gall 
I swear (and else may insects prick 
Each leaf into a gall) 
This girl, for whom your heart is sick, 
Is three times worth them all. 
Tennyson, The Talking Oak. 
In the autumn (also on oak leaves) are found those curi- 
ous flat brownish galls commonly called "oak spangles," 
which by many are taken for fungi, and have indeed been 
described as such. Encyc. Brit., XII. 574. 
2. An excrescence on or under the skin of a 
mammal or a bird, produced by the puncture 
of an acarid or of an insect of the dipterous 
genus (Estrus. Eucyc. Brit. 3. A distortion 
in a plant caused by a species of parasitic fun- 
gus. [Bare.] 
gall 3 (gal), v. t. [< galfi, n.~\ To impregnate 
with a decoction of galls. 
By galling, silk increases in weight, so that by repeating 
several times the steeping in galls a very considerable in- 
crease of weight can be communicated to silk. 
O'Neill, Dyeing and Calico Printing, p. 80. 
For the dyeing of raw silk black, it is flailed cold, with 
the bath of galls which has already served for the black of 
boiled silk. Ure, Diet., I. 358. 
Galla (gal 'a), . [Native name.] One of a 
race of eastern Africa, inhabiting the region 
from Abyssinia southward to the vicinity of 
the equator, and numerous in Abyssinia itself. 
Although having a dark complexion, the Gallas are not 
related to the negroes ; their language is allied to that of 
the Somalis and other neighboring peoples, and belongs 
to the Hamitic division of languages. 
gallachet, . See galosh. 
gallant (gal'ant), a. and . [I. a. < ME. galant, 
galaunt (found only as a noun), < OF. galant, F. 
galant (= Sp. It. galante), gay, sprightly, brave, 
ppr. of galer, rejoice, make merry, < gale, show, 
mirth, festivity, = Sp. Pg. gala, show, court- 
dress, = It. gala, festive attire, ornament (see 
gala 1 ); prob. of Teut. origin: AS. gal, wanton, 
bad, = OS. gel, mirthful, = D. geil = MLG. 
geil, vigorous, hilarious, proud, luxuriant, fer- 
tile, = OHG. MHG. G. geil, rank, luxuriant, 
wanton, lascivious (> Dan. geil, lascivious). 
Of. Icel. gall, a fit of gaiety, Goth, gailjan, make 
to rejoice. II. n. < ME. galant, galaunt, < OF. 
galant, n., = Sp. galan, n. ; from the adj. The 
attempted distinction of accent in the sense 
'polite and attentive to women' is recent (18th 
century) and artificial, in imitation of the F. 
accent.] I. a. 1. Gay; fine; splendid; mag- 
nificent; showy as regards dress, ornamenta- 
tion, or any external decorative effect. [Now 
rare except with reference to attire.] 
The gallant garnishing, and the beautiful setting forth 
of it, ... that he left to his posterity. 
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), ii. 2. 
A comely Virgin in gallant attire, which shall embrace 
him, and he her. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 264. 
Aa Bothwell was walking in the lowlands alane, . . . 
He met six ladies sae gallant and flne. 
Bothwell (Child's Ballads, 1. 158). 
I thought he had been king, he was so gallant ; 
There's none here wears such gold. 
Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, ill. 2. 
This towne is built in a very gallant place. 
Evelyn, Diary, March 18, 1644. 
A more gallant and beautiful armada never before quit- 
ted the shores of Spain. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa. , ii. 4. 
2. Brave; high-spirited; heroic: as, a gallant 
officer. 
Arch. You have an unspeakable comfort of your young 
prince Mamillius. . . . 
Cam. It is a gallant child. Shak., W. T., i. 1. 
Questionless, this Gustavus (whose Anagram is Augus- 
tus) was a great Captain, and a gallant Man. 
Howell, Letters, I. vl. 6. 
He [Lesley] told them, by lying there all was sure; but 
that by engaging in action with gallant and desperate men 
all might be lost ; yet they still called on him to fall on. 
Bp. Burnet, Hist. Own Times, i. 
The gallant soldier whom he [Arnold] had led within the 
American lines . . . expiated his conduct on the gibbet. 
Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiv. 
3. Honorable; magnanimous; chivalrous; no- 
ble : as, a gallant antagonist. 
That gallant spirit hath aspir'd the clouds, 
Which too untimely here did scorn the earth. 
Shak., R. and J., iii. 1. 
4. (Also ga-lant'.) In later use, courtly ; po- 
lite; attentive to women; inclined to court- 
ship; in a bad sense, amorous; erotic. 
When first the soul of love is sent abroad, 
. . . the gay troops [of birds] begin 
In gallant thought to plume the painted wings. 
Thornton, Spring, 1. 585. 
The General attended her himself to the street-door, 
saying everything gallant as they went down stairs, ad- 
miring the elasticity of her walk, which corresponded ex- 
actly with the spirit of her dancing. 
Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, xiii. 
2437 
Violante del Cielo died in 1693, ninety-two years old, 
having written and published many volumes of ... po- 
etry and prose, some of the contents of which are too gal- 
lant to be very mmlike. Ticknor, Span. Lit., III. 26. 
= Syn. 1. Magnificent, brilliant. 2. Valiant, Courageous, 
etc. (see brave); bold, high-spirited, manful. 
II. n . 1 . A gay, dashing person (rarely ap- 
plied to a woman) ; a courtly or fashionable 
man. 
The reformation of our travell'd gallants, 
That fill the court with quarrels, talk, and tailors. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., i. 3. 
I saw the auncient pictures of many Roman Gallants. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 185. 
Mer. This widow seems a gallant. 
Love. A goodly woman ; 
And to her handsomeness she bears her state, 
Reserv'd and great. 
Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 
Now 'tis nois'd I have money enough, how many gal- 
lants of all sorts and sexes court me ! 
Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 
Was it not my Gallant that whistled so charmingly in the 
Parlour, before he went out this Morning? He's a most 
accomplished Cavalier. Steele, Tender Husband, ii. 1. 
2. An ardent, intrepid youth ; a daring spirit ; 
a man of mettle. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
Amongst the rest he had chosen Gabrielle Beadle, and 
lohu Russell, the only two gallants of this last Supply. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 197. 
Scarce blood enough in all their sickly veins 
To give each naked curtle-axe a stain, 
That our French gallants shall to-day draw out. 
Shak., Hen. V., iv. 2. 
3. (Also ga-laut'.) A man who is particularly 
attentive to women ; one who habitually escorts 
or attends upon women ; a ladies' man. 4. A 
wooer ; a suitor ; in a bad sense, a rake ; a lib- 
ertine. 
wicked, wicked world ! one that is well-nigh worn 
to pieces with age, to show himself a young gallant ! 
Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 1. 
She had nothing to dread from midnight assassins or 
drunken gallants. Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, p. 133. 
5f. Naut., any flag carried at the mizzenmast. 
gallant (gal'ant; in senses 2 and 3 ga-lant'), 0. 
[< gallant, n.] I. trans. 1. To make gallant or 
fine ; deck out. [Rare.] 
Enter Bubble gallanted. J. Cook, Green's Tu Quoque. 
She is gallanted in her best bravery of silk and satin. 
N. A. .Re.,CXLIII. 4. 
2. To handle with grace or in a modish man- 
ner. 
1 teach young gentlemen the whole art of gallanting a 
fan. Addison, The Fan Exercise. 
3. To play the gallant toward (a woman) ; at- 
tend or escort with deferential courtesy : as, to 
gallant a lady to the theater. 
Old men, whose trade is 
Still to gallant and dangle with the ladies. 
Goldsmith, Epil. for She Stoops to Conquer. 
II. intrans. To make love ; be gallant. 
I rather hop'd I should no more 
Hear from you o' th' gallanting score. 
For hard dry-bastings used to prove 
The readiest remedies of love. 
S. Butler, Hudibras, II. i. 644. 
gallantiset, n. [< OF. gallantise, < gallant, ga- 
lant, gallant: see gallant.'] Gallant bearing; 
gallantry. 
Grey-headed senate and youth's gallantise. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 6. 
gallantly (gal'ant-li), adv. 1. In a gallant man- 
ner; gaily; showily. [Archaic.] 
The wayes echwhere are galantly paued with foure 
square stone, except it be where for want of stone they 
use to lay bricke. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. ii. 69. 
The golden winged Lyon ... is gallantly displayed 
above the gate. Coryat, Crudities, I. 190. 
Then who would not gladly 
Live in this brave town, 
Which nourishes gallantly 
With high renown ? 
Shrewsbury for Me (Ritson's Ancient Songs). 
2. Bravely; with spirit; heroically; nobly: as, 
to defend a place gallantly. 
The duke of Exeter has very gallantly maintained the 
pridge. Shak., Hen. V., iii. 6. 
The foot behaved themselves very gallantly. 
Clarendon, Civil Wars, II. 474. 
She was giving him a chance to do gallantly what it 
seemed unworthy of both of them he should do meanly. 
H. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 478. 
3. (Also ga-lant'li.) In the manner of a gal- 
lant or wooer. 
gallantness (gal'ant-nes), n. The state or 
quality of being gallant ; gayness ; fine appear- 
ance; bravery; dashing courage. [Nowrare.] 
Than began simplicitie in apparell to be layd aside. 
Courtlie galantnes to be taken vp. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 136. 
gall-duct 
What hope hast thou to grow vp still in the pride of thy 
strength, gallantnes, and health? 
Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins, Ind., p. 9. 
That which gives to human actions the relish of justice is 
acertain nobleness or gallant nesx of courage (rarely found), 
by which a man scorns to be beholding for the content- 
ment of his life to fraud or breach of promise. 
Ilobbes, Man, i. 15. 
gallantry (gal'ant-ri), n. ; pi. gallantries (-riz). 
[< OF. gallanterie, galantcrie, F. galanterie (= 
Sp. galanteria = It. galanteria), < galant, gal- 
lant: see gallant and -ry.] If. Fine appear- 
ance; show; finery; splendor; magnificence. 
Beyond the Riuer of Palmes they found others thus he- 
ringed, and for greater gallantrie ware alxmt their necks 
certaine chaines of teeth, seeming to be the teeth of men. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 647. 
He went along and shewed us the whole towne, and 
indeed I cannot speak enough of the gallantry of the 
towne. 1'epys, Diary, May 15, 1660. 
No sooner was I elected into mine office but I laid aside 
the powdered gallantries of my youth, and became a new 
man. Swift, Mem. of P. P. 
2. Heroic bearing; bravery; intrepidity; high 
spirit : as, the gallantry of the troops under fire 
was admirable. 
I take the gallantry of private soldiers to proceed from 
the same, if not from a nobler impulse than that of gen- 
tlemen and officers. Steele, Taller, No. 87. 
3. Courtliness or polite attention to ladies. 
The soldier breathed the gallantries of France, 
And every flowery courtier writ romance. 
Pope, Imit. of Horace, II. i. 145. 
It was not in the power of all his gallantry to detain 
her longer. Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, p. 99. 
4. In a sinister sense, equivocal attention to 
women ; profligate intrigue. 
In the time of the commonwealth she [the Duchess of 
Cleveland] commenced her career of gallantry, and ter- 
minated it under Anne, by marrying . . . that worthless 
fop. Macaulay, Comic Dramatists of the Restoration. 
He [Lord Auckland] is destitute of all that ability for 
the present discussion which is not to be acquired with- 
out much experience in the arts of practical gallantry. 
Horsley, Speech upon the Adultery Bill. 
5f. Gallants collectively. 
Hector, Deiphobus, Helenus, Antenor, and all the gal- 
lantry of Troy. Shak., T. and C., iii. 1. 
I went to Hide-park, where was his Matte and aboun- 
dance of gallantrie. Evelyn, Diary, July 3, 1660. 
State gallantry, the courtesies of intercourse between 
royal or sovereign houses. 
A more free and indefinite treatment of sovereign houses 
by one another consists in friendly announcements of in- 
teresting events, as births, deaths, betrothals, and mar- 
riages ; and in corresponding expressions of congratula- 
tion or condolence, amounting in the latter case even to 
the putting on of mourning. These courtesies of inter- 
course are called by some text-writers state-gallantry. 
Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, 84. 
gallanty-showt (gal'an-ti-sho), n. [Also gal- 
lantee-, galanty-sliow; < "gallanty, a corruption 
of gallantry or gallantise, + show, n.~\ A minia- 
ture pantomime performed by means of shad- 
ows on a wall or screen. 
yes, I have been, ma'am, to visit the Queen, ma'am, 
And the rest of the ffallantee show. 
Political Ballad of George IV.'s Time. 
gall-apple (gal'ap'l), n. [= D. galappel = G. 
gallapfel = Dan. galable = Sw. gallapple; as 
gall 3 T apple.] The gall of the gall-oak; an 
oak-apple ; a gallnut. 
gallate(gai'at),n. [< gall-4c 2 + -ate 1 .] luchem., 
a salt of gallic acid. Gallates are distinguished by 
the rapidity with which they are decomposed when ex- 
posed to the air in contact with free alkali. 
The residue is exhausted by alcohol, which dissolves 
some acetate and some gallate of potash. 
C. T. Davis, Leather, p. 109. 
gallatin (gal'a-tin), n. A substance obtained 
by the Bethell process (which see, under pro- 
gallatnret (gal'a-tur), n. [< NL. as if *galla- 
tura, < L. gallus, a cock.] The tread of an egg. 
Whether it be not made out of the grando, gallature, 
germ, or tread of the egg, as Aquapende and stricter en- 
quiry informeth us, doth seeme of lesser doubt. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 28. 
gall-beetle (gal'be"tl), . A coleopterous in- 
sect which causes galls : as, the grape-vine gall- 
beetle. See Ampeloglypter. 
gall-bladder (gal'b'lad'er), n. The bile-blad- 
der, gall-cyst, or cholecyst, the cistern or res- 
ervoir in which the bile is received from the 
liver and retained until discharged through the 
gall-duct. It is a very common structure of the higher 
vertebrates, being in man a membranous sac of consider- 
able size and pyriform shape lying on the under surface of 
the right lobe of the liver. See cut under stomach. Fossa 
of the gall-bladder. See /ossai . 
gall-cyst (gal'sist), n. The gall-bladder. 
gall-duct (gal'dukt), n. In anat., a duct con- 
veying gall or bile from the liver to the gall- 
