galvanoscopic 
2445 
galvanoscopic (g;il va-uo-skop'ik), n. [<</'- Gamasus (gam'a-sus), H. [NL. (Latreillr, 
1S02).] A genus of mites, typical of the family 
(Itnua^idw. G. colevpterorum is a common parasite of 
carrion-beetles, such as a t eSili,hi,la; which are found c,.v- 
ji ui.es. 
fc, = Pr r/,& = Sp. ff/6, OSp! 
' / f ft *< " ML ^ j 
LL hoof b ,/Celtio origin, akin to 
ca ^, crooked: see cam2. Cf. gamble*, jamb.] 
' the wh ^, e fo 
^ If ^ or 
^ d ^ . . .,. . g ^^^y a paw 
+ -it:] Of or pertaining to a gal- 
vanosoope 
galvanO-thermometer(gal' / va-u6-ther-mom'e- 
'ter), ,, KK VKmeter.] An ap- 
paratus used in measuring the amount of heat 
produced by an electric current m passing 
through conductors of vary.ng resistance. 
galvanotropism (gal-va-uot ro-pizm), . 
yahamc + Up e. (-rpo f in comp.), tun, 
round, + -.] In feoi the movements m grow- 
mg organs produced by the passage through 
them of electric currents. 
_ 
Elfving fund that when a root is placed vertically be- g am b a l (gam'ba), n. ; pi. gambol (-be). 
tween two electrodes it curves towards the positive elec- '"*<' ..'> < F ' _\ ' 
trode- that is, against the direction of the current. In < LL- gamba, hoof, ML. gamba, leg . s 
one case (Cabbage) the curvature was towards the nega- 
tive electrode. Miiller (Hettlingen), in repeating Elf ving's 
experiments, found that the curvature was in all cases 
negative pole. These phenomena are spoken of as "galva- 
notropiinn." Encyc. Brit., XIX. 60. 
galver (gal'ver), v. i. [Origiu_obscure.] To 
nimbly; actively. 
A light gennet that is young and trotteth galverly, of 
good making, colour, and fast going. 
Wriothesley, To Sir T. Wyatt, Oct., 153T. 
galwet, galwest, Middle English forms of 
gallows. 
galyngalet, . See galangal. Chaucer. 
galypott, An obsolete form of gallipot 1 . 
gam (gam), v. i. ; pret. and pp. gammed, ppr. 
[Perhaps a var. of jam 1 . Cf. gam- 
[NL., 
see gamb 
and jamb.] In anat., the metacarpus or meta- 
tarsus of some animals, as the ruminants and 
solidungulates. 
gamba 2 (gam'ba), n. Short for viol da gamba. 
See viol. 
Some likewise there affect the Gamba with the voice, 
To shew that England could variety afford. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, iv. 358. 
Quickly gambade, gambado (gam-bad', -ba'do), n. [< 
It. gamba, the leg; the form seems to imitate 
that of F. gambade, a gambol: see gambol, n.] 
1 . A spatterdash or gaiter for covering the leg 
when riding or walking in muddy roads. 
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at 
the side with rusty clasps. Scott. 
2. pi. Boots fixed to the saddle of a horseman, 
instead of stirrups. Fairholt. 
I know not whether he [James I. ] or his son first brought 
up the use of gambadoes, much worne in the west, whereby, 
while one rides on horseback, his leggs are in a coach, 
clean and warme, in those dirty countries. 
Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall. 
n. 
gamming. 
ming.] 1. To herd together or form a school, 
as whales; crowd toglther and swim in the 
same direction. Hence 2. To make a call, gambae, n. Plural of gamba 1 . 
exchange visits, have a chat, etc., as fishermen gambaisont, n. Same as gambeson. 
or fishmg- vessels. gambalockt, n. A kind of nding-gown. 
This visiting between the crews of ships at sea is called, 
among whalemen aamminq 
R. 'H. Dana', Jr., Before the Mast, p. 240. 
Da- 
A man of tall stature, clothed in a gambalock of scarlet, 
buttoned under the chin with a bosse of gold. 
Sandys, Travailes (1652), p. 119. 
gam (gam), TO. [<. gam, v] 1. A herd or school gambe, n. See gamb. 
of whales. Toward the close of a season, when whales gambesont, gambisont (gam'be-son, -bi-son), 
are seen in J_arge gams, it is regarded by^the whalers as _ [WE. gambeson, gambisoun, gamboison, game- 
etc., < OF. gambeson, gambai- 
a sign that they will soon leave the grounds. 
Hence 2. A social visit between fishermen ; 
a chat, call, or other exchange of courtesies, 
as when vessels meet and speak each other, 
exchange visits, give and take letters aboard, 
etc. 
The gam was long and sober and serious ; the two sea- 
dogs . . . compared reckoning, hoped for whales, and 
discussed the weather in no complimentary manner. 
a. Melville, Moby Dick. 
gama-grass (ga'ma-gras), n. A tall, stout, and 
exceedingly productive grass, Tripsacmn dacty- 
loides, cultivated in Mexico and elsewhere in 
southern North America, in the West Indies, 
and to some extent in Europe. It bears drought 
remarkably well, and the shoots may be cut three or four 
times in a season, making a coarse but nutritions hay, 
resembling corn-fodder, of which cattle and horses are 
very fond. 
Gamasea, Gamasei (ga-ma'se-a, -5), n. pi. 
Same as Gamasidts. 
gamashest (ga-mash'ez), n. pi. [< OF. ga- 
maclies = It. gamascie (ML. gamacha), spatter- 
dashes, < OF. gambe, F. jambe, leg (> E.jamb), 
= It. gamba, leg: see jamb.] A protection for 
the shoes, hose, etc., from mud and rain, worn 
especially by horsemen in the seventeenth 
century. They appear to have been sometimes of the 
nature of boots and sometimes of the nature of leggings. 
Also gamaches. 
Lay my richest sute on the top, my velvet slippers, 
cloth-of-gold gamashes. Marstrm, What you Will, ii. 1. 
Daccus is all bedawb'd with golden lace, 
Hose, doublet, jerkin ; and gamashes too. 
Davies, Scourge of Folly (1611). 
gamble 
leaves and young shoots of Uttcaria Gambier, 
a rubiaceous shrub of the Malayan peninsula 
and islands, which climbs by means of hooked 
:-|> 'ncs. It is used medicinally as an astringent, but is 
UK >iv extensively employed in tanning and dyeing. It 
occurs in commerce in cubical pieces of about an inch in 
size, opaque and of a yellowish color, with an even, dull 
fracture, and soluble in boiling water. It i chiefly im- 
ported from Singapore, and is also known as Terra Ja- 
poniea and pale catechu. 
We went along a good road . . . until we came to a 
pepper and gatiibir plantation. ... I find that \gamtir\ 
... is largely exported to Europe, where it is occasion- 
ally employed for giving weight to silks, and for tinning 
purposes. Lady Brastey, Voyage of Sunbeam, II. xxiv. 
gambiext, n. Same as gambeson. 
gambisont, n. See gambeson. 
gambist (gam'bist), n. [< gamba 2 + -ist.] In 
music, a player on the gamba, or viol da gamba. 
Burney, and Mozart in his letters, both speak of the 
Elector Maximilian III. of Bavaria as an accomplished 
gambist. Grove, Diet. Music, I. 580. 
gambit (gam'bit), n. [< F. gambit, a gambit, < 
It. gambetto, a tripping up of one's legs (cf. OF. 
jambet, a tripping of the legs, a feint, a sudden 
attack, faire le jambet, orjamber, trip the legs, 
make a feint, deceive), < gamba, leg : see gamb, 
jamb.] In chess-playing, an opening in which 
a pawn or a piece is sacrificed, or at least of- 
fered, for the sake of, or with the object of ob- 
taining, an advantageous attack. The gambit is 
said to be accepted or declined, according as the pawn or 
piece thus offered is or is not taken. A gambit played by 
the second player is called a counter-gamttit. Of all the 
chess-openings, the Evans gambit (so named from a cap- 
tain of the British navy, who originated it about 1833) has 
been the most thoroughly analyzed in its multitudinous 
variations; while next in order probably come the King's 
Bishop's gambit and the Scotch gambit. Some of the 
gambits differentiated below in the ordinary chess nota- 
tion are developments of others, and, in particular, sev- 
eral (the Allgaier, King's Bishop's, Muzio, etc.) are rami- 
fications of the King's gambit proper. Allgaier gambit. 
IP K4, P K4; 2P KB 4, P takes P; 3 Kt KB 3, 
P KKt4; 4P KB4, P Kt5; 5 Kt Kt 5. After 
sacrificing the pawn at the second move, the opening play- 
er here offers the knight, and the ordinary continuation 
is 6 ... P KB 3; 6 Kt takes P, K takes Kt.Cen- 
tergambit. IP K4,P K4; 2 P Q 4, P takesP. 
Center counter-gambit, i P K 4, P Q 4 ; 2 P takes P. 
Cunningham gambit. IP K4,P K4; 2P KB4, 
P takesP;3 Kt KB 8, B K 2; 4 B B 4, B R 5(ch). 
son, gamesun, 
son, gambeison, wambaison, also gambais, wam- 
bais, wambeis = Pr. gambaison, gambais = OSp. 
gambax = OPg. canbas = D. wambuis = MLG. 
wambois, -bos, -bes = MHG. wambeis, wambis, G. 
wamms = Dan. rams, <. ML. qambeso(n-), with - - - -r ; iii-viv . 
differenisuffix gambasium, Jmbasiu^^e- " $\ tt&226*tfSS& 
Damiano gambit. IP K4, P K4; 2Kt KB3, 
P KB 3; 3 Kt takes P. Danish gambit, a develop- 
ment of the Center gambit (see above) by 3 P QB 8. 
Evans gambit, l P K 4, P K 4; 2 Kt KB 3, 
Kt QB3;3B B4, B B4 ; 4 P QKt 4. Seeabove. 
Greco counter-gambit. IP K4,P K4; 2Kt KB3, 
P KB 4. Kieseritzld gambit. Same as Allgaier 
son, < OHG. wamba = Goth, wamba = AS. wamb, 
belly, stomach, 
E. womb : see 
womb.] A gar- 
ment worn ori- 
ginally under 
the habergeon, 
made some- 
times of lea- 
ther, some- 
times of thick 
stuff, and even 
wadded, to 
guard against 
bruises which 
might result 
from blows re- 
ceiveduponthe 
mail. Toward 
the close of the 
fourteenth cen- 
tury, when the 
habergeon had 
been nearly aban- 
doned by men-at- 
arms, the gambe- 
son appears as the 
p's 
P; 
gamasid (gam'a-sid), n. A mite of the family 
. uaniDCSon (about 1375}. (From Viollet-le- 
pnncipal garment Du c's " Diet, du fiobilier francais." ) 
of fence for the 
body, and this continues until the complete and general 
liuiitusiiKF. adoption of plate-armor. See gamboised. 
Gamasidae (ga-mas'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Ga- gambet(gam'bet), . [< F.gambette(=lt.gam- 
masus + -id(e.] A family of tracheate arach- betta, a gambet), so-called from the length of 
nidans, of the order Acarida; the beetle-mites 
or spider-mites. They have extensile chelate mandi- 
bles, free filiform palps or maxillae, equal hairy legs with 
six or more joints, two claws, and a disk or sucker. 
the first pair of legs usually tactile, the stigmata ven- 
, , 
the legs; dim. of OF. gambe = It. gamba, leg: 
see gamb, jamb.] A name of the redshank, To- 
tanus calidris, and hence of other species of the 
same genus. See Totanus. 
Same as 
my tactile, tne stigmata veil- i_Y / / v 4 - \ 
Iral and "protected by a long tubular peritreme, and gambCt-Smpe (gam bet -Snip), M. 
no ocelli. They are parasitic on insects, birds, and i/dmbet. 
other animals, sometimes oil plants. Those which in- (jambetta (gam-bet'a), n. TNL. (Koch, 1816), 
test poultry can live for a time on the human skill and Tf nl ,nlStta BPA nnmhet 1 An old name of 
give rise to intolerable itching. One species is very = " ffamoetta . see gamoet.\ An Ob 
hurtful to caged birds. The Gainasidx are most com- the gambets, now used m ornithology as a ge- 
monly parasitic during the nymphal and adult female neric name of those birds. G. flavipes is the yellow- 
states. Also Gamasea, Gamasei (Duges, 1834), and Gama- i e g 3 o f North America; G. melanoleuca is the greater tat- 
rides (Leach, 1814). tier; G. calidris is the redshank of Europe. 
gamass (ga-mas'), n. Another form of camass, gambler, gambir (gam'ber), n. [Malayan.] 
ljuamash. An extract rich in tannin prepared from the 
gambit. 1 P K 4, P K 4; 2 P KB 4, P takes * , 
3 B-B4.-King'u gambit (proper). IP K4.P K4; 
2 P KB 4~=Iopez gambit. 1 P-K 4, P-K 4; 
2B B 4. B B 4; 3 Q K 2, Kt KB 8 (or P Q 3, 
or Q K 2); 4 P B 4. Muzio gambit. 1 P K 4, 
P K4;2P KB 4, P takes P;3Ki KB 3, P KKt4; 
4 B B4, P Kt 6; 5 Castles (or P Q 4, or Kt B 3\ 
P takes Kt. Queen's gambit. 1 P Q 4, P Q 4; 
2 P QB 4. Queen's Pawn counter-gambit, l P K 4, 
P K4;2Kt KB3, P Q 4. Salvio gambit. 1 to 4, 
same as Muzio gambit (see above); 5 Kt K 6. Scotch 
gambit. 1 P K4, P K4; 2Kt KB3, Kt-QB3; 
3 P Q 4. This derives its name from its being suc- 
cessfully adopted by the Scotch players in the correspon- 
dence match between London and Edinburgh, 1822-28. 
Steinita gambit, l P K 4, P K 4; 2Kt QB3, 
Kt QB3; 8P B 4, P takes P; 4 P Q4. 
gamble 1 (gam'bl), v. ; pret. asid pp. gambled, 
ppr. gambling. [Recent in record ; <ME.*#a- 
elen, "gamlen (whence mod. gamble, in form like 
f amble, fumble, hamble, humble, etc.), var. (with 
freq. suffix -le) of gamenen, < AS. gamenian, 
game: see game' 1 , v., gammon^, r.] 1. intrans. 
To play at any game of hazard for a stake ; risk 
money or anything of value on the issue of a 
game of chance, by either playing or betting on 
the play of others ; hence, to engage in finan- 
cial transactiens or speculations dependent for 
success chiefly upon chance or unknown con- 
tingencies: as, to gamble with cards or dice; 
to gamble in stocks. 
At operas and plays parading, 
Mortgaging, gambling, masquerading. 
Burns, The Twa Dogs. 
That little affair of the necklace, and the idea that 
somebody thought her gambling wrong, had evidently 
bitten into her. George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, xxxv. 
The evil effects of gambling in stocks and provisions. 
Harper's Weekly, April 26, 1884. 
Gambling contract. See contract. 
II. trans. To lose or squander by gaming: 
with away or off. 
Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their 
estates. Ames. 
gamble 1 (gam'bl), n. [<. gamble*; v.] Aventure 
in gambling or as in gambling; a reckless spec- 
ulation. [Colloq.] 
