fund 
I wait last night visited by a friend of mini*, who ha.- an 
inexhaustalile fund of discourse, mill never fails to cntci 
tain his company with a variety of thoughts and luni- 
that are altogether new and uncommon. 
A<l'l/*/i, Adventures of a shilling. 
Tom -s severity gave her a certain fund, of detianrr. 
Georye KIM, Mill on the Floss, v. 5. 
(iiraldus Camhrensis had a ./'MI/I/ of humour and clever 
in >s that is as noteworthy as his extensive reading. 
HtiiMn, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 120. 
Alimentary fund, sec oHmmtor*. Company fund, 
in tdf I niled Mates tinny, the savings arising from the 
economical use of the rations of a rompany, placed in the 
hands of the company commander, and used only for thr 
benefit of the enlisted men of the company. Consoli- 
dated funds. -Sec <>,t*<>ti<l<ifi'>l. In funds, in pox-cssion 
of available means or resources. In the fundt, at bot- 
tom. Dliri'-*. 
1 know madam does fret you a little now and then, that s 
true ; but in the fund she is the softest, sweetest, gentlest 
lady breathing. >'//./. Ptntinigw, Confederacy, iv. 
On or out of one's own fundt, on one's own account. 
1)" ries. 
The translating most of the French letters gave me as 
much trouble as if I had written them out of unj turn fund. 
TOM Bruirn, Works, I. 171. 
I took to him for his resemblance to you, hut am grown 
to love him upon his own f uml. Waluole, Letters, II. 130. 
Post fund, in the United States army, the savings from 
the allowance of flour at a post bakery, used to defray the 
expenses of the bakery, for the purchase of garden-seeds, 
and for the support of post schools, etc. Public funds, 
securities issued by a government in return for loans, at 
a fixed rate of interest, and usually for a definite term of 
years, in the form of negotiable or transferable bonds of 
different amounts. Often called simply the funds. Regi- 
mental fund, in the United States army, 60 per cent, of 
the post fund, after deducting the expenses of the bak- 
ery, divided pro rata among the regiments represented by 
companies at the post, and paid over to the several regi- 
mental treasurers for the maintenance of the bands. 
Sinking-fund, a fund formed by a government or cor- 
poration for the gradual " sinking," wiping out, or reduc- 
tion of its debt, by various devices for the accumulation 
of money. (See/MHrfl, v., 2, end.) The first sinking-fund 
was established by Sir Robert \Valpole in England in 1716. 
- The funds, originally, in Great Britain, the product of 
particular taxes, as customs, excise, stamp, etc., pledged 
by the government for the payment of particular loans 
and the interest on the same ; now, the national or public 
debt, or the stocks which represent it : as, to have money 
in the funds. See consols, and consolidated funds (under 
consolidated). 
fund 1 (fund), v. t. [<fundl, .] 1. To collect 
and accumulate ; store. [Rare.] 
Strata of soil fitted to retain heat and fund it, or to dis- 
perse it and ami it. De Quincey, Herodotus. 
2. To convert (a floating debt) into capital or 
stock, or in to a more or less permanent debt, rep- 
resented by bonds for definite sums, bearing in- 
terest at a fixed rate, and commonly redeemable 
within a fixed period of years. That part of the 
indebtedness of a government or corporation which is 
payable immediately or soon, so that early provision for 
payment must be made or forbearance obtained, is called 
the floating debt. To fund such an indebtedness is to 
cancel it by inducing the creditor to take in its place 
obligations having considerable time to run, and issued, 
in convenient portions or shares, in the form of interest- 
bearing bonds or certificates available to the holder as 
marketable securities ; or by procuring a fresh loan on the 
issue of such obligations, and using the proceeds to pay off 
the floating indebtedness. To refund a debt is to repeat 
this process when the time obtained by the funding ex- 
pires. The funded debt of a body politic or corporate is 
the aggregate of the debt thus provided for. It is approxi- 
mately the same in amount aa the old debt, unless it is 
increased, as is often the case, by including in it the ex- 
penses of funding, or by issuing the obligations below 
par. The funded debts of governments are spoken of as 
the public funds, and the securities issued are spoken of 
as stocks or bond*. Such securities, when issued by cor- 
porations, are usually spoken of in the ("nited States as 
bonds (the word stocks being applied to shares, which do 
not represent the debt of a corporation, but ownership 
in it), and in Great Britain as bftnds or debentures. With 
the funding of a debt is frequently coupled the creation 
of a sinking-fund for its redemption. See sinking-fund, 
under/i*m/l, n. 
fund 2 !, v. * [ME. fnnden, an earlier form of 
founden, strive, go: see/wrf 5 .] Togo; pro- 
ceed. 
N'a linger durst I for him lette, 
But forth y funded wyt that free. 
Ale Yyod on ay .Vounday (Child's Ballads, I. -2~:,). 
fundable (fun'da-bl), a. [< fnn<n + -able.] 
Capable of being funded or converted into a 
fund ; convertible into bonds. 
fundal (fim'dal), a. [< fundus + -all Per- 
taining to the fundus : as, fundal attachments. 
fundament (fun'da-ment), . [< ME. f n n d(i- 
ment, fundeaient, also fondemrnt, fiiimdemeiit 
(see found me nt), < OF. fwndemeut, fondcim /. 
P. fondement = Pr. fnndameii, fundament = Sp. 
Pg. fundamento = It. fondaniento, < L. funda- 
mentum, foundation, groundwork, base, bottom, 
< fundare, found, < fiiiidim, the bottom: see 
fund 1 mtAfowuP.] If. Foundation; fonnd- 
ment. 
Unnethe thefundrnitmt. 
Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 403. 
2. The anus : the vent ; the perineal region. 
fundamental (l'un-da-iiien'tal),.aiid. [=F. 
fundamental = Sp. Pg. fuiiiliini/ n/iil = It. fonda- 
nn'ittiilc, < ML. *fuii(l<iini iilnliH (in adv. finiilii- 
mi'iiliilitcr), < lA.fHiidaiiii'iitum, foundation: see 
j'itiidautcHt.~] I. a. Pertaining to the founda- 
tion ; serving as or being a component part of 
a foundation or basis; hence, essential ; impor- 
tant; original; elementary: AS, a fundamental 
truth or principle; n fundamental law. 
And this I take to lie a great cause that hath hindered 
the progression of Iraniini:, because these ///.///.. ntul 
knowledges have been studied but in passage. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
The law of nature is the only law of laws truly and prop- 
erly to all mankind fundamental, the beginning and the 
end of all government. Milton, Free Commonwealth. 
When we apply the epithet fundamental either to re- 
ligion in general or to Christianity in particular, we are 
supposed to mean something essential to religion or Chris- 
tianity. Waterland, Works, VIII. 88. 
The most fundamental and .far-reaching effect of .Roman 
conquest was the decomposition of primitive ideas, po- 
litical and social, legal and religious. 
J. Fixke, Evolutionist, p. 257. 
Fundamental bass, in music : (a) See fundamental, n. , 2. 
(b) The low tone generated by the tones of a chord. Also 
called fundamental note. Fundamental cells, fun- 
damental tissue, in bot., typical or essentially unchanged 
parenchyma-cells, and the tissue formed of such cells, 
such as is found in pith, the pulp of leaves and fruit, etc. 
Fundamental chord. See chord, 4. Fundamental 
color, color-sensatipn. See the nouns. Fundamental 
propositions, in loyic, certain propositions from which 
other propositions can be immediately proved, but which 
can themselves be subordinated to no other propositions. 
-Fundamental scale of a system of invariants or con- 
comitants, an asyzygetic set of such invariants or con- 
comitants. J. J. Sijlwster, 1853. The idea is Cayley's. 
Fundamental tone. See fundamental, n., 2. Funda- 
mental truths, beliefs constituting the foundations and 
elementary ingredients of every act of knowledge and 
thought. Fundamental units, a system of units from 
which all others can be derived. In the centimeter-gram- 
second system, the centimeter, gram, and mean solar sec- 
ond are taken as the fundamental units. = Syn. Primary, 
first, leading, original, essential, indispensable, necessary, 
requisite, important. 
II. n. 1. A leading or primary principle, rule, 
law, or article, which serves as the ground- 
work of a system ; an essential part : as, the 
fundamentals of the Christian faith. 
For the laws of England (though by our charter we are 
not bound to i IK-HI, yet) our fnniiamentals are framed ac- 
cording to them. Wlnthrop, Hist. New England, II. 351. 
High speculations are as barren as the tops of cedars ; 
but the fundamentals of Christianity are fruitful as the 
valleys or the creeping vine. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 68. 
Their fundamental is, that all diseases arise from re- 
pletion. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, iv. 0. 
2. Intsc: (a) The root of a chord. (6) The 
generator of a series of harmonics. Also called 
fundamental baxx, note, or tone. 
fundamentally (fun'da-men-tari-ti), n. The 
state or quality of being fundamental ; essen- 
tiality. 
When he ftnds antiquity and universality combined with 
fundamentality, the conclusion is inevitable, and in pro- 
portion as he finds the evidence of each of those three 
conditions is it plainly legitimate. 
Gladstone,, Church and State, vii. 
fundamentally (fun-da-men'tal-i), adv. In a 
fundamental manner; primarily; originally; 
essentially ; at the foundation ; as regards fun- 
damentals. 
Fundamentally defective. Burke. 
That which fundamentally distinguishes the slave is 
that he labours under coercion to satisfy another's de- 
sires. H. Spencer, Man vs. State, p. 34. 
fundamentalness (fun-da-men'tal-nes), n. 
Fundamentally. 
fundatiqnt (fun-da'shon), . [< L. fundatio(n-), 
foundation: see foundation.'] The act of find- 
ing or providing. 
The first whereof is the fundation of dowrie, viz. two 
hundred denarij. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 215. 
fundatrixt, n. [< ML. fundatrix, fern, of fun- 
dator, a founder: see founder^.] A foundress. 
The fundatrix' purpose was wondrous godly, her fact 
was godly. 
Bp. Jiidlry, in Bradford's Works (Parker Soc. , 1853), II. 371 . 
funded (fun'ded), a. [</nrfl + -effi.'] 1. Ex- 
isting in the form of bonds bearing regular in- 
terest ; constituting or forming part of the per- 
manent debt of a government or corporation at 
a fixed rate of interest: as, & funded debt. See 
On the 31st of December, 1(597, the publick debts of 
Great Britain f united and unfunded amounted to 21,515.- 
74-^. 13s. 8 l-2il. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, v. 3. 
The nation had an enormous funded debt and a depre- 
ciated currency. Q. S. tferriam, S. Bowles, II. 88. 
2. Invested in public funds : as, funded money. 
funder (fun'der), H. 1. One who is in favor 
of funding a debt or debts, or of providing a 
funebrial 
sinking-fund I'm' the gradual extinction of debt. 
Specifically 2. In I'. X politim, from about 
1878 onward, a Virginian who was in favor of 
funding and paying the entire debt of the State 
(less the quota properly fulling upon West Vir- 
ginia), in distinction from a so-called read- 
just cr, who advocated the repudiation of a part 
of the debt. 
fund-holder (fund'holMer), ii. Aii owner of 
government stock or public securities. 
Would you tax the property of tlte. fund-holder! No, no 
minister has yet been either blind or abandoned enough 
to attempt it. 
Fox, Speech on the Assessed Tax Bill, Dec. 14, 177. 
Tax on fundhntdfn, in respect of profits arising from 
annuities payable out of any. public revenues. 
S. Douvll, Taxes in England, III. 111. 
fund! (fun'di), H. [Native African.] A kind of 
grain allied to millet (the Paspalum exile), much 
cultivated in the west of Africa, it is light and 
nutritious, and has been recommended for cultivation as 
food for invalids. Also called fvndanyi and hungry rice. 
funding (fun'ding), n. [Verbal n. of fund 1 , i'.] 
The act or process of converting a floating debt 
into a funded debt. See fund 1 , v. t., and debt. 
Funding system, a system or scheme for funding, usual- 
ly including a sinking-fund for the payment of principal, 
and a pledge of specific portions of the income of the state 
or company for the payment of interest meanwhile. See 
fundi,v. t. 
The funding system, they say, is in favor of the moneyed 
interest oppressive to the land : that is, favorable to us, 
hard on them. Ames, Works, I. 104. 
fundlCSS (fund'les), a. [</Mrfl + -less.'] With- 
out funds. 
fund-monger (fund'mung"ger), n. An opera- 
tor or speculator in the public funds. [Bare.] 
Importing that the present civil war has been got up by 
jobbers, swindlers, nnAfundmongrm. 
New York Tribune, June Ii, 18tii 
fund-mongering (fund'mung"ger-ing). n. Tlie 
act or practice of operating or speculating in 
the public funds. [Bare.] 
Thoroughly imbued with . . . hostility to perpetual 
debts suitl fund-mongering. A r . A. liev., CXLIII. 510. 
Fundulina (fun-du-li'nii), n. pi. [NL., < Fmi- 
dulus + -iwa 2 .] 'In Gfiinther's ichthyologieal 
system, a subgroup of Cyprinodoiitidai carnivo- 
re, in which the anal fin of the male is not modi- 
fied into an intromittent organ, and all the teetli 
are pointed. It includes the subfamily Fmidu- 
lina; and other cyprinodonts. 
Fundulinae (ftin-du-li'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Pun- 
dulus + -i<c.] A subfamily of Cyiirinodonti- 
da;, typified by the genus Fundulus, compris- 
ing cyprinodont fishes with dentary bones nor- 
mally united, a short intestinal canal, teeth 
fixed and pointed, and the anal fin of the male 
not provided with a rigid intromittent organ. 
About 30 species inhabit fresh, brackish, and salt waters 
of the United States ; they are known as killiji*hes, muw- 
mychoffn, minnows, etc. 
funduline (fun'du-lin), a. and . I. . Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the t'nii- 
duUnce. 
II. it. A fish of the subfamily Fundulime. 
Fundulus (fun'du-lus), n. [NL., < L. fundim, 
bottom: see fund}.] A genus of killifishes, of 
the family Cyprinodontido', containing numer- 
ous species of active habits and very tenacious 
of life, of no economic value. The commonest 
North American species is F. heteroclitus ; a larger one is 
known as E. majalis. See cut under mummychog. 
fundungi (fun-dung'gi), n. Same Asfundi. 
fundus (fun'dus), n. [L., the bottom, base: 
see fund 1 .'] 1. In a general sense, bottom ; 
depths: as, the fundus of a cave or a wood. 
Prolonged work with the microscope will cause the 
images seen in its focus to " live in the fundus of the eye," 
so that, after several hours, shutting the eyes will cause 
these images to reappear with great distinctness. 
6. T. Ladd, Physiol. Psychology, p. 549. 
2. In anat., the larger end of any cone- or pear- 
shaped organ, as the upper part of the uterus, 
the left portion of the stomach, or the anterior 
and lower end of the gall-bladder Fundus 
glands, the cardiac glands of the stomach. Fundus of 
the bladder, the lower part or base. Fundus of the 
eye, the back part of the eye, as seen through the pupil 
in an ophthalmoscopic examination. Fundus of the 
stomach, the left, larger end. Fundus of the uterus, 
the upper part, 
funebralt (fQ'ne-bral), . Same as funebrial. 
Dr. Parr of Camerwell preach'd a most pathetic funebral 
discourse and panegyric at the interment of our late pas- 
tor. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 20, 1672. 
funebrialt (fu-ne'bri-al), a. [As F. funebrc = 
Sp. funebre = Pg. It. funebre; < L. funebris, of 
or belonging to a funeral (< fumts (funer-), a 
funeral: see funeral), + -/.] Pertaining to 
funerals; funeral; funereal. 
