ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS. 
a., adj adjective. 
abbr abbreviation. 
abl ablative. 
ace accusative. 
nccom accommodated, accom- 
modation. 
act active. 
adv adverb. 
AF Anglo-French. 
agri agriculture. 
AL Anglo- Latin. 
alg algebra. 
Amer American. 
anat anatomy. 
anc ancient. 
antiq. antiquity. 
aor aoriat. 
appar apparently. 
Ar Arabic. 
arch architecture. 
archwol archaeology. 
arith arithmetic. 
art. article. 
AS. Anglo-Saxon. 
astrol astrology. 
astron astronomy. 
attrib attributive. 
aug augmentative. 
Bav Bavarian. 
Beng Bengali. 
biol biology. 
Bohem Bohemian. 
hot botany. 
Braz. Brazilian. 
Bret Breton. 
bryol bryology. 
Bulg Bulgarian. 
carp carpentry. 
Cat Catalan. 
fatti Catholic. 
caus. causative. 
ceram ceramics. 
cf L. confer, compare. 
ch church. 
Chal Chaldee. 
cheni chemical, chemistry. 
Chin Chinese. 
chron chronology. 
colloq colloquial, colloquially. 
com commerce, commer- 
cial. 
comp composition, com- 
pound. 
compar. comparative. 
conch conchology. 
con] conjunction. 
contr contracted, contrac- 
tion. 
Corn Cornish. 
craniol craniology. 
craniom craniometry. 
crystal crystallography. 
D Dutch. 
Dan Danish. 
dat, dative. 
def. definite, definition. 
deriv derivative, derivation. 
dial dialect, dialectal. 
dirt different. 
dim diminutive. 
distrib distributive. 
dvam dramatic. 
dynam dynamics. 
E. East. 
E English (uwallii mean- 
inj modern English). 
cccl., ecclea ecclesiastical. 
econ economy. 
e. g. L. exempli gratia, for 
example. 
Egypt Egyptian. 
E. Ind East Indian. 
elect electricity. 
embryo] embryology. 
Eng English. 
engin engineering. 
entoni entomology. 
Epis Episcopal. 
equiv equivalent. 
esp especially. 
Eth Ethiopic. 
ethnog ethnography. 
ethliol ethnology. 
etyrn etymology. 
Eur European. 
exclam exclamation. 
f., fern feminine. 
F French (usually mean- 
ing modern French). 
Flem Flemish. 
fort fortification. 
freq frequentative. 
Fries Friestc. 
fut future. 
G German (saKi/ mean- 
ing New High Ger- 
man). 
Gael Gaelic. 
galv galvanism. 
gen genitive. 
geog geography. 
geol geology. 
geom geometry. 
Goth Gothic (Meesogothic). 
Gr Greek. 
gram grammar. 
gun gunnery. 
Heb Hebrew. 
her. heraldry. 
herpet herpetology. 
Hind Hindustani. 
hist history. 
horol horology. 
hort horticulture. 
Hung Hungarian. 
hydraul hydraulics. 
hydros hydrostatics. 
Icel Icelandic (umallu 
meaning Old Ice- 
landic, otherwisecall- 
prf Old Norse). 
ichth ichthyology. 
i. e L. id ant, that is. 
impers impersonal. 
iropf imperfect. 
impv imperative. 
improp improperly. 
Ind Indian. 
ind indicative. 
Indo-Eur Indo-European. 
indef indefinite. 
inf infinitive. 
iustr instrumental. 
interj interjection. 
intr., intrans intransitive. 
Ir Irish. 
irreg irregular, irregularly. 
It Italian. 
Jap Japanese. 
L Latin (usually mean- 
ing classical Latin). 
Lett Lettish. 
LO Low German. 
lichenol Hchenology. 
lit literal, literally. 
lit literature. 
Lith Lithuanian. 
lithog lithography. 
lithol lithology. 
I.L Late Latin. 
m., masc masculine. 
M Middle. 
mach machinery. 
mammal. mammalogy. 
manuf manufacturing. 
math mathematics. 
MD Middle Dutch. 
ME Middle English (other- 
unse called Old Eng- 
lish). 
mecll mechanics, mechani- 
cal. 
med medicine. 
mensur mensuration. 
metal metallurgy. 
metaph metaphysics. 
meteor meteorology. 
Mex Mexican. 
MGr Middle Greek, medie- 
val Greek. 
MHO Middle High German. 
milit military. 
mineral mineralogy. 
ML. Middle Latin, medie- 
val Latin. 
MLG Middle Low German. 
mod modern. 
mycol mycology. 
myth mythology. 
n noun. 
n., unit. neuter. 
If New. 
N North. 
N. Amer North America. 
nat natural. 
naut nautical. 
nav navigation. 
NGr New Greek, modern 
Greek. 
NHG New High German 
(usually simply G., 
German). 
NL. New Latin, modern 
Latin. 
nom nominative. 
Norm Norman. 
north northern. 
Norw Norwegian. 
numis numismatics. 
O Old. 
obs obsolete. 
obstet obstetrics. 
OBulg Old Bulgarian (other- 
wise called Church 
Slavonic, Old Slavic, 
Old Slavonic). 
OCat Old Catalan. 
OD Old Dutch. 
ODan Old Danish. 
odontog odontography. 
odontol odontology. 
OF Old French. 
OFlem Old Flemish. 
OGael Old Gaelic. 
OHG Old High German. 
Olr Old Irish. 
Olt Old Italian. 
OL Old Latin. 
OLG Old Low German. 
ONorth Old Northumbrian. 
OPruss Old Prussian. 
orig original, originally. 
ornith ornithology. 
OS Old Saxon. 
OSp Old Spanish. 
osteol osteology. 
OSw. Old Swedish. 
OTeut Old Teutonic. 
p. a participial adjective. 
paleon paleontology. 
part. participle. 
pass passive. 
pathol pathology. 
perf perfect. 
Pers Persian. 
pers person. 
persp perspective. 
Peruv Peruvian. 
petrog petrography. 
Pg Portuguese. 
phar pharmacy. 
Phen Pheniciaii. 
philol philology. 
philos. philosophy. 
phnnog phonography. 
photog photography. 
phren phrenology. 
phys physical. 
physiol physiology. 
pi., plur plural. 
poet poetical. 
polit political. 
Pol Polish. 
poss possessive. 
pp past participle. 
ppr. present participle. 
Pr Provencal (utuaUy 
meaning Old Pro- 
vencal). 
pref prefix. 
prep preposition. 
pres. present. 
pret preterit. 
prlv privative. 
prob probably, probable. 
pron pronoun. 
pron pronounced, pronun- 
ciation. 
prop properly. 
pros prosody. 
Prot Protestant. 
prov provincial. 
psychol psychology. 
q. v L. quod (or pi. qua?) 
vide, which see. 
refl reflexive. 
reg. regular, regularly. 
repr representing. 
rhet rhetoric. 
Rom Roman. 
Rom Romanic, Romance 
(languages). 
Russ Russian. 
S South. 
S. Amer South American. 
sc L. scilicet, understand, 
supply. 
Sc Scotch. 
Hcand Scandinavian. 
Scrip Scripture. 
sculp sculpture. 
Serv Servian. 
sing singular. 
Skt Sanskrit. 
Slav Slavic, Slavonic. 
Sp Spanish. 
subj subjunctive. 
superl superlative. 
surg surgery. 
surv surveying. 
Sw Swedish. 
syn synonymy. 
Syr Syriac. 
techno) technology. 
teleg telegraphy. 
teratol teratology. 
term termination, 
Teut Teutonic. 
theat theatrical. 
theol theology. 
therap therapeutics. 
toxicol toxicology. 
tr., trans transitive. 
trigon. trigonometry. 
Turk Turkish. 
typog typography. 
lilt ultimate, ultimately. 
-v. verb. 
var variant. 
vet veterinary. 
v. i intransitive verb. 
v. t transitive verb. 
W Welsh. 
Wall Walloon. 
Wallach Wallachian. 
W. Ind West Indian. 
zoogeog zoogeography. 
zool zoology. 
zoo" t zobtomy. 
