Frustum of a Cone. 
frustule 
//.] 1. A small fragment. [Rare.] 2. The 
silicious shell of a diatom; a testule. it con- 
sists of two valves, one somewhat larger than the cither, 
and closing over it like the lid of a box. The back of each 
valve is called the side of the frustule ; the surface marked 
Ipy the line of juncture, the front. See cut under l>iuti>- 
frustulent (frus'tu-lent), a. [< L. frustuleiitus, 
full of small pieces, ('j'nixtiim. a small piece : see 
f i- nut n HI. ~\ Abounding in fragments. [Rare.] 
frustlllose (frus'tu-los), a. [< LL. frustulim/, \\ 
small piece : evfru8tnle.~] In bot., consisting 
of small fragments or frustulcs. 
frustum (frus'tum), n. ; pi. frusta, frustums (-ta, 
-tumz). [< ii. frustum, apiece, bit, apart. Cf. 
Gr. 8/>ava-6c, broken, brittle, ff/mvofta, a frag- 
ment, < Opavetv, break in pieces.] 1. Apiece; 
particularly, a remaining piece of something 
of which a part is lacking, as the drum of a 
column. " 
She minced the sanguine flesh in irttxtmit* fine. 
Crabbe, Works, IV. 154. 
Athens had a great temple on the Acropolis, contempo- 
rary with these, and the frusta of its columns still remain. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Arch., I. 242. 
2. In geom., the part of a solid next the base, 
left after cutting off the top part by a plane par- 
allel to the base ; or the part of 
any solid between two planes, 
which may be either paral- g! , 
lei or inclined to each other: 
as, the frustum of a cone, of 
a pyramid, of a conoid, of a 
spheroid, or of a sphere. The 
frustum of a sphere is any part com- 
prised between two parallel sections ; 
and the middle frustum of a sphere is 
that whose ends are equal circles. In the figure the dot- 
ted line, c, indicates the part of the cone cut off to form 
the frustum, /. 
frutaget (fro'taj), . See fruitage. 
frutescence (frij-tes'ens), n. [< frutescen(t) 
+ -ce.] Shrubbiness. [Rare.] 
frutescent (frij-tes'ent), a. [Short for "fruti- 
eeseent, < L. fruticescen(t-)s, ppr. of fruticescere, 
put forth shoots, sprout, become bushy, < fru- 
tex (frutic-), a shrub, bush.] In bot., having 
the appearance or habit of a shrub; shrubby, 
or becoming shrubby: as, a, frutescent stem. 
frutex (fro'teks), n. ; pi. frutices (-ti-sez). [L., a 
shrub, a bush.] Inbot., a shrub; a plant having 
a woody, durable stem, but smaller than a tree. 
fruticalt (fro'ti-kal), a. [< L. frutex (frutic-), 
a shrub.] Of the nature of a shrub ; shrubby. 
This shrubbe or frutical plant [shrubby trefoil] hath 
. . . many singular and excellent vertues contained in it. 
Gerard, Herball, p. 1129. (Latham.) 
fruticantt (fro'ti-kant), a. [< L. frutican(t-)s, 
ppr. offruticare, alsofruticari, put forth shoots, 
sprout.'become bushy, < frutex (frutic-), a shrub, 
bush.] Full of shoots. 
These we shall divide into the greater and more cedu- 
ous, fruticant, and shrubby. Evelyn, Sylva, Int. , 3. 
frutices, . Plural of frutex. 
Fruticicola (fro-ti-sik'o-la), . [NL., < L. 
frutex (frutic-), a shrub, + colere, inhabit.] 
In Macgillivray's system of classification, a 
genus of saxicoline birds, differing little from 
Saxicola, and including such species as the 
whinchat and stonechat, called by him bmti- 
chats. 
fruticose (fro'ti-kos), a. [< L. fruticosua, 
shrubby, bushy, < frutex (frutic-), a shrub, a 
bush.] 1. Pertaining to shrubs ; shrubby : as, 
& fruticose stem. 2. In lichenology, having the 
thallus attached only by a narrow base, from 
which it ascends in a branching, shrub-like 
form. 
They [green bodies] may consist of isolated cells, or 
groups of cells, as in most fruticose or foliaceous lichens. 
Bessey, Botany, p. 301. 
fruticous (fro'ti-kus), a. Same as fruticose. 
fruticulose (frp-tik'u-los), a. [< NL. fruticn- 
lus, dim. of L. frutex (frutic-), a shrub.] Grow- 
ing like or resembling a small shrub. 
frutifyt, ''. t. [In form suggesting fructify, 
ME. fruetifien, frutefyen.~\ In the following 
passage used for notify : a humorous blunder. 
The Jew having done me wrong, doth cause me, as my 
father, being I hope an old man, shall frut ify unto you . 
Shak., M. of V., ii. 2. 
frutryt, n. Seefruitery. 
fry 1 (fri), . ; pret. and pp. fried, ppr. frying. 
[< ME. fryen, frien, < OF. frire, F. frire = Pr. 
frir, fregir = Sp. freir = Pg. frigir'= It. frig- 
gere, < L. frigere, roast, parch, fry, = Gr. <j>pv- 
ytiv, parch, = Skt. \/ bhrajj, roast.] I. trans. 1. 
To dress by heating or roasting with fat in a 
pan over a fire; cook and prepare for eating 
in a frying-pan : as, to fry meat or vegetables. 
2307 
Off fryed metes be ware, for they ar fumose in dedc. 
Rabecs Kauk (E. E. T. S.), p. 148. 
One of these cocks of the mountain shall be fried, since 
gridiron is not. 7". \\iutltriiit. Canoe and .Saddle, viii. 
2. Figuratively, to vex ; agitate. 
Whether she walks, or sits, or stands, or lies, 
Her wretched self still in her self she/rtejt. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, i. 218. 
3f. To heat; parch; render torrid. [Rare.] 
For Africa, had not the industrious Portugals ranged 
her vnknowne parts, who would haue sought for wealth 
;minngst those fried Regions of blacke brutish negars? 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II. 181. 
To have other fish to fry. See jishi. 
II. intrans. 1. To be subjected to heat in a 
pan containing fat over a fire ; hence, to suffer 
a frying effect from great heat ; simmer as if 
in bubbling fat. 
In his owene grece I made hymfrye 
For anger, and for verray jelousie. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 487. 
My blandishments were fewel to that fire 
Wherein liefry'd. Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. 
Earth and seas in fire and flame shall fry. 
B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1. 
As well might Men who in a Fever fry 
Mathematick Doubts debate. 
Cowley, The Mistress, The Incurable. 
2f. To ferment, as in the stomach, or, figura- 
tively, in the mind ; undergo a seething process. 
To keep the oil from frying in the stomach. Bacon. 
That [the Kettell] indeed he allowed equally to be dis- 
tributed, and that was halfe a pint of wheat, and as much 
barley boyled with water for a man a day, and this hav- 
ing fryed some 26. weekes in the ships hold, contained as 
many wormes as graines. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 164. 
What kindling motions in their breasts Aofry. 
Fairfax. 
3f. To be agitated ; boil. 
Ye might have seene the frothy billowes/r?/ 
Under the ship, as thorough them she went. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. xii. 45. 
fryl (fri), .; pi. fries (friz). [< fry\ .] 1. 
That which is fried ; a dish of anything fried. 
This came from 
The Indies, and eats five crowns a day in fry, 
Ox-livers, and brown paste. 
Jasper Mayne, City Match, iii. 1. 
2. A state of mental ferment or agitation : as, 
he keeps himself in a constant fry. 
fry 2 (fri), n. [< ME. fry, seed, offspring, < Icel. 
frjo, fr<e = Sw. Dan. fro, seed, = Goth, fraiie, 
seed. The F. frai, formerly fray, fraye, spawn- 
ing, spawn, young fish, means also wear, being 
the verbal n. of frayer, rub, wear ; of fishes, 
milt (see fray 2 ) ; it is thus quite unrelated to 
the E. word.] If. Seed; offspring: especially 
with reference to human beings. 
Noe, to the, and to al tliifry 
My blyssyng graunt I. 
Toumeley Mysteries, p. 24. 
That seaventy Exiles with vn-hallowed Frie 
Couer the face of all the World well-nigh. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Lawe. 
2. A swarm, as of children or any small ani- 
mals, now specifically of little fishes; a num- 
ber of small or insignificant objects : often used 
in contempt. 
And them before the fry of children yong 
Their wanton sportes and childish mirth did play. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. xii. 7. 
Whose poisonous spawn 
Ingenders such &fry of speckled villainies. 
Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, ii. 2. 
What &fry of fools are here ! 
Beau, and Ft., Coxcomb, i. 2. 
A great frit of young children. 
Kennett, MS. Lansdowne, 1033. (Halliwell) 
To sever . . . the good flsh from the other fry. Milton. 
In particular 3. The young of the salmon or 
of trout at a certain stage of their develop- 
ment. 
Salmon ova are obtained from the rivers Doou, Stinchar, 
and Minnock, and the frjf turned again into these rivers 
when about six weeks old. Encyc. Brit., XXI. 226. 
Small fry, small or young creatures collectively, as young 
babies or children ; persons or things of no importance. 
We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty 
xmallfry. U. Walpole. 
fry 3 (fri), n. ; pi. fries (friz). [E. dial.; origin 
obscure.] If. A kirfd of sieve. Mortimer. 2. 
A drain. Halliwell. 
fryer (fri'er), n. [</ryl + -!.] 1. One who 
or that which fries. 
Hardly had the snoring of the snorers ceased, when the 
frying of the fryers began. 
T. Wlnthrop, Canoe and Saddle, vi. 
2. A bird, a fish, or the like, intended or suita- 
ble for frying. Compare roaster. 
Keen and quiet fire told upon the fryer, the first course 
nf the feast. T. Winthmp, Canoe and Saddle, viii. 
Fuchsia 
fryery (fri'er-i), . ; pi. fryeries (-iz). [< /n/1 
+ -ery.] A place where articles of food are 
fried and sold. [Rare.] 
< Opposite the old bread woman was a greasy fritter bak- 
ery, orfri/ery, which was a centre of attraction. 
Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 668. 
frying (fri'ing), M. [< ME.fryynge, friiiige, ver- 
bal n. of fryen, frimi, fry.] The act of dress- 
ing with fat by heating or roasting in a pan 
over a fire. 
This zenne [sin] is the dyeueles panne of helle, huerinne 
he maketh his friinges. 
Ayenbite of Inuryt (E. E. T. S.), p. 23. 
frying-pan (fri'ing-pan), w. [< W&.friyngpan, 
J'i'i/i/iigpan, fryyngepann ; < frying + pan.\ A 
shallow pan, commonly of iron, with a long 
handle, used for frying meat and vegetables. 
The cooks were no base scullions ; they were brethren 
whom conscious ability, sustained by universal suffrage, 
had endowed with the frying-pan. 
T. Winthrop, Canoe and Saddle, vi. 
Out Of the frying-J>an Into the flre, a proverbial ex- 
pression employed with reference to one who, in trying 
to extricate himself from one evil, falls into a greater. 
Lovers used to fry with love, whereas now they have 
got out of the frying-pan into the fire. 
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 344. 
F. S. A. An abbreviation of Fellow of the So- 
ciety of Antiquaries (London). 
ft. A common abbreviation of foot or feet: as, 
12ft. 
fu, foo (fo), n. [Chinese /w.] In China, a pre- 
fecture or department. It comprises several hien, 
and is in charge of an officer styled a chih-fu (which see). 
As a terminal syllable in Chinese place-names, the word 
may denote either a department or the chief city of a de- 
partment: as, Chang-sha-/w, Fu-chow-/oo. 
fu' (fo), a. A Scotch form otfulfl. 
fuaget, n. Seefeuage. 
fuar (fu'ar), n. Same anfeuar. 
fub 1 (fub), r. t. ; pret. and pp. fiibbed, ppr. fub- 
bing. [Another form of /oft 1 , q. v.] 1. To 
cheat ; impose upon ; snub. 
I do profess 
I won't hefubb'd, ensure yourself. 
H". Cartwright, The Ordinary, iv. 4. 
2. To steal ; pocket ; get possession of. 
My letter fubb'd too, 
And no access without I mend my manners? 
All my designs in limbo? 
Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, ii. 2. 
To fub Off, to evade by a trick ; put off by a pretense. 
I ... havebeen/M)e<?oj7;and/M>fo/, from this day 
to that day, that it is a shame to be thought on. 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., ii. 1. 
fub 2 t, fubst (fub, fubz), . [E. dial. ; origin ob- 
scure.] A plump, chubby young person. 
The same foule deformed fubs. 
Rub and a Great Cast (1614), Ep. 44. 
fubberyt (fub'er-i), n. [</&! -I- -ery.~\ The act 
of cheating; deception. 
O Heaven ! fubbery, fubbery! 
Marston and Webster, Malcontent, i. 3. 
fubby, fubsy (fub'i, -zi), a. [</& 2 , /&*,+ -yi.] 
Plump; chubby. 
They [the boys of Fiammengo] are fubby. 
Nichols, Lit. Anecdotes, IX. 339. 
Seated upon the widow's little fubsy sofa. 
Marryat, Snarleyyow, I. viii. 
fubst, n. See fub 2 . 
Fucacese (fu-ka'se-e), n. pi. [NL., < Fucus + 
-acete-l A group of coarse olive-green seaweeds 
belonging to the Oosporeai. The plants are attached 
by a disk-like base from which the fronds arise, usually 
branching dichotomously, and often provided with air- 
bladders. The group is characterized by the production 
of numerous antherozoids in sacs and oospores, 1 to 8 in a 
mother-cell, both organs being contained in conceptacles 
immersed in the frond, and produced hermaphroditely or 
diceciously. (See cuts under conceptacle and antheridium.) 
The group is widely diffused. Its principal representa- 
tives in northern latitudes are the species of Fucus or 
rock-weed. (Seecutunder Fucus.) In the southern hemi- 
sphere, especially on the Australian coast, the forms are 
varied and curious. Sargaxsum is the genus whose float- 
ing forms characterize the Sargasso sea. 
fucaceous (fu-ka'shius), a. Pertaining to or 
having the characters of the Fucacece. 
fucate (fu'kat), a. [< L. fucatus, painted, col- 
ored, disguised, pp. offucare, paint, color, dye, 
rouge, < fucus : see fucus.'] Painted ; disguised 
with paint; hence, disguised in any way; dis- 
sembling. 
For in vertue may be nothing fucate or counterfayte. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, iii. 4. 
fucated (fu'ka-ted), a. Same as fucate. 
fuchs (fpks), H. [G., = E./ozi.] In German 
universities, a student of the first year ; a fresh- 
man. Compare burnt fox, under burnt. 
Fuchsia (fu'shia or fok'si-a), n. [NL., named 
by Plumier (1703) in honor of the German bot- 
anist Leonhard Fucks (1501-66). The name 
