Galilean 
Galilean 2 (gal-i-le'an), a. [< Galileo, prop, only 
the ' Christian ' name of Galileo Galilei, the Ital- 
ian family of Galilei being so called from one 
of its members, GaMteode'Bpnajuti. The name 
represents L. Galilceus, Galilean, of Galilee in 
Judea: see Galilean*-.'] Of or pertaining to 
Galileo, a great Italian mathematician and 
natural philosopher (1564-1642), who laid the 
foundations of the science of dynamics. He 
was one of the earliest advocates of the Copernican sys- 
tem of astronomy, and made many important astronom- 
ical discoveries. Galilean law, the law of the uniform 
acceleration of falling bodies. Galilean number, thf 
quantity <?, or the acceleration of gravity. Galilean tel- 
escope, a telescope with a concave lens for its eyepiece, 
like an opera-glass. See telrwpe. 
galilee (gal'i-le), . [< OF. galilee, galileye, < 
L. Galihea, Galilee : see Galilean 1 .'] A chapel 
connected with some early English medieval 
churches, in which penitents and catechumens 
were placed, to which monks returned after 
processions, in which ecclesiastics were allowed 
to meet women who had business with them, 
and whence the worthy dead were buried. The 
galilee was often lower than- the rest of the church, and 
was considered less sacred. Three galilees remain In 
England, connected with the cathedrals of Durham, Ely, 
and Lincoln. The name is supposed to have been suggest- 
ed by the passage cited from Mark. Compare narthex. 
But go your way, tell his [Christ's] disciples and Peter 
that he goeth before you into Galilee : there shall ye see 
him. Mark xvi. 7. 
Durham's Galilee, however, is not a porch, for it has no 
entrance save from the church itself. 
The Century, XXXV. 2. 
galilee-porch (gal'i-le -porch), n. A name 
sometimes given to a galilee when it has direct 
communication with the exterior, and can thus 
be considered as a vestibule to the main church. 
galim, a. Same as geleem. 
galimatiast (gal-i-ma'shias), . [Formerly 
also gallimatias; < F. galimatias, nonsense, 
gibberish. According to Huet, the term arose 
from the blundering speech of a certain advo- 
cate, who, pleading in Latin the cause of a man 
named Matthew, whose cook had been stolen, 
often used, instead of gallus Matthiee, Matthew's 
cock, the words galli Matthias, the cock's Mat- 
thew! But this story is doubtless a mere con- 
coction, suggested by the form of the word. It 
is perhaps merely a popular variation of gali- 
mafree, a medley: see gallimaufry."} 1. Con- 
fused talk ; gibberish ; nonsense of any kind. 
And now Tacitus, so long famed for his political saga- 
city, will be made to pronounce this gallimatias from his 
oracular tripod, "The Jews were not convicted so prop- 
erly for the crime of setting fire to Rome, as for the crime 
of being hated by all mankind." 
Warburton, Divine Legation, iv., Pref. 
2. Any confused or nonsensical mixture of in- 
congruous things. 
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several coun- 
tries. Walpole, Letters, II. 332. 
galimeta-wood (gal-i-me'ta-wud), n. The 
wood of the white bully-tree of the West In- 
dies, Dipnolis salicifolia. See bully-tree. 
galingale, . See galangal. 
galiongee (gal-ion-je'), n. [< Turk, qalyonji, 
a man-of-war's man, a sailor in the navy, < 
qatyon, a man-of-war (prob. < It. galeone, a 
galleon: see galleon), + ji, a suffix denoting 
occupation.] A Turkish sailor. 
All that a careless eye could see 
In him was some young Galiongee. 
Byron, Bride of Abydos, ii. a 
galiott, galliott (gal'i-ot), . [Formerly also 
galeot, galleot, galeote; < ME. galiote = D. gal- 
joot = G. galiotte, galeotte = Dan. galliot = Sw. 
galiot, < OF. galiote, F. galiote, galiotte, f., OF. 
(also F.) galiot, m., = Sp. Pg. galeota = It. 
galeotta, < ML. galeota, dim. of galea, a galley : 
see galley.'] 1 . A small galley or a sort of brig- 
antine formerly in use, built for pursuit, and 
propelled by both sails and oars, having one 
mast and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. 
The whole Nauie there meeting together, were 254. tall 
shippes, and aboue threescore galliots. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 24. 
Certain galliots of Turks laying aboard of certain ves- 
sels of Venice. 
Capt. Roger Bodenham (Arber's Eng. Garner, 1. 37). 
There are several fine arsenals about it [the port of 
Candia], which are arched over, in order to build or lay 
up ships or galeotes, though many of them have been de- 
stroyed. Pococke, Description of the East, II. i. 258. 
2. An old Dutch or Flemish vessel for cargoes, 
with very much rounded ribs and a flattish bot- 
tom, a mizzenmast placed near the stern car- 
rying a square mainsail and maintopsail, and a 
forestay to the mainmast (there being no fore- 
mast), with forestaysail and jibs. 3. A bomb- 
ketch. 
2436 
Galipea (gal-i-pe'a), M. [NL.] A genus of ru- 
taceous trees and shrubs of tropical America. 
G. Citxparia is a small tree of Venezuela, and yields the 
Angostura or Cusparia bark, a stimulant aromatic tonic 
and febrifuge. 
galipot (gal'i-pot), . [Also written gallipot; 
< F. gali/tot, formerly galipo (Littr6). Cf. gari- 
pot (16th century), a kind of pine; origin ob- 
scure.] The turpentine which concretes upon 
the stem of Pinus Pinaster. 
galium (ga'li-um), n. [NL., < L. "galium, ga- 
lion, < Gr. ydHiov, galium (so called in allusion 
to tie use of Galium verum in curdling milk), < 
yafa, milk: see galactic."] 1. A plant of the 
genus Galium. 2. [cop.] A large genus of ru- 
biaceous herbs, with square slender stems, ver- 
ticillate estipulate leaves, small tetramerous 
and usually white flowers, and a single seed in 
each of the two cells of the fruit, which is dry 
or sometimes berry-like. The stems are often re- 
trorsely hispid, and the fruit is frequently armed with 
minute hooked prickles. The roots of many species yield 
a purple dye. There are about 2UO species, found in all 
temperate regions, over 30 occurring in the United States. 
The goosegrass or cleavers, G. Aparine, is a common 
species very widely distributed around the globe. Vari- 
ous species are popularly known as bedstraw. The yellow 
or lady's hedstraw, G. verum, has yellow flowers, as has 
also the crosswort, G. cmtciatum. The former is employed 
in some parts of Great Britain for coagulating milk. 
gall 1 (gal), n. [< ME. galle, < AS. gealla, 
ONorth. galla = OS. gotta = D. gal =. MLG. 
galle = OHG. galla, MHG. G. galle = Icel. gall 
= Sw. galla = Dan. galde = L. fel (fell-) (> It. 
fiele ='Sp. hiel = Pg. fel = F. fiel) = Gr. xW (> 
ult. E. cholic 1 , cholera, etc.) = OBulg. zluti, zluci, 
gall, bile ; perhaps allied to AS. geolo, geolu, E. 
yellow, q. v., to L. helvus, yellowish, and to Gr. 
X%up6f, yellowish-green : see chlorin, etc.] 1. 
The bitter secretion of the liver : same as bile 2 ,!. 
See also OX-aall. In the authorized version of the Old 
Testament 'in/I is used to translate two Hebrew words, 
one signifying animal gall, and the other a vegetable poi- 
son the nature of which is involved in uncertainty. In 
Turkey the gall of the carp is used as a green pigment and 
in staining paper. 
Ther hi habbeth dronke bittrere then the galle. 
Flemish Insurrection (Child's Ballads, VI. 273). 
They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall. 
Mat. xxvii. 34. 
Hence 2. Bitterness of feeling; rancor; ma- 
lignity; hate. 
All this not moves me, 
Nor stirs my gall, nor alters my affections. 
Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iv. 3. 
Neither envy nor gall hath enterd me upon this contro- 
versy. Milton, Church-Government, ii., Pref. 
3. The gall-bladder. 
The married couple, as a testimony of future concord, 
did cast the gall of the sacrifice behind the altar. 
Sir T. Browne. 
4. [Cf. bile 2 , 2.] Impudence; effrontery; cheek. 
[Local, slang.] 5. The scum of melted glass. 
In the gall of bitterness. See bitterness. 
gall 2 (gal), n. [Early mod. E. also gaul, gaule; 
< ME. galle, < AS. gealla, a gall (on a horse), 
= D. gal, a windgall, = MLG. galle = MHG. 
galle, a swelling or tumor on a horse's leg, G. 
galle = Dan. galle = Sw. galla, a disease in a 
horse's feet, an excrescence under a horse's 
tongue, = Icel. galli, a flaw, fault, defect. Cf. 
OF. galle, a galling, fretting, itching of the 
skin, F. gale, a scab, scurf, mange, itch, ML. 
galla, scab; Sp. agalla, pi. agalles, windgalls, 
also a distemper of the glands under the cheeks 
or in the tonsils. If the Rom. forms are not of 
Teut. origin, all the forms must be referred to 
L. galla, a gallnut, with which at all events 
they have been confused: see gall 3 ."] 1. A 
sore on the skin, caused by fretting or rubbing ; 
an excoriation. 
Enough, you rubbed the guiltie on the gaule. 
Mir. for Mags., p. 463. 
If they be pricked, they will kick ; if they be rubbed on 
the gall , they will wince. La-timer, Sermon of the Plough. 
This is the fatallest wound ; as much superiour to the 
former as a gangrene is to a gall or a scratch. 
Government of the Tongue. 
2. A fault, imperfection, or blemish. Halli- 
well. [Prov. Eng.] 3. In stone- and marble- 
cutting, a hollow made in the surface of a slab 
by changing the direction of the cut. 4. A spot 
where grass, corn, or trees have failed. HaUi- 
well (spelled gaul). 5. In the southern United 
States, a low spot, as near the mouth of a river, 
where the soil under the matted surface has 
been washed away, or has been so exhausted 
that nothing will grow on it. See bay-gall. 
Cypress-gall, a gall which has a firm, sandy soil, free 
from acidity, bearing a dwarf kind of cypress unfit for use. 
Bartlett. See def. 6. To claw on the gallt. See claw. 
gall 2 (gal), !. [Early mod. E. also gaul, gaule; 
< ME. gallen, chiefly in pp. galled, < AS. *geal- 
gall 
lian, only in pp. gealled, galled, chafed (of a 
horse), = D. gallen, gall, chafe, = OF. galler, 
galer, gall, fret, itch, rub ; from the noun.] I. 
trans. 1. To fret and wear away, as the skin, 
by friction ; excoriate ; break the skin of by 
rubbing: as, a saddle galls the back of a horse. 
Besides, my horse's back is something gall'd, 
Which will enforce me ride a sober pace. 
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Burning Pestle, iv. 2. 
The snorting beast began to trot, 
Which iiaH'il him in his seat. 
Courper, John Gilpin. 
Show us thy neck where the king's chain has galled. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 283. 
2. To impair the surface of by rubbing ; wear 
away : as, to gall a mast or a cable. 
And the Gabriel!, riding asterne fhe Michael, had her 
cable gauld asunder in the hawse with a piece of driuing 
yce. Hakluyt's Voyages, III. 66. 
If it should fall down in a continual stream like a river, 
it would gall the ground, wash away plants by the roots, 
and overthrow houses. Hay, Works of Creation. 
3. To fret ; vex ; irritate : as, to be galled by 
sarcasm. 
Christ himselfe the fountaine of meeknesse found acri- 
mony anough to be still galling and vexing the Prelaticall 
Pharisees. Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. 
No Truths can be so uneasie and provoking as those 
which gaul the Consciences of Men. 
Stilling jleet, Sermons, III. v. 
The sarcasms of the King soon galled the sensitive tem- 
per of the poet. Macaulay, Frederic the Great. 
4. To harass; distress: as, the troops were gall- 
ed by the shot of the enemy. 
Leisly then commanded three hundred horse to advance 
Into the riuer, whom the musqueteers from behind the 
works so galled as they were enforced to retire. 
Baker, Charles I., an. 1640. 
The Christians not merely galled them from the battle- 
ments, but issued forth and cut them down in the exca- 
vations they were attempting to form. 
Irving, Granada, p. 44. 
II. intrans. 1. To fret; be or become chafed. 
Thou'lt gall between the tongue and the teeth, with fret- 
ting. B. Jonson, Bartholomew Fair, ft 1. 
2. To act in a galling manner; make galling 
or irritating remarks. 
I have seen you gleeking and galling at this gentleman 
twice or thrice. Shak., Hen. V., v. 1. 
gall 3 (gal), n. [Not in ME. ; < OF. galle, F. 
galle = OSp. galla, Sp. agalla = Pg. galha = 
It. galla = Dan. galle, in comp. gal- = D. gal- 
= Q. gall- = Sw. gall-, in comp. (see gall-apple, 
gallnut), a gall, gallnut, < L. galla, a gallnut, 
oak-apple.] 1. A vegetable excrescence pro- 
duced by the deposit of the egg of an insect in 
the bark or leaves of a plant, ordinarily due 
to the action of some virus deposited by the 
female along with the egg, but often to the 
irritation of the larva. Galls made by Cynipidte are 
of the former kind ; but some other hymenopters, as cer- 
tain saw-files, and many lepidopters, dipters, coleopters, 
and hemipters are also gall-makers. The galls of commerce 
are produced by a species of Cynips which deposits its 
eggs in the tender shoots of the Quercus Lusitanica (Q. in- 
fectoria), a species of oak abundant in Asia Minor, Syria, 
Persia, etc. Galls are inodorous, and have a nauseously 
bitter and astringent taste. They are nearly spherical, and 
vary from the size of a pea to that of a hazelnut. When 
good, they are of a blue, black, or deep-olive color. They 
Gall, or Oak-apple, produced by Cynips yufrfus-irtaltis, showing the 
internal cobwebby structure. 
are also termed nutgall* or gallnuts, and are known in 
commerce by the names of white, green, and blue. The two 
latter kinds are the best. The chief products of galls are 
tannin or gallotannic acid, of which the best galls yield 
from 60 to 70 per cent. Galls from other species of oak, 
as well as from other kinds of trees, are met with in com- 
merce and are used for dyeing and tanning, as tamarisk- 
galls from Tamarix orientalis, Chinese galls from Rhus 
setnialata, and Bokhara galls from various species of Pis- 
taeia. These galls are of very various forms and sizes. 
The nuts called galls doe ever breake out all at once in a 
night, and namely about the beginning of June, when the 
sunne is out of the signe Gemini. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xvi. 7. 
