Gallican 
of that church in other European countries. Its com- 
parative independence has been due to the persistent 
resistance of the civil power, supported by a portion of 
the clergy and people distinctively called the Gallican 
party, to the encroachments of the papal power; but 
there has always been a strong ultramontane party in the 
French church favorable to papal claims. Galilean lib- 
erties, the peculiar privileges enjoyed by the Gallican 
Church. In general they consisted of greater freedom 
from papal domination over the actions of the bishops and 
of the king than was customary in other Roman Catholic 
countries, or than is customary in France at_ the ^present 
2440 
galling 
in Garrod's classification, an order of a sub- prascocial ptilopsedlc birds, with sohizognathous palate 
(see cut under schtzognathuus), schizorhinal nasal bones, 
class Homalogonuta, consisting of the three 
cohorts Striitliirmt's, Gallinacei, and Psittnri. 
[Not in use.] 
galligaskins (gal-i-gas'kinz), . pi. [Formerly 
also gallygaskins, gallygascoynes, gallogascoins 
(abbr. gaskins, gascoynes); a corruption (due to 
a mistaken notion that "these trowsers were 
first worn by the Gallic Gascons, i. e., the inhabi- 
, , 
recurved angle of the mandible, sessile basipterygoid fa- 
cets, generally a deeply double-notched sternum, a liypo- 
clidium (see cut under/urcuio), intestinal caeca, a musca- 
sanction of Charles VII. inl438, and bythe "Declaration greguesques, slops, gregs, gallogascoins, Veni- 
of the Clergy "drawn up by Bossuet in 1682, which asserted tians," which appears contracted in "gregucn, 
%tW^^$SWS^*. wide slops, gregs, gallogascoins, Venitians, 
r _ r _ TheGallican liberties were con- 
firmed under the rule of Napoleon I. , but the French church 
is becoming increasingly ultramontane. Galilean litur- 
gies, Gallican liturgy, the liturgies or group of liturgies 
anciently used in C.aul or France and in some adjacent 
countries, especially in Spain. In Gaul these liturgies were 
suppressed by Charlemagne and his successors in the 
ninth century, and the Roman office was substituted for 
them. The remains of these rites are few and fragmen- 
tary. The wording of Borne of the prayers in the different 
local uses differed greatly, but the Important features and 
the arrangement of parts were the same throughout. The 
liturgies originally used in Spain were of the same class, 
BO that the group has been called the Hispano-Gallican 
family of liturgies. In Spain these rites had by the elev- 
enth century become almost entirely supplanted by the 
Roman, but at the beginning of the sixteenth century the 
typical Spanish form, known as the Mozarabic liturgy, 
was revived by Cardinal Ximenes. The ancient liturgies of 
the British, Irish, and Scotch apparently belonged to the 
Gallican group ; but their classification is disputed, and 
the remains are scanty. The use established among the 
Anglo-Saxons by St. Augustine of Canterbury probably 
contained Gallican elements, of which there are traces in 
the Use of Sarum, etc. The Gallican type of liturgy is_ 
believed to be derived throi 
great Gascon or Spanish hose" (Cotgrave), 
really of Italian (Venetian) origin, < It. Gre- 
chesco, Greekish, < Greco, < L. Grcecus, Greek: 
see Greek, grecco, grego, gregs. Cf. pantaloons, 
also of Venetian origin.] 1. A fashion of hose 
or slops worn in the sixteenth century. Also 
called gregs, Venetians, and gaskins. 
My galligaskins, that have long withstood 
The winter's fury and encroaching frosts, . . . 
A horrid chasm disclosed. 
J. Philips, Splendid Shilling. 
Off went his heavy boots ; doublet to the right, gaUi- 
gaekiiis to the left. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 145. 
Hence 2. Loose breeches in general. 
Every good housewife made the clothes of her husband 
and family, and even the goede vrouw of Van Twiller him- 
self thought it no disparagement to cut out her husband's 
linsey-woolsey galligaskins. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 175. 
3. Leather guards worn on the legs by sports- 
men. Simmonas. 
hrough the primitive churches of <r a lli ma tiast, n. See galimatias. 
Aries and Lyons from Ephesus, ami has accordingly been ,i li _,,,f_, 7 i crallima'nfrpvt lira.} i-ma'fril n 
called Eaheslne, and referred to St. Paul and St. John, gallimaulryt, gailimauireyt ( ma in), n. , 
It differs greatly from the Roman in its constituent parts, pi. gallimaufries, gallimaufreys (-inz). L*or- 
their names, and arrangement, and agrees in many and im- rnerly also gallimawfry, gallimaufray, gaily mau'- 
" u, gallimalfry, etc., < OF. galimafree, a ragout, 
' ' -' ' J - Cf. galimatias.] 1. Ahash ; 
portant particulars with eastern liturgies, 
clature of its various parts Is, however, a' 
The nomen- 
most of these parts, retaining their titles and places in 
the office, are variable, the number of different occasions 
for which such variations are provided being also much 
greater than in other western rites, and this variation ex- 
tending even to the canon. See Mozarabic. 
II. n. In Bom. Cath. theol., one who holds 
Gallican doctrines. See Gallicanism. 
Gallicanism (gal'i-kan-izm), n. [< Gallican + 
-ism.] The spirit of nationalism within the 
French church, as opposed to the absolutism 
of the papal see. It grew in strength during the mid- 
dle ages, and culminated in the reign of Louis XIV. The 
Gallican liberties, in which this spirit was expressed, dis- 
appeared at the time of the revolution ; and, though since 
restored and nominally in existence, ultramontanism has 
during the nineteenth century triumphed over Gallican- 
ism. 
Gallic^ (gal'i-se), adv. [< L. Gallice, in French 
(Gallic), < Gallicus, Gallic, French : see Gallic^.] 
In French. 
a medley ; a hodgepodge, made up of the rem- 
nants and scraps of the larder. 
Another contayneth a Oallimawfrey of Apples. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 206. 
O Lord ! he hath supped up all the broth of this galli- 
maufry. French. Schoolmaster (1636). 
Hence 2. Any inconsistent or ridiculous 
medley. 
So now they have made our English tongue a gallimau- 
frav. or hodgepodge of al other speches. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., Ded. 
They have a dance, which the wenches say is a galli- 
maufry of gambols, because they are not in 't. 
Shale., W. T., Iv. S. 
Their Alcoran itself a gallimaufry of lies, tales, cere- 
monies, traditions, precepts. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel. , p. 622. 
3. A medley of persons. [Humorous.] 
He woos both high and low, both rich and poor, 
Both young and old, one with another, Ford ; 
He loves the gally-inawfry, Ford, perpend. 
5Aot.,M. W. of W., ii. 1. 
Typical Skull of Galli*a( Common Fowl). 
A side view : sa, suraneular bone of mandible ; ar, articular of 
mandible ; rf. dentary ; /. Yrontal . j, jugal ; /, lacrymal ; iru, mes- 
ethiuoid ; mx, maxillary ; f, parietal r f/, postfrontal process ; //. 
pterygoid; fx, premaxillary ; 9, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal ; W, 
squiimosal ; 7', vomer. Jl, vertical longitudinal section. Letters as be- 
fore: also: 1/5, alisphenoid; bo, basioccipital ; so, supraoccipital ; 
os, orbttosphenoid ; f , prootic ; f/, pituitary fossa ; sf, splenial bone. 
lar gizzard, two carotids (except in Jfegapodidtt), no in- 
trinsic syringeal muscles, tufted oil-gland, aftershafted 
plumage, rectrices usually more than 12, feet 4-toed, legs 
feathered to the suffrage or beyond, claws blunt, nostrils 
scaled or feathered In a short nasal fossa, and the bill va- 
riable in form, corneous, and with the culmen rising on the 
forehead. The Gallince are divisible into two series or sub- 
orders: Pcriitopodts, the pigeon-toed fowls, of the fami- 
lies Cracidce and Megapodtda; and Altctoropodes or typi- 
cal fowls, of the families Phasianidcf, Meleagrididac, .A u- 
midida!, Tetraonidie, and Perdieida. Families which have 
been improperly referred to the Gallina and are now elim- 
inated are Dididte, Pteroclidte, Turnicidai, Opisthocomi- 
dtf Chionidida:, and Tinamidce. 
GallinagO (gal-i-na'go), n. [NL., < L. aallina, 
a hen.] The leading genus of true snipes, of 
the family Scolopacidae. The bill is much longer than 
the head, perfectly straight, dilated a little and very sen- 
sitive at the end, with the lateral grooves running more 
than half way to the tip, and the gape short. The tarsus 
is not longer than the middle toe and claw, the toes are 
Gallicism (gal'i-sizm), n. [= F. gallicisme ; 
as Gallic^- + -ism.] A form or style of speech 
peculiar to the French language ; the use by 
an English or other foreign writer or speaker Gallinaceae (gal-i-na'se-e), n. pi. . 
of a form or expression, as a particular sense of fern, of L. gallinaceus : see gallinaceous.] 
a word or manner of phraseology, peculiar to rasorial birds proper, commonly rated as an 
the French language. Thus, the use of the word order or suborder, and containing^ all kinds of 
'assist' in the sense of 'be present' or of the phrase ' it domestic fowls or poultry, and their feral rela- 
goes without saying,' and similar expressions, are re- jj ves ag turkeys, pheasants, grouse, partridges, 
garded as Gallicisms. nuails, guinea-fowls, the mound-birds of Aus- 
Galhcize (gal i-siz), v. ; pret. and pp. Gall,- ? r ^ 1 a 8 ' t f e l cura8SOW8 hocco8?guang , e tc.: equiv- 
azed, ppr. Gallicizing. [< Galhf + -ize.] To > h M ^ er J> ^^ th ^ ; . 
make French in opinions, habits, or modes of 
speech; especially, to render conformable to 
the French idiom or language. Also spelled 
Gallicise. 
geons. It is an old name of the group, used with varying 
latitude, and now less frequently employed than Oallince 
(which see for technical characters). Also Galli. 
gallinacean (gal-i-na'shian), a. and . I. a. 
Of or pertaining to the Gallinaceae. 
II. n. One of the Gallinacece, Gallinacei, or 
GalliiHS. 
Gallicolae (ga-lik'o-le), n. pi. [NL., pi. of galli- Gallinacei (gal-i-na'se-i), n. pi. [NL., pi. of L. 
cola : see gallicolous.] 1 . In Latreille's system gallinaceus.] Same as Gallina 
Being, since my travels, very much gallicized in my 
character, I ordered a pint of claret. 
Sydney Smith, in Lady Holland, ix. 
, . 
Gallinacea or Gallina;; 
Cynipidce; the gall-flies. 2. In Meigen's sys- < gallus, a cock.] Having the characters of a 
tern (1818), a group of dipterous insects of his bird of theorderGoJJin<8orGaZ(naea!;rasorial. 
family Tipularia;, containing the genus Ceci- Spallanzani has remarked a circumstantial resemblance 
domuia and other genera, and corresponding between the stomachs of gallinaceous fowls land I the struc- 
pretty accurately to the modern famil/Cecido- ture ' corn-m,lls. 
myida; ; the gall-gnats or gall-midges. Gallinae (ga-H'ne), n. pi. [NL., pi. of L. galli- 
eailicolous (ga-lik'6-lus), a. [< NL. gallicola, na, a hen, < gallus, a cock.] 1. A Linnean or- 
--"'' der of birds, the fifth of the system, composed 
of the genera Didus, Paro, Meleagris, Crai, 
Phasianus, Numida, and Tetrao. It is practical- 
ly the same as the later order Gallinacefs, or 
Kasores without the pigeons. 2. An order of 
, a. [< 
< L. galla, gallnut, + colere, inhabit.] Inhab- 
iting galls ; specifically, pertaining to or hav- 
ing the characters of the Gallicola. 
galliform (gal'i-fdrm), a. [< NL. galliformis, 
< L. gallus, a cock, + forma, form.] Having 
the form or structure of a gallinaceous bird ; 
of gallinaceous affinities ; galline. 
Galliformes (gal-i-f6r'mez), n. pi. In ornith.. 
formerly^ gallinaceous birds collectively; now, 
birds, the Gallinaceie of authors, from which 
sundry non-conformable genera have been 
eliminated; the same as the Aleetoromorplia! of 
Huxley. It is a group of chiefly terrestrial polygamous 
EETJ 
Common American or Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago MMMtJi 
cleft completely U> the base, and the tail has more than 
12 feathers. There are several species, of most partaof the 
world. The common snipe of Europe is Gallinago mtdia or 
G.codestis; thatof America is G.wttemi. Seesnipe. Also 
called Ascalopax. 
gallinazo (gal-i-na'zo), n. [< Sp. gallinaza, a 
vulture, < L. gallinaceus, gallinaceous : see gal- 
linaceous.'] The Spanish-American name of an 
American vulture of either of the genera Ca- 
thartes and Catharista, as the turkey-buzzard, 
Cafhartes aura, or the carrion-crow, Catharista 
atrata. 
galline (gal'in), a. [< L. gallus, a cock (gallina, 
a hen), + -iwel.] Pertaining to or resembling 
the barn-yard fowl ; gallinaceous. [Rare.] 
The Brush-Turkey . . . was originally described by 
Latham in 1821 under the name of the New-Holland Vul- 
ture, a misleading designation which he subsequently tried 
to correct on perceiving its Galline character. 
A. Xewton, Encyc. Brit., \V. 827. 
galling(ga'ling),p.a. [Ppr. of gaW,v.] Such 
as to gall, irritate, or distress; extremely an- 
noying; harrowing; provoking. 
There is a provoking condescension, even in his wrath, 
which must be moK galling to an adversary than the most 
ungovernable outbreak of rage and invective. 
Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 191. 
