gang 
words to form the names of tools or machines, in each of 
which two or more tools, cutters, saws, shares, etc., are 
united in one frame or holder, as f/an^-cnltivator, gang- 
edger. 
With the demand for more rapid production came im- 
provements in the "gang " feature, and the wonder of the 
age was the "Yankee gang" so arranged by placing half 
the saws facing in one direction and the other half in the 
opposite, that two logs were worked up in one movement 
of the carriage. Encyc. Brit., XXI. 344. 
Ribbons are usually woven on gang-looms. 
L. P. Brocket!, Silk Industry, p. 99. 
10. As much as one goes for or carries at once ; 
a go. [Scotch.] 
To please you, mither, did I milk the kye, 
An' bring a gang o' water frae the burn. 
Donald and Flora, p. 37. 
lit. A retired place; a privy; a Jakes. [In 
this use more commonly gong.~\ 
Jak if every hous were honest to etc fleish inne, 
Than were it honest to ete In a gonge. 
MS. Digby 41, f. 8. (HaUimll.) 
Alas! herww! now am I bownde 
In helle gonge to ly on ground. 
Coventry Mysteries, p. 345. 
Agricultural Gangs Act. See agricultural. Dress- 
gang, a number of persons engaged in dressing fish, each 
Having his special part of the process to perform. Gang 
Of nets, a combination or series of nets comprising the 
run, inner pound, and outer pound. Also called a hook 
of nets. See pound-net. [Penobscot, Maine, U. S.] = Syn. 
Coney, etc. See^octl. 
ganga(gang'ga), M. 1. An old Catalonian name 
of the lesser pin-tailed sand-grouse, Pterocles 
alcltata, and hence a name of the sand-grouse 
2450 
tied in the end of the ganging. Hooks to be used on hull- 
ImJ trawl-lines are seized to the ends of the gangings with 
tarred or waxed twine. Cod trawl-hooks are generally 
provided with an eye at the upper end of the shank. A 
common way of ganging such honks is to pass the end of 
the ganging through the eye of the hook, like threading 
a needle, and then make a flgim--of-ri-.:lit knot around the 
standing part of the line. Hooks for surli ]n\ dan-ous and 
sliai-p-toothed fish as the bhiensli and kingflsh are often 
ganged with wire, and those for sharks with an iron chain. 
gang-edger (gang'ej'er), n. A machine having 
from three to six circular saws on a common 
mandrel, capable of being so adjusted as to slit 
wide planks into boards or scantlings of the 
width required. 
ganger (gang'er), n. [= Icel. gangari = Sw. 
gdngare = Dan. ganger, a steed (in comp. Sw. 
-</aiii/are, -g&ngare = Dan. -i/jwm/cr, -ganger, a 
goer), = G. ganger, a goer, walker, footman ; as 
gang, v.i., + -erl.] 1. One who or that which 
gangs or goes; a goer; a walker. [Scotch.] 
The stringhalt will gae an" when it's gaen a mile ; it's a 
wei-1 kenn'il ganger; they ca' it Souple Tarn. 
Scott, Bob Boy, xxvii. 
2. One who conducts or superintends a gang 
or squad, as the foreman of a gang of laborers 
or plate-layers on a railway. [Eng.] 
On Saturday evening a man named Charles Frost, a 
ganger in the employ of the Midland Railway Company, 
was run over. Leeds Mercury, May 8, 1871. 
A ganger, or head navvy, accustomed to see around him 
immense results produced by great physical energy and 
untiring strength, is placed over hundreds of men. 
W. H. Russell, Diary in India, II. 409. 
3. In coal-mining, one who is employed in con- 
veying the coal through the gangways. [Mid- 
land coal-field, Eng.] 4. Naut., a length of 
chain, one end of which is fastened to an an- 
chor when let go, when the other end is fastened 
to a hawser. 
Gangetic (gan-jet'ik), a. [< L. Gangeticus. < 
Ganges, < Or. TayyT/s, < 8kt. (> Hind.) Ganga, 
Ganges.] Of or pertaining to the river Gan- 
ges in India, or to the region through which it 
flows: as, Gangetic cities; Gangetic river-sys- 
tem. Also Gangic. 
There [in India] he went gunning for gavials, or Gangetic 
crocodiles. The American, XI. 168. 
gang-farmert, gong-farmert, n. [ME. gong- 
farmer, -formar, -fermerour, etc.] A cleaner 
of privies. Palsgrave. 
gang-flower (gang'flou'er), n. The milkwort. 
Polygala vulgaris : so named from its blossom- 
ing in gang-week. 
Gangic (gan'jik), a. [< Ganges + -if.'] Same 
as Gangetic. [Bare.] 
Doubt-less his Deeds are such, as would I sing 
But halfe of them, I vnder-take a thing 
As hard almost as in the Gangic Seas 
To count the Waues, or Sands in Euphrates. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du liartas's Weeks, H., The Lawe. 
ganging (gan'jing), n. 1. The act or mode of 
fastening a fish-hook to the line. 2. A section 
or part of a fishing-line to the free end of which 
a hook is ganged ; a ganging-line. The ganging 
is sometimes of wire or chain, as for catching sharks ; and 
all sizes of line are used, from fine silken thread up to the 
largest cord that will take a hook. 
ganging-line (gan'jing-lm), . The ganging 
of a fishing-line, especially when different from 
the rest of the line. 
ganging-plea (gang'ing-ple), . A long-con- 
tinued suit ; a permanent or hereditary litiga- 
tion. [Scotch.] 
But I thought ye had some law affair of your ain to 
look after; I have ane mysell & ganging- flea that my 
father left me, and his father afore left to him. 
Scott, Antiquary, ii. 
ganglia, n. Latin plural of ganglion. 
gangliac (gang'gli-ak), a. [< gangli-on + -ac.] 
Same as ganglial. 
ganglial (gang'gli-al), n. [< gangli-on + -aZ.] 
of parishes or manors. "See Eelating to a ganglion or ganglia ; ganglionic. 
gangliar (gang'gli-ar), a. [< gangli-on + -ar 3 . ] 
Same as ganglial. 
Ganga (Pteroflts alcltata). 
(Pteroclida;) in general. See Pteroclidte and 
sand-grouse. 2. A South American vulturine 
hawk of the genus Ibycter, as /. americanus. 
gang-board (gang'bord), . [< gang + board, 
after D. gangboord.'] 1 . A board or plank -with 
cleats for steps, used for passing into or out of 
a ship or boat. Also called gang-plank. 
As we were putting off the boat, they laid hold of the 
gang-board, and unhooked it off the boat's stem. 
Cook, Voyages, Hi. 4. 
2. A plank placed within or without the bul- 
warks of a vessel's waist for sentinels to walk or 
stand on. 3. The boards ending the hammock- 
nettings at either side of the entrance from the 
accommodation-ladder to the deck. 
gang-by (gang'bl), . The go-by. [Scotch.] 
Mercy on me, that I Slid live in my auld days to gi'e the 
gang-bite to the very writer. Scott, Bride of Lammermoor. 
gang-cask (gang'kask), . A small cask, but 
larger than a breaker, used for bringing water 
aboard ships in boats, or to make close stowage 
in the hold. 
gang-cultivator (gang'kul"ti-va-tor), . A cul- 
tivator having several shares so stocked that 
they can be driven in a set or gang. 
gang-day (gang'da), n. [AS. gangdagas, gong- 
dagas (= Icel. gangdagar), pi., < gang, a going. 
+ dteg, pi. dagos, day.] In England, a day of 
perambulation 
gang-week. 
During the Rogation, or, as they were then better called, 
the gang-days, and whenever any swart evil had betided 
this land, our clergy and people went a procession through 
the streets of the town, and about the fields of the coun- 
try parishes. Rock, Church of our Fathers, III. i. 222. 
gang-drill (gang'dril), n. A machine tool con- 
taining in one head a number of vertical drills, 
each having its separate belt and pulley from 
a common shaft, and with speed-pulleys com- 
mon to all. 
gange (ganj), r. t. ; pret. and pp. ganged, ppr. 
ganging. To fasten (a fish-hook) to the end of 
a section of line called the ganging. There are 
many methods of ganging. For hand-lines for cod a single 
strand of line about two feet long i* doubled, and its bight 
is plaited or hitched to the shank of a hook, after which 
the ends are laid up together and a single wall-knot is 
Very peculiar round or biscuit-formed bodies, proba- 
bly not gangliar in their nature. 
G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 215. 
gangliate, gangliated (gang'gli-at, -a-ted), a. 
Provided with a ganglion or with ganglia ; gan- 
glionated; knotted, as a nerve or lymphatic. 
Also ganglionated. 
gangliforin, ganglioform (gang'gli-form, -o- 
form), a. [< Gr. yayyAiov, a tumor, + L. forma, 
shape.] Having the form or character of a 
ganglion ; resembling a ganglion. 
gangling (gang'gling), n. [Prop. ppr. of "gan- 
gle, freq. of gang, go. Cf. gangrel.] Awkward 
and sprawling in walking; loose-jointed. [Col- 
loq.] 
ganglion 
They [antelope fawns] are not nearly so pretty as deer 
fawns, having long gangling legs and angular bodies. 
T. Rfmsei'dt, Hunting Trips, p. 201. 
ganglioform (gang'li-o-f6rm), a. See gangli- 
form, 
ganglion (gang'gli-on), H. ; pi. ganglions, gan- 
</liii (-onz, -a). [^ LL. ganglion, a tumor, < 
Gr. yayy'Atov, a tumor under the skin, on or 
near a tendon.] 1. An enlargement in the 
course of a nerve, containing or consisting of a 
collection of ganglion-cells ; any assembly of 
ganglion-cells. The nervous system of invertebrates 
generally, and the sympathetic nervous system of verte- 
brates, consists essentially of a chain or series of ganglia 
connected by commissures, giving off filaments in vari- 
ous directions, forming plexuses or networks around 
principal viscera, blood-vessels, and <>ther important or- 
gans. Some of the larger sympathetic ganglia are also 
called plexute* ; thus, the scmilunar ganglia of the abdo- 
men form the solar plexus. In the cerebrospinal nervous 
system of vertebrates, ganglia regularly occur on the pos- 
terior or sensory roots of the spinal nerves. There are 
likewise ganglia upon some of the motor or sensorimo- 
tor cranial nerves, as the vagus, fifth, and facial. All the 
masses of gray neurine in the brain are also ganglia, as 
the optic thalami, corpora quadrigeraina, corpora striata, 
etc. ; even the general mass of cortical gray matter, both 
of the cerebrum and of the cerebellum/constitutes a great 
guiglion. The principal ganglia have special names. See 
the phrases l>elow. 
2. A knot or enlargement on a lymphatic ; a 
lymphatic gland. See cut under lymphatic. 
3. In patltpl.: (a) An encysted enlargement 
in connection with the sheath of a tendon: 
called simple ganglion, (b) Inflammation, with 
. effusion into one or more sheaths of ten- 
dons: called diffuse ganglion, (c) An enlarged 
bursa. [Rare.] 4. In hot., the mycelium of 
certain fungals. Imp. Diet Andersen's gan- 
glion, the petrous ganglion : named from Andersch, a 
German anatomist who lived at the close of the eigh- 
teenth century. Arnold's ganglion, the otic ganglion. 
Basal ganglia, ganglia lying at the base of the cere- 
brum, includlngthe corpora striata, optic thalami, corpora 
geniculata, corpora quadrigemina, loci nigri, and nuclei 
tegmenti. Basal optic ganglion, a collection of nerve- 
cells by the side of the infundlbulum, close to the optic 
tract Branchial ganglion. See branchial. Buccal 
ganglia. See biuxal. Cardiac ganglion of Wrisberg, 
a ganglion in the cardiac plexus of sympathetic nerves. 
Carotid ganglion. See carotid. Casserian ganglion. 
See Gasserian ganglion. Cephalic ganglia, those sym- 
patheticganglia which are situated in the head and are con- 
nected with the divisions of the fifth nerve. In man they 
are four, the ciliary, sphenopalatine, otic, and submaxil- 
lary. Some small swellings, as the carotid ganglion, are not 
included in this enumeration, though situated in the head. 
Cerebellar ganglion, or ganglion of the cerebellum. 
Same as corpus dejitatutn (a) (which see, under corpus). 
Cerebral ganglia, See cerebral. Cervical ganglia, 
sympathetic ganglia in the neck. In man there are three, 
superior, middle, and inferior, the first of which is a large 
reddish-gray cigar-shaped swelling lying behind the sheath 
of the carotid artery. Ciliary ganglion, a small sym- 
pathetic ganglion situated in the orbit of the eye, in close 
relation with the ophthalmic artery, connected with the 
cavernous plexus of the sympathetic system, with the 
third nerve and the ophthalmic division of the fifth nerve, 
and giving off a number of delicate filaments constitut- 
ing the short ciliary nerves. Also called lenticular gan- 
glion and ophthalmic ganglion. Diaphragmatic gan- 
glion, a small ganglion under the diaphragm, marking 
the junction of filaments from the light phrenic nerve 
with the phrenic plexus. Also called phrenic ganglion. 
Facial ganglion, a ganglionic swelling of the facial 
nerve, where this nerve communicates with Meckel's and 
Arnold's ganglia by means of the petrosal nerves. Also 
called intirmeitcfntia ga)iglioformis and geniculate gan- 
glion. Ganglion impar, the unpaired or azygous gan- 
glion, the single ganglion in which the two chains or 
series of sympathetic ganglia terminate posteriorly ; the 
end of the sympathetic system behind. Ganglion Infe- 
riUS, the inferior ganglion of the trunk ofthe pneumo- 
gastric nerve, as distinguished from the ganglion of the 
root of the same nerve. Ganglion infra-cesophageum, 
a ganglion situated below the esophagus, as in mollusks. 
Ganglion of Bochdalek, a swelling at the point of com- 
munication of a posterior nasal branch of the sphenopal- 
atine ganglion with the anterior dental nerve. Ganglion 
of Ribes, a small unpaired ganglion of the sympathetic 
system, supposed to be situated on the anterior commu- 
nicating artery of the circle of Willis at the base of the 
brain, and to constitute the anterior termination of the 
whole chain of ganglia of the sympathetic system, corre- 
sponding to the ganglion impar at the other end of this sys- 
tem. Ganglion Of Wrisberg. See cardiac ganglion 
Ganglion splrale, the gangliform swelling of the coch- 
lear nerve which fills the spiral canal of the niodiolus of the 
cochlea. Ganglion stellatum, in Cephalopoda, a large 
nervous ganglion into which is received a nerve from each 
parietosplanchnic ganglion. Ganglion supra -cesopha- 
geum, the supra-esophageal ganglion, a ganglion situated 
above the esophagus, as in mollusks. Gasserian gangli- 
on or Gasser's ganglion [named from A. P. e<Mer,aGer- 
man physician (1605-77)], a ganglion of the sensory portion 
of the root of the fifth cranial nerve, just back of its di- 
vision into its three main branches, ophthalmic and supe- 
rior and inferior maxillary ; it is lodged on a depression 
upon the apex of the petrosal bone. Also called by mis- 
take the Casserian ganglion (supposed to refer to Giulio 
Casserio, an Italian anatomist, died 1616). Geniculate 
ganglion. Same as facial ganglion. Glossopharyngeal 
ganglia, the two gangliform enlargements of the glosso- 
pharyngeal nerve, one called the jugular, the other the 
petrous. Intercarotlc ganglion, a small swelling on 
the carotid plexus at the bifurcation of the common caro- 
tid arteries. Interosseous ganglion, a swelling on the 
