gamomorpbism 
spermatic and germinal elements are formed, 
matured, and generated, in preparation for an 
act of fecundation, as the commencement of a 
new genetic cycle ; puberty; fitness for repro- 
duction. Brande and Cox. 
GamopetaliB(gam-o-pet'a-le),)i.^. [NL.,fem. 
pi. of yaniiiiii-lnliix: see gamopetalous.] In but., 
a division of dicotyledonous angiosperms, in 
which the perianth consists of both calyx and 
corolla, the latter having the petals more' or less 
united at the base. It is the largest of the dicotyle- 
donous divisions, including 45 orders, about 2,600 genera, 
and over 35,000 species. The most important orders ;uv 
the Otmpoiua, RuMoeeat, Labiatee, Scrophulariacece, So- 
lanacece, Acanthaceai, and Asclepiadacete. Corollijlorce is 
a synonym. 
gamopetalous (gam-o-pet'a-lus), a. [< NL. ga- 
inopetalus, < Gr. y&ftoe, marriage, 4- Trkra'Xov, a 
leaf (petal): see petal.] In hot., having the 
petals united at the base; belonging to the 
Gamopetalce : same as monopetaloux. 
gamophyllous (gam-o-fil'us), a. [< NL. gamo- 
lilii/llus, < Gr. >a/iOf, marriage, + QiJ-tov = L. 
folium, a leaf.] In hot., having a single peri- 
anth-whorl of united leaves ; symphyllous : op- 
posed to apophyllous. Sachs. 
gamosepalous (gam-o-sep'a-lus), a. [< NL. 
gamosepalus, < Gr. yd/wf, marriage, + NL. sepa- 
lum, a sepal.] In Txit., having the sepals united ; 
monosepalous. 
gamp (gamp), n. A large umbrella: said to be 
so called from Mrs. Gamp, a character in 
Charles Dickens's novel "Martin Chuzzlewit." 
[Slang.] 
Janet clung tenaciously to her purpose and the gamp. 
... I should recommend any young lady of my family or 
acquaintance not to conceal a gentleman's umbrella sur- 
reptitiously. C. W. Mown, Rape of the Gamp, xviii. 
I offered the protection of the great white Gamp to 
Sylvie, and off we sped over the puddles, regardless of a 
few extra splashes. Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 87. 
G-ampsonyches (gamp-son'i-kez), n. pi. [NL., 
pi. of gampsonyx, with ref. to Aristotle's use 
of the related form minptfwyof, with crooked 
talons.] An Aristotelian group of birds, ap- 
proximately equivalent to the Linneau Accipi- 
tres, or to the Raptores of most authors. 
Gampsonyx (gamp-so'niks), . [NL., < Gr. 
ya^TJiuvvt; (also yapli&vvxos ), with crooked talons, 
< -ya/ftpof, crooked, curved, 4- dvvt-, claw, talon.] 
A genus of South American kites. G. swainsoni 
of Brazil is the only species. N. A. Vigors, 
1825. 
gamrelst, n. See gambrel. 
gamut (gam'ut), n. [Formerly also gammnt, 
gam-ut (= It. gamaut Florio); < ML. gamma 
ut: gamma, the gamut (< Gr. yd/i/ia, the third 
letter of the Greek alphabet : see gamma) ; ut, 
a mere syllable, used as the name of the first 
note in singing, now called do; orig. L. ut, 
conj., that. Guido d'Arezzo (born about 990) 
is said to have called the seven notes of the 
musical scale after the first seven letters of the 
alphabet, a, b, c, d, e, f, g : whence the name 
yamma, taken from the last of the series (g, y), 
applied to the whole scale. He is also said to 
have invented the names of the notes used in 
singing (ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si), after certain 
initial syllables of a monkish hymn to St. John, 
in a stanza written in sapphic meter, namely : 
Ut queant laxis resonare flbris 
Mir& gestorum /amuli tuorum, 
Solve pollutis labiis reatum, 
Sancte /ohanues. 
The syllable ut has been displaced by the more 
sonorous do.] 1. In music: (a) The first or 
gravest note in Guide's scale of music ; gam- 
ma ut. (b) The major scale, whether indicated 
by notes or syllables, or merely sung. 
At break of Day, in a Delicious song 
She sets the Gam-vt to a hundred yong. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas'8 Weeks, i. '. 
When by the gamut some musicians make 
A perfect song, others will undertake 
By the same gamut chang'd to equal it. 
Donne, Elegies, ii... Anagram. 
Long has a race of heroes flll'd the stage, 
That rant by note, and through the gamut rage. 
Addison, Prol. to Phredrus and Hippolite. 
(c) A scale on which notes in- music are written 
or printed, consisting of lines and spaces which 
are named after the first seven letters of the 
alphabet, (d) In old Eng. church music, the key 
of G. Msogamma. 2. Figuratively, the whole 
scale, range, or compass of a thing. 
Whose sweep of thought touches the rest of the chords 
in the gamut of the knowable. 
Couei, Can Matter Think? (1886), p. 82. 
A few tones of brown or black or bottle-green, and an 
occasional coppery glow of deep orange, almost complete 
his gamut. The Studio, III. 153. 
2449 
\Ve now possess a complete gamut of colors. 
<>' \<'/ll. Dyeing and Calico I'rintin^p. !>. 
gamy (ga'mi), . [< game*, n., + -a 1 .] 1. Hav- 
ing the flavor of game : having a flavor as of 
game kept uncooked till it is slightly tainted, 
when it is held by connoisseurs to be in proper 
condition for the table: as, the venison was 
in fine gamy condition. 2. Spirited; plucky; 
game: as, a yuniy little fellow. [Colioq.] 
" You'll be shot, I see, " observed Mercy. " Well, " cried 
Mr. Bailey, " wot if I am ; there's something gantry in it, 
young ladies, ain't there ? " 
Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, xi. 
Horses ever fresh and fat and ijamey. 
S. Bowles, Our New West, p. 275. 
Also, less correctly, spelled game;/. 
gan't (gan). Preterit of gin 1 . 
gan 2 t. An obsolete form of go. 
gan 3 , v. i. An obsolete or dialectal form of 
yawn. 
gan^t, n. [See nan a , r.] The mouth. Davies. 
[Cant.] 
This bowse is better than rom-bowse, 
It sets the gan a giggling. 
Bronte, Jovial Crew, ii. 
ganam (gan'am), it. Same as ashkoko. 
ganch 1 , gaunch 1 (ganch, ganch), v. t. [< F. 
gancher, in pp. ganche, let fall on sharp stakes 
(Cotgrave); cf. It. ganciata, the act of fixing 
with a hook, < gancio = Sp. Pg. gancho, a hook, 
perhaps < Turk, qanja, a hook.] To put to 
death by letting fall from a height upon hooks 
or sharp stakes, or by hanging on a hook thrust 
between the ribs or through the pectoral mus- 
cles, as is or has been done with malefactors 
in Oriental countries. 
The Captain, . . . having vainly sought for his prisoner, 
filled forthwith a coffin with clay, . . . giving out that be 
was dead, affrighted with the punishment of his prede- 
cessor, being ganched for the escape of certain Noblemen. 
Sandys, Travailes, p. 32. 
Take him away, ganch him, impale him, rid the world 
of such a monster. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2. 
ganch 1 , gaunch 1 (ganch, ganch), n. [< ganchl, 
gaunch 1 , v.] The punishment or torture of 
ganching. 
I would rather suffer the gaunch than put the smallest 
constraint on your person or inclinations. 
Brooke, Fool of Quality, II. 289. 
ganch 2 , gaunch 2 (ganch), v. i. [Sc., also writ- 
ten gansch; origin obscure.] To make a snatch 
or snap at anything with open jaws, as a dog. 
ganch 2 , gaunch 2 (ganch), n. [< ganch%,gauneh*, 
v.] A snatch at anything with open jaws; a 
bite. [Scotch.] 
I have heard my father say, who was a forester at the 
Cabrach, that a wild boar's gaunch is more easily healed 
than a hurt from the deer's horn. 
Scott, Bride of Lammermoor, ix. 
gander (gan'der), n. [< ME. gandre, < AS. gan- 
dra, also ganra (> E. dial, ganner) (the d be- 
ing excrescent as in andro-, thunder, etc.) (=D. 
gender), a gander, the same word, but with dif- 
ferent suffix, as MHG. ganger, G. ganser (now 
usually ganserich, after enterich = E. drake 1 
q. v.); cf. L. anser (for "hanser), m. and f., = 
Gr. x*l v i m - an d f-> = Skt. hansa, m. The E. 
fern, is goose, orig. "gans: see goose and gun- 
net.] The male of the goose. 
I wisse (quod I) and yet though ye would believe one yt 
wold tell you that twise two gailders made alway four 
gese, yet ye would be aduised ere ye beleued hym that 
woulde tell you that twise two gese made all waye f our gan- 
ders. Sir T. More, Works, p. 169. 
The female hatches her eggs with great assiduity ; while 
the gander visits her twice or thrice a day, and sometimes 
drives her off to take her place, where he sits with great 
state and composure. 
Goldsmith, Animated Nature, vii. 11. 
gander (gan'der), u. i. [< gander, n. : in allu- 
sion to the vague and slow gait of that bird.] 
To go leisurely; linger; walk slowly or vaguely. 
[Colioq.] 
Then she had remembered the message about any one 
calling being shown up to the drawing-room, and had 
gandrred down to the hall to give it to the porter ; after 
which she gandered upstairs to the dressing-room again. 
9 U. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, xlvii. 
gander-grasst, n. [Also gander-goose, gander- 
goss, etc. Cf. goose-grass.] Some plant, prob- 
ably Orchis macula. 
Daily by fresh rivers walk at will, 
Among the daisies and the violets blue, 
Red hyacinth, and yellow daffodil, 
Purple Narcissus like the morning rays, 
Pale gander-grass, and azure culver-keys. 
J. Davors, quoted in Walton's Complete Angler, p. 55. 
gander-party (gan'der-par"ti), n. A social 
gathering of men only ; a stag-party. Lowell, 
Biglow Papers, Int. [Jocose.] 
gander-pull, gander-pulling (gan'de,r-pul, 
-pul"ing), . A rude sport of which the essen- 
gang 
tial feature is a live gander suspended by the 
feet. The contestants ride by on horseback at full speed, 
and attempt to clutch the greased neck of the fowl and 
pull its head off. It is practised especially in the south- 
ern and southwestern United States. 
They [the voters] were making ready for the 0</.v- 
i"'l/iiur, which unique sport had been selected by the 
long-headed mountain politicians as likely to insure the 
largest assemblage possible from the surrounding region 
to hear the candidates prefer their claims. 
M. N. ilurfree (C. E. Craddock), Prophet of Great Smoky 
[Mountains, p. 103. 
gane, c. i. Same as gan 3 . 
gang (gang), v. i. [< ME. gangen, gongen (pret. 
supplied by wende, went, or eode, gede, etc., ppr. 
(rare) gangende, pp. supplied by yon, gone), 
< AS. gangan, gongan (pret. gedng, giong, pp. 
ge-gangen, ge-gongen) = OS. gangan = OFries. 
gtinga = OHG. gangan, MHG. gangen (NHG. 
pret. ging, pp. gegangen, associated with pres. 
gehen = E. go) = Icel. ganga = OSw. aanga = 
ODan. gange = Goth, gaggan, go. This verb, 
though mixed in form and sense with the verb 
represented by go, and in the modern tongues 
to a greater or less extent displaced by it, is 
not, as is usually said, a fuller form of go, but 
is a different word : see go.] Togo; walk; pro- 
ceed. [Now only prov. Eng. and Scotch.] 
Jhesu thougt hit was ful longe, 
Withouten felowshipe to gonge. 
Cursor Mimdi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab., f. 82. (Hattiwell.) 
A poplar greene, and with a kerved seat, 
Under whose shade I solace in the heat; 
And thence can see gang out and in my neat. 
B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2. 
I //"/M like a ghaist, and I carena much to spin. 
Avid Jtobin Gray. 
To gang alow. See alow?. To gang glzzen. Seesriz- 
zen. To gang gleyed. See gleyed. To gang one's 
gait, to go or take one's own way in a matter. [Scotch 
and old or prov. Eng. ] 
He is fautles in faith, and so god mote me spede, 
I graunte hym my gud will to gang on his gate. 
York Plays, p. 331. 
Gang thy gait, and try 
Thy turtles with better luck, or hang thysel. 
B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd. 
gang (gang), n. [Early mod. E. also in some 
senses gong, goung; < ME. gang, gong, a going, 
a course, way, passage, privy (not in the sense 
of 'company' or 'crew,' this sense being later 
and of Scand. origin, and represented in AS. 
by genge, E. ging, q. v.), < AS. gang, a going, 
way, privy, = OS. gang = OFries. gong, gung 
= D. gang, a course, etc., = OHG. gang, a go- 
ing, a privy, MHG. G. gang, a going, walk, 
etc., = Icel. gangr, a going, a privy, etc., also, 
collectively, a company or crew, = Sw. gang, 
a going, a time, = Dan. gang, walk, gait; from 
the verb. Cf. ging.'] If. A going; walking; 
ability to walk. 
He forgiaf . . . halten and lamen ricbte gang. 
Old Eng. Homilies, p. 3296. 
Hotiden bute felinge, fet bute gonge [hands without feel- 
ing, feet without ability to walk]. 
Legend of St. Kathtrine, p. 499. 
2f. Currency. 
The said penny of gold to have passage and gang for 
xxx of the saidis grotis. 
Acts Jot. 1 V. (1488), c. X. (ed. 1566). 
3f. A way; course; passage. 4f. The chan- 
nel of a stream, or the course in which it is 
wont to run ; a watercourse. 
The abstractioune of the water of Northesk fra the aid 
gang. Act. Audit, (an. 1467), p. 8. 
Hence 5. Aravine or gulley. [Prov.Eng.] 
6. In mining. See gangue. 7. The field or pas- 
ture in which animals graze : as, those beasts 
have a good gang. [Scotch.] 8. A number 
going or acting in company, whether of persons 
or of animals : as, a gang of drovers ; a gang of 
elks. Specifically () A number of persons associated 
for a particular purpose or on a particular occasion : used 
especially in a depreciatory or contemptuous sense or of 
disreputable persons : as, a gang of thieves; a chain-flan.?. 
There were seven flipsies in a gang, 
They were both brisk and bonny O. 
Johnnie Fan (Child's Ballads, IV. 283). 
They mean to bring back again Bishops, Archbishops, and 
the whole gang of Prelatry. Milt-on, Touching Hirelings. 
(6) A number of workmen or laborers of any kind en- 
gaged on any piece of work under supervision of one per- 
son ; a squad ; more particularly, a shift of men ; a set of 
laborers working together during the same hours. 
And five and five, like a mason gang, 
That carried the ladders lang and hie. 
Kimnant Willie (Child's Ballads, VI. 62). 
9. A combination of several tools, machines, 
etc., operated by a single force, or so contrived 
as to act as one : as, a gang of saws or plows; 
a gang of fish-hooks ; a gang of mine-cars, tubs, 
or trams . In this sense frequently combined with other 
