galling 
But the Alabama, placing herself in an unassailable po. 
sition on his bow, hart him completely at her mercy, and 
continued to pour in a iifillinfj fire. 
J. R. Soley, Blockade and Cruisers, p. 198. 
gallingly (ga'ling-li), adv. In a galling man- 
ner; annoyingly; provokingly. 
Feels its unwieldy robe sit on his shoulders 
Constrained and yallingly. J. Baillie. 
gallingness (ga'ling-nes), . The quality or 
character of being galling or irritating. 
Church-government (the gallingtieas of whose yoke is the 
grand scarecrow that frights us here). Boyle, Works, 1. 39. 
gallinha (Pg. pron. gal-le'nyii), . [Pg. gi- 
linlia, a hen, < L. galiina, a hen.] A nominal 
money of account on the west coast of Africa, 
represented by cowries. Imp. Diet. 
gallinipper (gal'i-nip-er), . [Origin obscure; 
by some supposed to stand for *yallnipper (?), in 
oblique double allusion to the gall-fly and to 
the galling nature of the mosquito's attentions : 
see galfi, nallV, and nipper.] A large mosquito. 
[U.S.] ' 
He lay there several minutes covered with ravenous in- 
sects, . . . when the narrator, to test his powers of en- 
durance, applied the burning end of his cigar to the poor 
fellow's back. He jumped up . . . exclaiming, " Did you 
not promise to keep off the i/allinippers ? " 
S. De Vere, Americanisms, p. 392. 
gall-insect (gal'ln'sekt), n. 1. A gall-fly. 2. 
Some other insect which causes galls; a gall- 
maker, as the phylloxera. 3. Specifically, one 
of the Gallinsecta; a scale-insect. 
Gallinsecta (gal-in-sek'ta), n. pi. [NL., < L. 
galla, oak-gall, + insecta, insects: see galton- 
sect.] In Latreille's system of classification, 
the third family of the homopterous hemipte- 
rans, corresponding to the Linnean genus Cov- 
ens; the scale-insects, now forming a family 
CoccicUe, of the suborder Monomera of West- 
wood. The cochineal, Coccus cacti, is a species of this 
group. (See cut under Coccus.) Coccus polonicus is the 
scarlekgrain of Poland. 
Gallinula (ga-lin'u-lit), n. [L., dim. of galiina, 
a hen: see Gallince.]" The typical genus of the 
subfamily GaUinulinas, formerly coextensive 
therewith, now restricted to such species as 
the common gallinule of Europe, G. chloropus, 
or that of America, G. galeata. It is characterized 
by a somber plumage, a moderate bill and frontal boss, 
median and linear nostrils, and toes with a marginal mem- 
brane. There are several species of these ordinary galli- 
nules or mud-hens, of various parts of the world. 
gallinule (gal'i-nul), . A bird of the sub- 
family Gallinulirue, and especially of the genus 
Gallinula. The gallinules, or mud-hens and water-hens, 
are marsh-birds related to the rails and coots. Some of 
them are very beautiful in coloration, and are known as 
sultans and hyacinths, but most are dull-colored like the 
rails. There are about 30 species, of several genera, inhab- 
iting most parts of the world. The Florida gallinule, or 
red-billed mud-hen of the United States, is about 13 inches 
long, with greenish feet, and a general grayish-black color, 
becoming brownish-olive on the back, pale or whitish on 
the belly, and white on the edge of the wing, with white 
stripes on the flank. It is resident in the Southern States 
and common along the coast in marshes. The general hab- 
Floricla Gallinule (Gallinuia galcata). 
its are like those of rails. The purple gallinule is a iinu-h 
handsomer bird, of a different genus, lonornis martinica, 
inhabiting the warmer parts of America and the southern 
Atlantic coast of the United States. The common or black 
(Xallinule is locally called in the United States marsh-hen, 
moof'hfn, mud-hen, inarxh-pullet, mud-pullet, rice-hen, 
khtfi-ortolan, kiny-nora, water-chicken, etc. 
Gallinulinae (ga-lin-u-li'ne), n. pi. [NL., < L. 
Gallinula + -inai.~\ A subfamily of aquatic 
paludicole birds, of the family EalUdas and or- 
deTAlectorides, having the forehead shielded by 
a horny boss formed by a prolongation of the 
culmen or mesorhinium, the bill short and 
stout, the feet large with long toes not webbed 
or lobed, but simple or slightly margined ; the 
gallinules. See Gallinula and gallinule. 
galliont, >i. See galleon. 
galliott, . See galiot. 
gallipago (gal-i-pa'go), n. Same as galapaao. 
2441 
gallipavo (gal-i-pa'vo), w. Same as gallopato, 
Gallipoli oil. See oil. 
gallipot 1 (gal'i-pot), n. [Formerly also gally- 
pot, galliepot, galiepot ; appar. a corruption 
(with accent orig. on the second syllable) of 
OD. glcypot, a gallipot (cf. gleywerJc, glazed 
work), < gleye, gley, shining potters' clay (cf. 
North Fries, glay, shining, D. gleis, glazed, var- 
nished), + pot, pot. The same first element 
appears in gallitile, q. v.] A small pot or ves- 
sel, painted and glazed, used by druggists and 
apothecaries for holding medicines. 
The gallypots of apothecaries ... on the outside had 
apes and owls and antiques, but contained within sover- 
eign and precious liquors and confections. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 35. 
Sir Humphry Davy himself was apprenticed to an apothe- 
cary, and made his first experiments in chemistry with his 
master's phials and gallipots. Everett, Orations, I. 304. 
gallipot 2 , n. See galipot. 
gallisize (gal'i-siz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. galli- 
sized, ppr. gallisizing. Same as gallize. [Rare.] 
Science affords a means of distinguishing a gallisized 
from a natural wine, if the added sugar consisted of dex- 
trose. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 603. 
gallitilet (gal'i-til), . [Also galleytile, galle- 
tyle; appar. < galli- in gallipot 1 , q.-f., + tile.'] A 
tile used for paving or wall-decoration. 
About the year 1570, I. Andries and I. Janson, potters, 
came from Antwerp, and settled in Norwich, where they 
followed their trade, making galley-tile and apothecaries' 
vessels [gallipots]. Stow. 
It is to be known of what stuff galletyle is made, and 
how the colours in it are varied. 
Bacon, Compounding of Metals. 
gallium (gal'i-um), n. [NL., < L. Gallia, Gaul, 
France.] Chemical symbol, Ga ; specific gravity, 
5.935. A rare malleable metal, discovered by 
means of spectrum analysis in 1875 by M. Lecoq 
de Boisbaudran in the zinc-blende of Pierrefitte 
in the Pyrenees. It is of a grayish- white color and bril- 
liant luster, and fuses at so low a point (30 C. or 86 F.) as 
to melt readily by the mere warmth of the hand. It has 
as yet been prepared only in small quantities. In its prop- 
erties it is related to aluminium, and its spectrum consists 
of two violet lines, one well denned and eminently charac- 
teristic. 
gallivant (gal-i-vanf ), v. i. [Also written galla- 
vant, galavant, and dial, galligant; perhaps a 
variation of gallant, v.] To gad about; spend 
time frivolously or in pleasure-seeking, espe- 
cially with the opposite sex. [Colloq.] 
You were out all day yesterday, and gallivanting some- 
where, I know. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, Ixiv. 
" Go . . . and ask her to dance with you." " I am not 
in the humor to gallivant," was the languid reply. 
C. Reade, Clouds and Sunshine, p. 5. 
gallivat (gal'i-vat), n. [E. Ind.] A large boat 
used in the far East, rarely exceeding 70 tons 
in burden, two-masted, and commonly carry- 
ing small swivel-guns. The Malay pirates em- 
ploy these boats on account of their swift- 
ness. 
gallivorous (ga-liv'o-rus), a. [< L. galla, a gall- 
nut, + vorare, eat, devour: see gall 3 .] In en- 
torn. , devouring the interior of galls : applied to 
the larvee of gall-producing insects. 
galliwasp (gal'i-wosp), n. [Appar. of W. Ind. 
origin.] A lizard, Cclestus oceiduus, about a 
foot long, remarkably stout and plump, and 
brown in general color. It is a native of the West 
Indies, and seems to be particularly common in Jamaica, 
where it is much dreaded and abhorred by the inhabitants, 
though without reason. Also spelled yallywasp. 
Then all, sitting on the sandy turf, defiant of galliwasps 
and jack-spaniards, and all the weapons of the insect host, 
partook of the equal banquet 
Kingxley, Westward Ho, xvii. 
gallize (gal'Iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. gallized, ppr. 
f/allizing. [< Gall (seedef.) + -ize.] In wine- 
manuf. , to add (to the unf ermented grape-juice) 
sufficient water to reduce it to a given standard 
of acidity, and then sufficient sugar to bring 
the whole to the standard of sweetness scientifi- 
cally determined to be the most advantageous. 
This method is named frfmi Dr. L. Gall of Treves, who 
carried on with success tlje experiments introduced by the 
French chemist Petiot, with a view to improve the qual- 
ity and increase the quantity of the wine which can be 
produced from a given lot of grapes. 
gall-louse (gal'lous), re. One of those aphids, 
of the subfamilies Pemphiginaiand Pkylloxerinw, 
which make galls. The vine-pest, Phylloxera vasta- 
trix, is known as the grape gall-louse. See cut in next 
column, and cuts under Hormaphis and Pemphigus. 
gallon 
gall-maker (gal'ma"ker), n. Any gall-making 
insect, as a dipterous cecidomyian or a hyme- 
nopterous cynipid. 
gall-midge (gal'mij), n. 
licola;, 2. 
A gall-gnat. See Gal- 
Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vattatrtx), the small figures show- 
ing natural sizes, a, roots of vine, showing swellings ; b, larva as it 
appears when hibernating ; e,f. and , forms of more mature lice. 
gall-mite (gal'mlt), n. One of the true mites, 
of the genus Phytoptus, which produce galls. 
P. qnadripes makes galls on the leaves of the 
soft maple. 
gall-moth (gal'm6th), n. One of those moths 
whose larvee live in the stems of plants, upon 
which artificial external 
swellings are produced 
by their work. Species 
of both the Tineidce and the 
Tortricidce have this habit. 
Qelechiu gallm-solidaginis is 
a tineid whose larva? pro- 
duce ellipsoidal nodes on the 
stems of the various golden- 
rods. P<Kdi*casaligneana\s G aii. m oth (Gtieehia gaiUMtii. 
a tortricid whose larva makes aaginis), natural size, 
a similar gall. Qrapholitha 
ninana is a very handsome tortricid whose galls are found 
on Acacia felicina. See also cut under Pwdisca. 
gallnut (gal'nut), n. [= D. galnoot; as gaU s 
+ imt.] Same as gall 3 , 1. 
gallocyanine (gal-o-si'a-nin), . [< gallic^ + 
cyanine.] A coal-tar color used in dyeing, ob- 
tained by the action of nitroso-dimethyl-ani- 
line on tannic acid. It yields a bluish-violet color of 
moderate brilliancy, but tolerably fast. It is applicable to 
cotton, wool, or silk. Also called new fast violet. 
galloglass, n. See gallowglass. 
Gallomania (gal-o-ma'ni-a), n. [< L. Gallus, 
a Gaul (Frenchman), + mania, madness.] A 
mania for imitating the French in manners, 
customs, dress, literature, etc. 
Gallomania had become the prevailing social epidemic 
of the time. D. Wallace, Russia, p. 388. 
gallon (gal'on), n. [< ME. galon, galun, ga- 
loun, < OF. galon, gallon, galoun, galun, jalon, 
jallon, jaillon, F. gallon (= Sp. galon = Pg. 
galSo = It. gallone); ML. galo(n-), galona, a 
gallon; perhaps aug. of OF. *gale,jale, F.jale, 
a bowl. Cf. gill*.] 1. An English measure of 
capacity for dry or liquid substances, but usu- 
ally for liquids, containing 4 quarts. The old 
wine-gallon, which was declared by law to contain 231 cubic 
inches, and to be equal to a cylinder 7 inches in diameter 
and 6 inches high, is now the legal gallon of the United 
States, where it is taken as the volume of 8.3389 pounds 
avoirdupois of water at its maximum density weighed in 
air at 30 inches and 62 F. The imperial gallon now estab- 
lished in Great Britain for all liquid and dry substances 
contains 10 imperial pounds of distilled water at 62 F., 
weighed in air of the same temperature and at 30 inches. 
It has been ascertained to contain 277.274 cubic inches. 
A statute of 1266 declares that "8 pounds do make a 
gallon of wine, and 8 gallons of wine do make a bushel." 
There was thus but one legal gallon. The pound referred 
to in the statute was somewhat lighter than the troy pound, 
but it would seem that in course of time the avoirdupois 
pound was substituted in practice, for the wine-gallon uni- 
versally used in the latter part of the seventeenth century 
contained 224.4 cubic inches, while 8 avoirdupois pounds of 
British wine (of gooseberry or elderberry) measure about 
226 inches. This wine-gallon was generally supposed, and 
in 1689 was legally declared, to contain 231 cubic inches, 
so that it was found convenient in 1707 to legalize a stan- 
dard that was more accurately of this capacity. This law 
remains in force in the United States, though that standard 
has long been disused. A statute of 1452 defined the gal- 
lon as 8 troy pounds of wheat (still recognizing but one 
gallon), but the standard exchequer gallon constructed 
under Henry VII., and supposed to represent the gallon 
then used, contains 274i cubic inches. It was generally 
thought to contain 272J inches, and the statute of 1697, 
defining dry measures, was intended to conform to this, 
although it actually makes the corn-gallon 268.6 cubic 
inches. Elizabeth constructed a standard gallon of 282 
cubic inches (or nearly 8 pounds avoirdupois of wheat), 
which became the old ale-gallon. The Irish gallon, which 
from 1450 to 1695 had contained 8 pounds troy of wine, 
was at the latter date carried to 272J cubic inches; but 
in 1735 it was again changed to 217.1 cubic inches for all 
purposes. The Scotch gallon was no less than 840 cubic 
inches. The United States gallon is equivalent to 3.7863 
liters. Abbreviated gal. 
