falling over 
it after the fashion of fringe. N. and Q., 7th ser., III. 265. 
2. Something resembling a fringe; a broken 
border; any border or edging: as, & fringe of 
trees around a field, or of shrubs around a gar- 
den ; a, fringe of troops along a line of defense. 
And as she sleeps 
See how light creeps 
Through the chinks, and beautifies 
The rayey fringe of her faire eyes. 
Cotton, Song. 
That charity which bears the dying and languishing 
soul from the fringes of hell to the seat of the brightest 
stars. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 753. 
The great mainland is barbarian; the islands and a 
fringe of sea-coast are Greek. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 334. 
Specifically 3. In bot., a border of slender 
processes or teeth; a fimbria. 4. In optics, 
one of the alternate light and dark bands pro- 
duced by diffraction. See diffraction. 5. In 
soiil., a row of closely set, even hairs on a mar- 
gin; specifically, in entom., the edging of fine 
even hairs on the wing of a butterfly or moth. 
Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. 
Fringillinae 
In some of the lower moths, as the Timidce, the fringe 
of the SL-fondnry is frequently wider than the winy itself. 
6. \npliotog., a thickened edge of inferior sen- 
sitiveness on the pouring-off margin of a sensi- 
tized plate Marginal fringes, m urn-ilk., the mem- 
branous borders or fringe-like processes along the toes uf 
sundry birds. 
fringe (frinj), v. 1. ; pret. and pp. fringed, ppr. 
fringing. [< fringe, .] To decorate with a 
fringe or fringes, whether by raveling the edge, 
as of cloth, or by sewing on ; border. 
They have pretty peecea of pretty coloured cloth . . . 
hanging from the middle of their forehead downe to their 
uoses, fringed with long faire fringe. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 69. 
The tumbling billows /rin^e with light 
The crescent shore of Lynn. 
0. W. Holmes, Agnes. 
Dear common flower, that grow'st beside the way, 
Fringing the dusty road with harmless gold. 
Lwbell, To the Dandelion. 
Fringed bog-bean. See boy-bean. Fringed gentian. 
See gentian. Fringing reef. See reef. 
fringe-backed (frinj'bakt), a. Having the back 
fringed, as a lizard, 
fringeless (frinj ' les), a. [< fringe + -less.] 
Having no fringe. 
fringelet (frinj'let), n. [< fringe + -let.] A 
small fringe. 
Each fringelet is a tube made of firm elastic membrane. 
Pop. Set. Mo., XXXI. 747. 
fringent (frin'jent), a. [(. fringe + -ent.] Fring- 
ing; encircling like a fringe. 
A shower of meteors 
Cross the orbit of the earth, 
And, lit by fringent air, 
Blaze near and far. 
Emerson, Dicmonic and Celestial Love. 
fringepod (frinj 'pod), . A name given in 
California to Thysanocarpus laciniatus, a crucif- 
erous plant with flattened, orbicular, winged 
pods, the margin of which is frequently lobed 
or fringed. 
fringe-tree (frinj'tre), n. The Chionanthus Vir- 
ginica, a small tree allied to the ash, found on 
river-banks in the United States, from Penn- 
sylvania to Texas, and frequently planted for 
ornament. It bears loose drooping panicles of white 
flowers, the long narrow petals of which suggest the 
name. It is sometimes used in medicine, especially in 
jaundice and fevers. Purple fringe-tree, the smoke- 
tree, Rhus Cotinus. 
Fringilla (frin-jil'a), n. [NL., < L. fringilla, 
&\sofrigilla and frig uilla, some small bird, sup- 
posed to be the chaffinch ; origin unknown ; pos- 
sibly, \ikeflnch 1 , q. v.,ult. imitative of the bird's 
note.] A Linnean genus of birds, the finches, 
once nearly conterminous with the modern fam- 
ily Fringillida!, and of no determinate limits : 
now usually restricted to such species as the 
chaffinch or common finch of Europe, F. coelebs, 
and considered typical of the family Fringil- 
lida;. See cut under chaffinch. 
fringillaceous (frin-ji-la'shius), a. [< Fringilla 
+ -aceous.] Pertaining to the finches or Frin- 
nilUdce; fringillif orm ; fringilline. 
Fringillidae (frin-jil'i-de), re. pi. [NL., < Frin- 
gilla + -idee.] A large and nearly cosmopoli- 
tan family of small seed-eating conirostral 
laminiplantar oscine passerine birds with nine 
primaries; the finches. It is not susceptible of exact 
definition, and is of fluctuating limits. The group has 
been made to include the larks (Alaudidce), which are 
scutelliplantar ; the weaver-birds (Ploceidce), which are 
10-primaried ; and to exclude the buntings (Emberizidce), 
which cannot be distinguished from the finches. The 
tanagers (Tanayridai) have been both included and ex- 
cluded. According to the present composition of the 
group, the buntings are included, the other birds above 
mentioned being excluded ; and the Fringillida! contain 
all the finches, buntings, grosbeaks, crossbills, sparrows, 
linnets, siskins, etc., which conform to the characters 
above given. There are some 600 nominal species, distrib- 
uted in upward of 100 so-called genera. No tenable sub- 
division of the family exists, though several have been 
proposed. The latest authority makes 3 subfamilies : 
Coccothraustinte, Fringttlince, and Kmberizince, or the 
grosbeaks, finches proper, and buntings. 
fringilliform (frin-jil'i-f6rm), a. [< TfL.fringil- 
Uformis, < Fringilla + L. forma, form.] Finch- 
like ; fringilline or fringillaceous. 
Fringilliformes (frin-jil-i-f6r'mez), n.pl. [NL.: 
see fringilliform.] In Sundevall's system of 
classification, a group of birds, the same as his 
Conirostres. 
Fringillinae (frin-ji-li'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Frin- 
gilla + -ina?.] A conventional subfamily of 
Fringillidae, having no definition, taking name 
from and including the genus Fringilla; the 
true finches. The most typical representatives of the 
subfamily have the nasal bones not produced beyond the 
line of the orbits, the mandibular angle slight, and the 
cutting edges of the bill apposed throughout or nearly so. 
See cut under chajflnch. 
