furcula 
prongs of the fiuvul;i commonly meet at an approximately 
acute alible, like a V, and tilt-re develop a process railed 
the kypoolimum; the extremities pass tu each shoulder- 
joint. Sometimes the primus meet at an open angle, like 
a I", ami they maj lie ankylosed with the keel of the slcr. 
num. The fin-mla serves to keep the shoulders apart, and 
is strongest, with most open tines, in birds of the greatest 
powers of flight. It is occasionally rudimentary or de- 
fective, the clavicles being separate anil very small, as 
occurs especially in some flightless birds. The furcula 
of the common fowl is familiar as the nu'rr>itltf>in/lit m- 
wishbone. Also cal\ui\furculiini (with plural furcula). 
2. In entom., a forked process: specifically ap- 
plied to a long bifid process on the bodies of 
certain caterpillars. See furciferous, 1. 
furcular (fer'ku-liir), a. [< furcula + -ar3.] 
bone of a fowl. 
Furcularia (fer-ku-la'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of "furcularis, < L. furcula, dim. of furca, a 
fork: see furcula, furcular.] A name applied by 
Lamarck to the Eotifera properly so called, 
furculum (fer'ku-lum), n. ; pi. furcula (-la). 
[L. : see furcula.*] Same &s furcula, 1. 
furder (fer'der), adv., a., and v. An obsolete or 
dialectal form of further. 
furdlet (fer'dl), v. t. [The older form of furl, 
for fardle, fardel 1 , pack up, hence furl: see 
furl, fardeli.] To furl ; roll up. 
The colours furdled up, the drum is mute. 
John Taylor, Works (1630). 
2414 
furialt, a. [ME. furyalle = fSp. Pg. furial = 
It. furialc, < L. furialis, furious, belonging to 
the Furies, <fitrin. fury: seefury.] Furious; 
raging; tormenting. 
What is the cause, if it be for to telle, 
That ye be in this/un'ni pyne of belle? 
C/miv,, squires Tale, 1. 440. 
furibund (fu'ri-bund), a. [= F. fu riband = 
Sp. Pg. furibundo = It. fiiribondo, < L. furibun- 
dug, furious, <.furere, be mad: seefury.] Fu- 
rious; raging; mad. [Rare.] 
Poor Louison Chabray . . . has a garter round her neck, 
and furibund Amazons at each end. 
Carlyle, French Rev., I. vii. 7. 
a. [< furibund + 
-al.] Same as furibund. 
Is 't possible for puling wench to tame 
'fhefuribuiulal champion of fame? G. Harvey. 
furiosant (fu-ri-o'sant), a. [Heraldic F. ; as 
furious + -ant.] fiaging: an epithet applied 
in heraldry to the bull, bugle, and other ani- 
mals when depicted in a rage or in madness. 
Also rangant. 
furiosity (fu-ri-os'i-ti), n. [= Pg. furiosidade = 
It. furiosita; as furious + -ity.] The state of 
being furious; raving madness. Bailey, 1727. 
[Rare.] 
"o-ri-o'so), a. and n. [It., furious, < L. 
dandruff; scurf; perrigo; in the plural, scales 
like bran, as of the skin. 
furfuraceous (fer-fu-ra'shius), a. [= F. fur- 
furace = Pg. It. furfuraceo, < LL. furfuraceus, 
like bran, < L. furfur, bran: see furfur.] 1. 
Made of or resembling bran. Also furfurous. 
2. Scaly; scurfy. Specifically applied in pathology 
to forms of descjuamation in which the epidermis conies 
off in scales, and to a bran-like sediment which is some- 
times observed in urine. 
3. In bot., coated with bran-like particles ; 
scurfy. Also applied to the thallus of a lichen when 
gonidia are developed In such a way as to produce gran- 
ules or wartlets on the surface. 
furfuraceously (fer-fu-ra'shius-li), adv. In a 
furfuraceous or scaly manner; with furfur. 
furfuramide (fer'fer-am'id or -id), n. [< fur- 
fur-ol + amide.] In chem., a crystalline solid 
(Ci5H 12 NoO 3 ) produced by the action of am- 
monia on furfurol. 
furfuration (fer-fu-ra'shon), w. [< furfur + 
-ation.] The falling of scurf or scurfy scales. 
furfures, . Plural of furfur. 
furfurol (fer'fer-ol), n. [< L. furfur, bran, + 
-ol. ] In t hem . , a volatile oil (C 5 HiOg) obtained 
when wheat-bran, sugar, or starch is acted on 
by dilute sulphuric acid. It is colorless when first 
prepared, but turns brown when exposed to the air, and 
forms a tarry mass. It has a fragrant odor resembling 
that of bitter almonds, and has the chemical properties 
of aldehyde. 
furfurous (fer'fu-rus), a. [< i,. furfurosus, like 
bran, < furfur, bran.] Same as furfuraceous, 1 : 
as, "furfurous bread," Sydney Smith. 
Furia (fu'ri-a), n. [L., a Fury: seefury.] 1. 
A Linnean genus of Vermex. 2. A genus of 
South American bats, of the family Emballonu- 
rida, having the forehead prominent, the tail 
ending in the interfemoral membrane, and the 
following dental formula : incisors and premo- 
lars 2 in each upper and 3 in each lower half- 
jaw, canines 1 in each and molars 3 in each 
Bp. Ilacket, Abp. Williams, ii. 218. 
furious (fu'ri-us), a. [< ME. furious = F. fu- 
rieux = Pr.furios = Sp. Pg. It.furioso, < L./w- 
riosus, full of madness or rage, raging, furious, 
<fiiria, madness, fury: see fury.] 1. Full of 
fury; transported with passion; raging; vio- 
lent: as, a furious animal. 
He lokyd/tiryoti* as a wyld catt. 
Huga Poet. (ed. Wright), p. 2. 
The Sultans have often been compelled to propitiate the 
furious rabble of Constantinople with the head of an un- 
popular Vizier. Macaulay, Machiavelli. 
2f. Mad; frenzied; insane. 
No man did ever think the hurtful actions of furious 
men and innocents to be punishable. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity. 
3. Marked by fury or impetuosity; impelled 
by or moving with violence ; vehement ; bois- 
terous : as, a furious blow ; a furious wind or 
storm. 
A furious pass the spear of A jax made 
Through the broad shield, but at the corselet stay'd. 
Pope, Iliad, xxiii. 965. 
But so the furious blast prevall'd, 
That, pitiless perforce, 
They left their outcast mate behind. 
Cowper, The Cast-away. 
= Syn. Impetuous, fierce, frantic, tumultuous, turbulent, 
tempestuous, stormy, angry. 
furiously (fu'ri-us-li), adr. In a furious man- 
ner ; with impetuous motion or agitation ; vio- 
lently; vehemently: as, to run furiously ; to at- 
tack one furiously. 
The driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nim- 
shi ; for he driveth/i<riosji/. 2 Ki. ix. 20. 
The pendulum swung furiously to the left, because it 
had been drawn too far to the right. 
Macaulay, Sir James Mackintosh. 
furiousness (fu'ri-us-nes), n. The state of be- 
ing furious ; violent agitation ; impetuous mo- 
tion ; madness ; frenzy ; rage. 
Thou shall stretche forth thyne hande vpo ihefuryout- 
nes of mine enemyes, and thy right hande shall saue me. 
Bible 0/1551, Ps. cxxxviii. 7. 
furl (ferl), v. t. [A contr. otfurdle: seefurdle, 
and cf. fardte, farl^.] 1. To wrap or roll, as a 
sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, and fasten 
by a gasket or cord ; draw up or draw into close 
compass, as a flag. 
Along the coast he shoots with swelling gales, 
Then lowers the lofty mast, and/ur( the sails. 
Tickell, Iliad, i. 
Till the war-drum throbb'd no longer, and the battle-flags 
were/urtU Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
2f. To ruffle. 
Disdaining, furls his mane and tears the ground, 
His eyes enflaming all the desert round. 
Dryden, Abs. and Achit. 
To furl a topsail in a body (naul.), to gather all the 
loose parts of the topsail into the bunt about the topmast. 
furlano (for-la'no), n. Same as forlana. 
furmenty 
xtailiiim), prop, the length of a furrow, or tin- 
drive of the plow before it is turned, < furli, a 
furrow, + lung, long. The length of a furrow 
would ordinarily be equiv. to the length of the 
field ; like other orig. indefinite terms of mea- 
sure, the word came to have a definite value, 
being fixed by custom at 40 rods, and hence 
called in ML. (AL.) quarentena : sou f/uttra>t- 
tine.] A measure of length equal to the eighth 
part of a mile, 40 rods, poles, or perches, 220 
yards, or 201.17 meters. The furli.ni; n,rr, spumis to 
the Roman stadium, and one eighth of any kind of mile 
is called a furlong in older writers. Thus, English writers 
of the sixteenth century often call 625 feet a furlong ; and 
the reason is that 5 feet was taken to be a pace, so that a 
Human mile nf 1,000 paces would be 8 x 626 feet. So the 
eighth part of a Scotch mile, or nearly 742 feet, was a fur- 
Abbreviated fir 
Ac ich can fynde in a felcle and in fyforlanrj an hare, 
An holden a knysteg court and a-counte with the reyue. 
Piers Plounnan (C), viii. ;J2. 
And although there appeare difference in their summes, 
yet that is imputed rather to the diuersity of their fur- 
lonys, which some reckoned longer then others, then to 
their differing opinions. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 48. 
A furlong wayt, a short distance of space or interval of 
The constable and his wyf also 
And distance ban ytake the ryghte way 
Toward the see, a furlong wry or two. 
Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, 1. 4. 
And shortly up they clomben alle thre 
They sitten stille, wel a fiirlmni mm. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 451. 
furlough (fer'lo), n. [The spelling furloe oc- 
curs in the 18th century, but furlough appears 
to be the earliest spelling (as in Blount's Gloss. , 
ed. 1C74). As the spelling furlough does not 
follow that of the orig. language, it was prob. 
intended to be phonetic (from a military point 
of view), the gh perhaps as /and the accent on 
the second syllable ; < D. verlof, leave, furlough, 
= LG. verlof = G. dial, rerlaub (these prob. of 
Scand. origin). < D&n.forlov, leave, permission, 
furlough, leave of absence, = Sw. forlof, leave, 
pardon ; a form (with prefix for-, for- = E. for- 1 ) 
equiv. to the older Dan. orlov, leave of absence, 
furlough, = Sw. orlof. dismission, discharge. = 
Icel. orlof, leave, = D. oorluf, leave, = OHG. 
MHG. urloup, G. urlaub, leave of absence, fur- 
lough, prop, the abstract noun of a verb repr. 
(approximately) by Icel. orlofa, allow, and by 
OHG. irloubon, MHG. erlouben, G. erlaubcn = 
AS. alyfan, dliefan = Goth, uslaubjan, leave, 
permit, < Goth, us- (= AS. a- = OHG. ar-, ir-, 
unaccented ; AS. or- = OHG. ur- = Icel. or-, ac- 
cented) + 'laubjan (in comp.), leave: see a- 1 , 
or-, /or- 1 , and leare\ v. Furlough thus ult. con- 
tains the elements /or- 1 and leave 1 .] Leave of 
absence ; especially, in military use, leave or 
license given by a commanding officer to an 
officer or a soldier to be absent from service for 
a certain time. In the United States army the term is 
used officially only for such leave given to an enlisted 
man, the same permission granted to a commissioned offi- 
cer being designated a leave of absence. A soldier avail- 
ing himself of the permission is said to be furlaughed, or 
on furlough; an officer, on leave. The word is also used 
to designate the temporary discharge from service of a 
civilian in the employ of the government. In the United 
States navy it has a special signification, indicating the 
condition of an officer off duty cither for fault or at his 
own request and only receiving one half of " waiting-or- 
ders pay." 
After an absence of several years passed with his regi- 
ment, ... he was now returned on a three years' fur- 
lough. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 20. 
The Secretary of_the Navy shall haveauthorit 
" e active list of the 
Rev. Statutes, U. S., 1442. 
[The power given to the Secretary of the Navy is rarely 
exercised.] 
Officers on furlough shall receive only half of the pay 
to which they would have been entitled if on leave of ab- 
sence. Ren. Statutes, U. S., 1567. 
Capt. Irwin goes by the next packet-boat to Holland ; 
he has got & furloe from his father for a year. 
Chesterjield, Misc., IV. xlii. 
Some find their natural selves, and only then, 
Infurlouffhs of divine escape from men. 
Lmcell, Agassiz, ii. 1. 
furlough (fer'lo), v. t. [< furlough, n.] To fur- 
nish with a furlough; grant leave of absence 
to, as a soldier. 
Furloughed men returned in large numbers, and before 
their "leaves " had terminated. A'. A. Rev., CXXVI. 93. 
y to pla 
Navy. 
, i'n-S),!..!* [NL.,pi.of^ma.] One furling. ^Als^MeAse^ga^r ti, -mi-ti), . Same as frumenty. 
of four divisions of bats, of the family Emballo- furlong (fer'ldne), n. IX ME furlona furlana And ye shall eate neither bread, nor parched corn, m>r 
nurida, containing the genera Furia and Amor- forlong, forlang, etc., < AS. furlang (once im- ^^ll^^aS^Xw'* yo'ur God d " 5 " """ 
phochtlus. prop, furlung), a furlong (used to translate L. ' BiMc 0/1551, Lev. xxiii. u. 
