Fungicolae 
now retained as a superfamily of trimerons or 
cryptotetramerous coleopterans, with filiform 
maxillary palpi, aud moderately long flattened 
or clavate antennas: represented by such fami- 
lies as the Kiitloiii/icliitltr or fungus-beetles. See 
cut under Bndomyehvs.$. A group of dipter- 
ous insects or fungus-gnats. 
fungicoloUS (fun-jik'6-lus), a. [< NL. fniuji- 
coln, < li. fungus, musiiroom, + colere, inhabit.] 
Living in or upon fungi ; specifically, of or per- 
taining to the Fwtgicola. 
Fungidse (fuu'ji-de), n. pi. [NL., < Fungus + 
-Ida-.] Same as Ftingiida;. 
fungiform (f'uu'ji-form), a. [< L. fungus, a 
mushroom, + forma, form.] Having the form 
of a mushroom ; cylindrical with a broader con- 
vex head : specifically applied to certain papilla) 
of the tongue, distinguished from filiform and 
circumvallate. Also j'unyilUform. See papilla. 
The nerve-fibres are more readily seen, however, in the 
funyifttrui papilla; of the tongue. 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 682. 
fungiid (fuu'ji-id), ?(. A mushroom-coral, as a 
member of the Fungiiilce. 
Fungiidae (fun-ji'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Fungia 
+ -('(/'.] A family of eporose sclerodermatous 
stone-corals, the mushroom-corals, so called be- 
cause of their usual shape as large flat cups. They 
are without thecie, but with many well-developed dentate 
septa connected by syuapticula;. Also Fungidce. See 
Funtjia, ami cut under coral. J. D. Dana, 1840. 
Fungiinae (fun-ji-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Fungia 
+ -iiue.] A subfamily of Fungiidw. Also Fun- 
ginu:. Edwards and Haimc, 1849. 
fungilliform (fun-jil'i-farm), a. [< NL. as if 
"fungillus, dim. of L. fungus, a mushroom, + 
forma, form.] Same as funij iform. 
fungin, fungine (fun'jin), n. [< fungus + -in%, 
-iitc%.] Same as fungus-cellulose. 
In 1866 De Bary gave this name [fungus-cellulose] to the 
substance composing the cell-walls of fungi. . . . Since 
then, the names fungine and metacellulose have been 
given to this doubtful substance. ' 
Poulsen, Hot. Micro-Chem. (trans.), p. 79. 
funginous (fun'ji-nus), a. ((fungus + -ine 1 + 
-mix.'] Of or belonging to a fungus. 
fungite (fun'jit), n. [< fungus + -ife 2 .] A 
kind of fossil coral. 
Fungivoraj (fnn-jiv'o-re), n.pl. [NL. : seefun- 
givorous.] A group of fungi vorous dipterous 
insects. 
fungivorous (fun-jiv'o-rus), a. [< L. fungus, 
mushroom, + rorare, devour.] Feeding upon 
fungi : applied to many insects. 
fungoid (fung'goid), a. [< L. fungus, mush- 
room, + Gr. eMof, form.] 1. Having the ap- 
pearance or character of a fungus ; hence, spo- 
radic. 
"The seed of immortality has sprouted within me." 
" Only a/iwyoiW growth, I dare say a crowing disease in 
the lungs," said Deronda. 
George Eliot, Daniel Derouda, xxxvii. 
2. In pathol., characterized by morbid growths 
resembling a fungus, especially those of a ma- 
lignant character : as, a fungoid disease. 
fungplogist (fung-gol'o-jjist), H. [< fungology 
+ -ist.] One engaged in the study of fungol- 
ogy ; a mycologist. 
fungology (fung-gol'o-ji), H. [< L. fungus, 
mushroom (see fungus), + Gr. -'Aoyia, < teyeiv, 
speak: see -ology.~] The science which deals 
with fungi. More commonly called mycology. 
fungOSity (f ung-gos'i-ti), . [= F. fongosite = 
Sp. fimgosidad = It. fungosita; as fungous + 
-ity.] 1. The quality of being fungous ; also, a 
fungous excrescence. 
Eggs cast uito the matrix of the earth, or certain little 
pustuliB, or fungoxities on its surface. 
Biblioth. BM. (Oxf., 1720), I. 292. 
2. In pathol., proud flesh. Dunglison. 
fungous (fung'gus), a. [< ME. fungous = F. 
fongueux = Sp. Pg. It. fungoso, < L. fungosus, 
full of holes, spongy, fungous, (.fungus, a mush- 
room, fungus: see fungus.'] 1. Belonging to 
or having the character of fungi ; spongy. 
And chaf is better for hem [radishes] thenne is donnge, 
For thai therof wol be right fungous stronge. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 172. 
We may be sure of raine, in case we see a. fungous sub- 
stance or soot gathered about lamps and candle snuffs. 
Hollaiul, tr. of ['liny, xviii. 35. 
The sapless wood, divested of the bark, 
Grows funifvuK, and takes flre at ev'ry spark. 
Cowper, Conversation, 1. 54. 
Another form of /imf/ofM vegetation that develops itself 
within the living body ... is the Botrytis bassiana. 
II'. B. Carpenter, Micros., 313. 
2. Characterized by the appearance of fungoid 
growths : as, a fungous disease. 3. Growing 
2411 
or springing up suddenly, but not substantial 
or durable. 
Tlu- meaner productions of the French and English 
press, that fungous growth of novels and of pamphlets. 
//arm, Hermes. 
fung-shui, fng-shui (fung'shwe'), . [Chi- 
nese, (fling, wind, 4- shui, water.] A kind of 
geomancy practised by the Chinese for deter- 
mining the luckiness or unluckiuess of sites 
for graves, houses, cities, etc. 
Burial-places are selected by geoniancers, and their lo- 
cation has important results on the prosperity of the liv- 
ing. The supposed connection between these two things 
has influenced the science, religion, aud customs of the 
Chinese from very early days, and under the name utfuny- 
.S/HU, or "wind and water" rules, still contains most of 
their science, and explains most of their superstitions. 
S. W. Williams, Middle Kingdom, II. 246. 
Feni/'Xhui, or "wind-aud-water" magic, . . . has of late 
come under the notice of Europeans from the unexpected 
impediments it has placed in their way when desirous of 
building or constructing railways on Chinese soil. 
E. B. Tylor, Encyc. Brit., XV. 204. 
fungus (fung'gns), n. ; pi. fungi (fun'ji). [In 
earlier usefunge (q. v.); = OF.fonge, a mush- 
room, F.fongus, fungus (in pathol.) = Sp. Pg. 
It. fungo, ( L. fungus, a mushroom, fungus, for 
t. f 
sfii 
"sfungus, ( Gr. a(p6y}0(, Attic form of i 
sponge: see sponge.] 1. A plant belonging to 
the group Fungi (which see). 
Each with some wondrous gift approach'd the Power, 
A nest, a toad, & fungus, or a flower. 
Pope, Dunciad, iv. 400. 
In wine-making, the fermentation of the juices of the 
grapes or other fruit employed is set going by the devel- 
opment of minute fungi whose germs have settled on their 
skins. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 311. 
The healthy animal organism possesses the power of 
destroying and eliminating certain kinds of living micro- 
scopic spores and filaments of fungi from the circulation. 
The Lancet, June 4, 1881. 
2. In pathol., a spongy morbid excrescence, as 
proud flesh formed in wounds Bird's-nest fun- 
gus. See bird's-nest. Budding fungi. See budi. Chi- 
gnon-fungus. See chignon. ^Filamentous fungus, one 
composed of separate or but little interwoven hyphse, 
as the common molds. Fungus disease, mycetoma. 
Fungus hematodes, in pathul., a name applied to a soft 
and vascular carcinoma when, after ulceration of the in- 
teguments, it grows up rapidly in a dark-colored, rugose, 
easily bleeding mass. Fungus Melitensis, the Ct/iwmo- 
rimn coccineum, a fungus^like plant of southern Europe, 
of the apetalous order Balanophoracece. See cut under Cy- 
nomorium. House- fungus, a fungus destructive to the 
timbers of houses and other buildings ; dry-rot. Smut- 
fungus, one of the ITstilaginece which produces a smut- 
like mass of spores. See smut. Spawn-fungi. Basidio- 
mycetes (mushrooms, puffballs, etc.) which may be propa- 
gated by means of masses of mycelium called spawn. 
Sprouting fungi, those fungi propagated by sprouting or 
budding, as the species of Saccharomyces and growth- 
forms of certain higher fungi. Yeast- fungus, the fungus 
which is the active principle in yeast ; Saccnaromyces. See 
yeast aud fermentation. (See also beefsteak-fungus, jish- 
fungu.) 
fungus-beetle (fung'gus-be"tl), n. A fungic- 
olous beetle, as of the family EndomycMdfe or 
of the family Erotylidce; an endomychid. See 
cuts under Endomychus and Erotylus. 
fungus-cellulose (fung'gus-sel"u-16s), n. The 
substance which composes the cell-walls of 
fungi, different in chemical reactions from or- 
dinary cellulose. Also called fungin, fungine, 
and metacellulose. 
fungus-foot (fung'gus-fut), n. Mycetoma. 
fungus-gnat (fung'gus-nat), n. A nematocer- 
ous dipterous insect of the family Mycetophi- 
lidce : so called from the habitat of the larvaa. 
Some seven hundred species of these minute 
gnats are described. 
fungus-midge (f ung'gus-mij), n. Same as fun- 
gus-gnat. 
fungus-Stone (fung'gus-ston), w. A ball com- 
posed of earth and the matted mycelium of 
Polyporus tuberaster, used, especially in Italy, 
for the propagation of that 
fungus. Under proper con- 
. ditions of temperature and 
moisture, the fungus grows 
and fructifies. 
fungus-tinder (fung ' gus - 
tin"der), n. Tinder made 
from the fungus Polyporus 
igniarius; punk. 
funic (fu'nik), n. Same as 
funicular, 2. 
funicle (fu'ni-kl), n. [= F. 
funieule = It. funicolo, ( L. 
funiculus, dim. of funis, a 
rope, a cord: see, funiculus.'] 
1. A small cord; a small 
ligature; a fiber. 2. Inen- 
tom., the part of the antenna F mc '' f 
between the scape and the , , 
funiculus 
club. Also funieule. 3. In anat., same as/- 
iiifuliix, 5 (a). 4. In bot. : (a) The stalk of an 
ovule or seed. See cut in preceding column. 
(6) In Xi<lulariace<e among fungi, a pedicel at- 
taching the peridiolum to the inner surface of 
the wall of the peridium. Alsofuniculus. 
funicular (fu-uik'u-lar), a. and . [= F.fitni- 
culaire = Sp. Pg. funicular, < NL. *fuiiiculnrin, 
< L. funiculus, a small cord: see funicle.'] I. n. 
1. Having the character of a funicle; consti- 
tuting a fuuiculus; relating to the hypothesis 
of a funiculus, or self-contracting ether. 2. In 
anat., relating or pertaining to the funis umbi- 
licalis: as, the funicular process of the perito- 
neum. Dunylison. Also funic. Funicular dia- 
gram. See diaijraiii. Funicular machine, a name 
given to certain contrivances intended to illustrate some 
mechanical principle, and consisting mainly of an arrange- 
ment of cords and suspended weights. Funicular poly- 
gon, in staticx, the figure assumed by a string supi>orted 
at its extremities and acted on by several pressures. 
II. H. The funicular polygon. 
Funicularia (fu-nik-u-la'ri-a), . [NL.: see fu- 
nicular.] Same as Funiculina. 
funiculate (fu-nik'u-lat), a. [< NL. *//<- 
latus, ( L. funiculus, a small cord: see funicle.] 
1. In zool., forming a narrow ridge. 2. In bot., 
having a funicle. 
funieule (fu'ni-kul), . [< L. funiculus, q. v.] 
In entom., same as funiculus, 8, unA funicle, 2. 
funiculi, n. Plural of funiculus. 
Funiculina (fu-nik-u-H'na), n. [NL., < L. fu- 
niculus + -ina: see funiculus.] A genus of 
pennatuloid polyps, tjrpical of the family Funi- 
culinid<e. Also found in the forms Funicularia, 
Funiculus. 
Funiculineae (fu-nik-u-liu'e-e), . pi. [NL., < 
Funiculina + -etr.] A subsection of spicateous 
pennatuloid polyps, with polyps in distinct rows 
on both sides of the rachis. Kolliker. 
FuniculinidsB (fu-nik-u-lin'i-de), n. pi. [NL.. 
< Funiculina + -iila;."] A family of pennatuloid 
polyps without rachial pinnules, with sessile 
polyps on both sides of the rachis in distinct 
rows, and with ventral zooids. 
funiculus (fu-nik'u-lus), n. ; pi. funiculi (-li). 
[L., a small rope, cord, or line, dim. of funis, a 
rope, a cord: see funis.] If. A small rope or 
cord. E.Phillips. 2. In early German land- 
law, a cord or slender rope with which land 
was measured. 3. In old physics, a self-con- 
tracting ether, assumed by some of those who 
rejected the doctrine of the elasticity of the 
air. 4. In bot., same as funicle, 4. 5. In 
anat. : (a) The navel-string or umbilical cord, 
connecting the fetus with the placenta, and so 
with the parent. Also funis and funicle. (6) 
One of the smaller bundles of a nerve which 
are inclosed in a special sheath of neurilemma 
or perineurium. See nerve. 
The nerves themselves have something of the same ob- 
vious structure as striated muscles : that is, a more or 
less cylindrical fasciculus surrounded by a sheath (epi- 
neurium), and the mass in turn being composed of small- 
er bundles (funiculi), each funiculus having its special 
sheath (perinenrium, neurilemma). 
Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 398. 
6. In Polyzoa, the gastroparietal band or liga- 
ment connecting the alimentary canal with 
the wall of the endocyst. See cut under Plu- 
matella. 7. In Myriapoda, a cord connecting 
the anal end of the embryo with the so-called 
amnion. 8. In entom., that part of the flagel- 
lum of the antenna which is between the pedi- 
cel and the club ; the funicle : used especially 
of hymenopterous insects. Also funieule. 9. 
In Protozoa, specifically, the filament or slender 
thread which connects the several nodules of a 
compound endoplast, as the component nuclear 
masses in such infusorians as Loxodes and 
Loxopliyllum. Saville Kent. 10. [enj).] [NL.] 
Same as Funiculina Funiculus cvmeatus (wedge- 
shaped funicle), the column of the oblongata lying next to 
the fnniculus gracilis; the upward continuation of the pos- 
terior lateral column of the cord. Funiculus gracilis 
(slender fuuicle), the longitudinal tract on either side of 
the posterior mid-line of the medulla oblongata ; the up- 
ward continuation of the posterior median column of the 
cord. Funiculus of Eolando, the longitudinal promi- 
nence on the posterior surface of the medulla oblongata on 
either side, outside of the cuneate funicnlus. It includes 
the tubercle of Rolando, and is produced by the approach 
of the caput cornu posterioris to the surface. Also called 
lateralcmifatefuniculus.- Funiculus sclerse.a strandof 
fibrous tissue piercing the sclerotic opposite the fovea cen- 
tralis, and connecting its Inniino-. Funiculus sperma- 
tlCUS, the spermatic cord (which see, under cordi). Fu- 
niculus teres (round funicle), a longitudinal cmitirnn- 
on either side of the median line of the floor of the fourth 
ventricle of the brain. Also called eminent ia teres. Fu- 
niculus umbilicalis, the umbilical cord (which see, un- 
der cori/l). 
