frowning 
That la to wete. i-ntii-r lone instede of hatred ; for bitter 
frouning, godly ioye & lightlies of hearte ; for discorde, 
peace. ' J. Udall. On l.uki- iii. 
Frowning is not tile expression of simple reflection , hmv- 
ever close, but of something difficult or displeasing en- 
countered in a train of thought or in action. 
Dai'iciu. ICxpivss. of Emotions, p. ^iM. 
frowning-clotht, Same as frontlet, 2. Nares. 
The next day I coinniing to the gallery, where shee was 
solitarily walking with livrfi-otniiii'i cloth, as sieke lately 
on the sullens. byly, Euphues and his England. 
frowningly (frou'ning-li), adv. In a frowning 
manner; sternly; with an aspect of displeasure. 
HUM. What, look'd \\efroieninglyl 
Hot: A countenance more in sorrow than in anger. 
Shak., Hamlet, i. 2. 
frowny (frou'ni), a. [< frown + -yl.] Given 
to frowning; scowling. 
Her/rowni/ mother's ragged shoulder. Sir F. Palgrave. 
frowsy, a. See frowzy. 
frowy (frou'i), a. [ Also /rowey, froirie; appar. 
< /row 2 + -y l . Cf. frowzy in a similar sense 
(def. 2).] 1. In ear/)., brittle and soft, as tim- 
ber. Bailey, 1727. 2. Musty; rancid; rank: 
as, frowy butter. [Obsolete or provincial.] 
But if they [sheep] with thy Gotea should yede, 
They soone myght be corrupted, 
Or like not of the/rowie fede. 
Spensrr, Shep. Cal., July. 
frowzily (frou'zi-li), adv. In a frowzy or shab- 
by manner. 
A hat or tile, also of civilization, wrinkled with years 
and battered by world-wanderings, crowned him frowzily. 
T. Winthrop, Canoe and Saddle, i. 
frowzy (frou'zi), a. [A.\so written frowsy, frou- 
sy. Cf. E. dial./roitse, rumple; froust, a musty 
smell; cf. also frowy.'] 1. In a state of dis- 
order ; offensive to the eye ; slovenly ; soiled ; 
dingy ; unkempt ; dirty : said especially of the 
dress or the hair. 
When first Diana leaves her bed, 
Vapours and steams her looks disgrace ; 
A/rowzi/ dirty-colour'd red 
Sits on her cloudy, wrinkled face. 
Swift, Progress of Beauty. 
See ! on the floor, what/row?*/ patches rest ! 
What nauseous fragments on yon fractured chest ! 
Crabbe, Works, I. 43. 
Hair very/row*y and brushed back from the forehead. 
Jour, of Education, XVIII. 389. 
The lazy, frowzy women, the worthless men, and idle, 
loafing boys of the neighborhood, gathered round to wit- 
ness the encounter. Howelln, Venetian Life, xv. 
2. Musty; rank; frowy. 3. Froward; pee- 
vish; surly. Halliteell. [Prov. Eng.] 
froytert, [Avar, olfraiter.] Same as fraiter. 
Concernynge the fare of their froyter 
1 did tell the afore partly. 
Boy and Barlow, Rede me and be nott Wroth, p. 83. 
froze (froz). Preterit of freeze^. 
frozen (fro'zn), p. a. [< ME. frosen (= Dan. 
frossen = Sw. fritsen), a later form (accom. to 
the pret. and inf. with s) of froreit, < AS. fro- 
ren, pp. otfre6san, freeze : see freeze 1 , and/rore, 
froren.] 1. Congealed by cold ; converted into 
or covered with ice. 
That kiss is comfortless 
As frozen water to a starved snake. 
Shak., Tit. And., iii. 1. 
Clothed with his breath, and looking, as he walk'd. 
Larger than human on the frozen hills. 
Tennyxon, Passing of Arthur. 
2. Cold; frosty; frigid; subject to severe frost : 
as, the frozen climates of the north. 
So violent was the wind (that extreame frozen tinte) that 
the Boat sunke. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 217. 
From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. 
Cowper, Expostulation, 1. 20. 
3. Chill or cold in manner ; void of sympathy ; 
wanting in feeling or interest ; chilling. 
They were solicitors of men to fasts . . . and as it were 
[to] conferences in secret with God by prayers, not framed 
according to the frozen manner of the world, but express- 
ing such fervent desires as might even force God to heark- 
en nnto them. Hooker, Ecclea. Polity, Pref., viii. 
And thou, a lunatic lean-witted fool, . . . 
Dar'st with thy frozen admonition 
Make pale our cheek. Shak., Kich. 11., ii. 1. 
She touch'd her girl, who hied 
Across, and begg'd and came back satisfied. 
The rich she had let pass with frozen stare. 
M. Arnold,, West London. 
4. Void of natural heat or vigor; numbed; 
hence, void of passion or emotion. 
Even here, where frozen chastity retires, 
Love finds an altar for forbidden fires. 
Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 1. 181. 
These three made unity so sweet, 
My frozen heart began to beat, 
Remembering its ancient heat. 
Tennyson, Two Voices. 
2393 
frozenuess (fro'zn-iu-s;, . The state of being 
frozen. 
Soon return to that frozeiinexx which is hardly dissolved. 
Bp. Gauden, Hieraspistis, p. 486. 
F. R. S. An abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal 
Society. See royal. 
Her children first of more distinguish'd sort. 
Who study Shakspeare at the Inns of Court, 
Impale a glow-worm, or vertii profess, 
Shine in the dignity of F. R. S. 
Pope, Dunciad, iv. 570. 
frubt, v. t. [Short form of frubish, suggested 
perhaps by rub.] To rub or furbish. Halli- 
well. 
frubbert, . A rubber. Davies. 
Well said, f rubber, was there no souldier here lately ? 
Chapman, Widow's Tears, v. 2. 
frubisht, frubbisht, > t. Transposed forms of 
furbish. Beau, and Fl. 
fructed (fruk'ted), a. [< L. fructus, fruit, + 
-ed%.] In her., bearing fruit ; shown as cov- 
ered with fruit : said of a tree or other plant, 
and used only when the fruit is of a different 
tincture from the rest : as, an oak-tree proper 
fructed or (that is, having the foliage green and 
the acorns gold). 
Whether the statement as to Worcestershire bowmen 
bearing as their badge at Agincourt a pear tree fructed 
rests upon good authority. A", and Q., 7th ser., V. 106. 
fructescence (fruk-tes'ens), . [= Sp. Pg. fruc- 
tescencia, < L. fructus, fruit, -f -escence, incep- 
tive noun termination.] Thefruiting of a plant; 
also, the time when the fruit of a plant attains 
maturity ; the fruiting season. 
fructicist (fruk'ti-sist), n. [< L. fructus, fruit, 
+ -c-ist.] A botanist who founds classification 
upon points of resemblance and difference in 
fruits. Also called fructist. 
But in the second edition of his Methodus (1703) he [RayJ 
followed Rivinus and Tottrnefort in taking the flower in- 
stead of the fruit as his basis of classification ; he was no 
longer Afructiciit but a corollist. Encyc. Brit., XX. 301. 
fructiculose (fruk-tik'u-los), a. [< NL. as if 
*fructiculosus, < *fructiculus, dim. of L. fructus, 
fruit: see fruit.] In bot., producing much 
fruit ; loaded with fruit. Soaker. 
Fructidor (P. pron. fruk-te-d6r'), . [P., < L. 
fructus, fruit, + Gr. 6>pov, a gift.] The twelfth 
month of the French republican calendar (see 
calendar), beginning, in 1794, on August 18th, 
and ending September 16th. 
fructiferous (fruk-tif'e-rus), a. [= P. fructi- 
f&re = Sp. fructifero = Pg. fructifero = It.frut- 
tifero. < L. fructifer, < fructus, fruit, + ferre = 
E. bear 1 .] Bearing or producing fruit. 
Some experiments may be fitly enough called luciferous, 
and others fructiferous. Boyle, Works, III. 423. 
fructifiable (fruk'ti-fl-a-bl), . [< fructify + 
-able.] Capable of bearing fruit. Dames. 
Say the fig-tree does not bear so soon as it is planted, 
. . . but now it is grown fructijiable. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 178. 
fructification (fruk // ti-fi-ka'shon), n. [= P. 
fructification = Sp. fructificacion = Pg. fructi- 
ficaq&o = It. fruttificazione, < LL. as if "fruc- 
tificatio(n-), <.fructificare, bear fruit: see fructi- 
fy.] 1. The act of forming or producing fruit; 
the act of fructifying ; fecundation. 
Rain water, appearing pure and empty, is full of seminal 
principles, and carrieth vital atoms of plants and animals 
in it, ... as may be discovered from several insects gen- 
erated in rain water [and] from the prevalent fructifica- 
tion of plants thereby. Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., iii. 21. 
As soon as the flower [Cephalanthera grandifiora] is 
fully fertilized, the small distal portion of the labellum 
rises up, shuts the triangular door, and again perfectly 
encloses the organs of fructification. 
Darwin, Fertil. of Orchids by Insects, p. 82. 
2. Specifically, in bot. : (a) The production of 
fruit by a plant ; fruiting. (6) The result of 
fruiting ; the fruit of a plant, (c) The organs 
concerned in the process of fruiting; the pistils 
or female organs which develop into the fruit. 
That part of the cane which shoots up into t}\e fructifi- 
cation is called by planters its arrow, having been proba- 
bly used for that purpose by the Indians. 
Grainger, Sugar Cane, i., note. 
fructiflcative (fruk'tt-fi-ka-tiv), a. [= Pg. 
fructificativo ; as fructification + -we.] Ca- 
pable of fructifying. 
Where fructiflcative and purely propagative generations 
of hions proceed alternately from one another, it is also 
quite natural to speak of alternating generations. 
De Bartj. Fungi (trans.), p. 125. 
fructify (fruk'ti-fi), v. ; pret. and pp. fructified, 
ppr. fructifying. [< ME. fructifien, fructefien, 
also frutefien, < OF. fructifier, fructefier, P. 
fructifier = Sp. Pg. fructificar = It. fruttificare, 
frugality 
< LL. fructifivare, bear fruit, < ]-,. fnn-tu.i, fruit. 
+ facere, make.] I. iiitranx. To bear or pro- 
duce fruit. 
Applying 1 ( 'iii tuinkcs. u.it losynge our tyme, 
M&yfructifye and go forwarde here in yooti doynge. 
Babecs Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 337. 
In respect of that their wickednesse, which suruiued 
them, and hath fructified unto vs. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 95. 
Not forgetting to regret that any gentleman's cultiva- 
tion of logic should fructify in the shape of irrepressible 
tendencies to suicide. /'. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 344. 
II. trans. To make fruitful ; render produc- 
tive ; fertilize : as, to fructify the earth. 
Let a man, out of the mightiness of his spirit, fructify 
foreign countries witii his blood, for the good of his own, 
and thus he shall be answered. 
Beau, and Fl., King and No King, ii. 1. 
fructiparous (fruk-tip'a-rus), a. [< L. fructus, 
fruit. + parere, produce.] In bot., producing 
an abnormal number of pistils or fruits from a 
single flower. [Rare.] 
fructist (fruk'tist), . [< L. fructus, fruit, + 
-1st.] Same as fructicist. 
fructose (fruk'tos), . [< i,. fructus, fruit, + 
-osc.~\ In chem., sugar of fruit, or levulose 
(CgHjoOg). It is found in honey and sweet fruits, and 
is one of the products of the inversion of cane-sugar. It 
usually exists as a colorless syrup, but can be crystallized. 
It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, and polarizes to 
the left. Also called fruit -suyar and chulai~iose. 
fructual (fruk'tu-al), a. [< L. fructus, fruit, 
+ -al.~\ Fruitful. Davies. [Rare.] 
It is fructual ; let it be so in operation. It gives us the 
fruit of life ; let us return it the fruits of obedience. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 362. 
fructuary (fruk'tu-a-ri), n.; pi.fructuaries(-nz). 
[< L. fructiiarius, of or belonging to fruit, LL. 
and ML. of or belonging to the use or profits, 
usufructuary, < fructus (fructu-), fruit: see 
fruit.'] One who enjoys the produce or profits 
of anything. 
fructuation (fruk-tu-a'shon), . [< L. fructus, 
fruit, + -ation.] Produce; fruit. 
Knowing with what superabundant population the first 
fructuation of an advancing society is loaded. 
Pownall, Study of Antiquities (1782), p. 60. 
fructUOUSt (fruk'tu-us), a. [< ME. fructuous 
(also frutuose), <"OF. *fructueux, F. fructuenx 
= Pr. fructuos = Sp. Pg. fructuoso = It. frut- 
tuoso, < L. fructuosus, abounding in fruit, fruit- 
ful, < fructus (fructu-), fruit: see fruit.] 1. 
Fruitful ; fertile ; productive. 
Beth/rMctw8, and that in litel space. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Parson's Tale, 1. 73. 
Wei may that Lond be called delytable and zfructuoui 
Lond, that was bebledd and moysted with the precyouse 
Blode of cure Lord Jesu Crist. Mandeville, Travels, p. 3. 
2. Causing fertility. 
If water were of the oun nature fructuoug, it must needs 
follow that it self alone, and at all times, should be able 
to produce fruit. Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 812. 
So rich the soil, 
So much does fntctuoux moisture o er-abound. 
J. Philips, Cider, i. 
fructuouslyt (fruk'tu-us-li), ode. [< ME. fruc- 
tiiouslye; < fructuous + -ly 2 .] In a fructuous 
or fruitful manner; fruitfully; fertilely. 
Who so ever prechithe fructuouslye the worde of God, 
lie winithe the fadir, and biyith Crist. 
Gegta Romanoruitl, p. 233. 
fructuousnesst (fruk'tu-us-nes), . The state 
or quality of being fructuous or fruitful ; fruit- 
fulness ; fertility. Imp. Diet. 
fmcturet (fruk'tur), . [< L. fructus, fruit, + 
-re.] Use; fruition; enjoyment. 
frugal (fro'gal), a. [< OF. frugal, F. frugal = 
Sp. Pg. frugal = It. frugale, < L. frugalis, eco- 
nomical, frugal, also pertaining to fruits, (.frux 
(frug-), usually in pi. fruges, the fruits of the 
earth, produce of the fields ; used in dat. sing. 
friigi (lit. ' for fruit' or 'for food ') as adj., use- 
ful, fit, frugal ; from the same source as fructus, 
fruit: see fruit.] 1. Economical in use or ex- 
penditure; avoiding unnecessary expenditure 
either of money or of anything else which is to 
be used or consumed ; sparing; not prodigal or 
lavish. 
No man than hee more frugal of two pretious things in 
mans life, his time and his revenue. Milton, Hist. Eng., v. 
Though on pleasure she was bent, 
She had a frugal mind. Cowper, John Gilpin. 
2. Characterized by or indicating economy. 
Pinching and paring he might furnish forth 
A frugal board, bare sustenance, no more. 
Broiming, Ring and Book, I. 65. 
= Syn. Choice, careful, chary, thrifty. 
frugality (fro-gal'i-ti), . [< P. frugality = Sp. 
friii/aliaad = Pg. frugalidade = It. frugalita, < 
L. frugalHa(t-)s, economy, thriftiness, temper- 
