garboard-strake 
ship's bottom next the keel. Also called ground- 
strake. 
garboilt (giir'boil), . [< OF. garbouil, a hurly- 
burly, great stir, = Sp. garbullo, a crowd, mul- 
titude, = It. garbugUo, a disorder, tumult. Cf. 
It. garabullarc, rave (Florio), deceive, defraud. 
Origin uncertain; the It. garabuttare seems to 
be (gara, strife, + L. bitllire, It. bulicare, boil: 
see boil 1 .'] Tumult; uproar; disorder; disturb- 
ance; commotion. 
All Greece stood in marvellous garltoil at that time, and 
the state of the Athenians specially in great danger. 
North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 278. 
One of their company . . . hath scene in one day some- 
times 14. slaine in a garboile. Haklwjt's Voyages, I. 395. 
Many garboils passed through his fancy before he could 
be persuaded Zelmane was other than a woman. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, v. 
Look here, and at thy sovereign leisure read 
The garboils she awak'd. Shak., A. and ., i. 3. 
garboilt (giir'boil), v. t. [(garboil, n.~\ To throw 
into confusion or disorder; cause a tumult or 
disturbance in. 
Here would be a precedent to tip down so many lords 
at a time, and to garboil the house, as often as any party 
should have a great majority. 
Bp. Burnet, Hist. Own Times, an. 1677. 
garbrail (gar'bral), n. In her., a bearing rep- 
resenting a piece of armor, probably the garde- 
bras. Fairholt. 
garbusa (gar-bu'sa), n. Same as gorbuscha. 
The Garbusa or Humpback, so called from the extraor- 
dinary development on the back of the kelt during the 
spawning season. Edinburgh Rev., CLXVI. 325, note. 
garce 1 t, . and n. An earlier form of gash 1 . 
garce 2 (gars), re. [An Anglo-Indian form of 
Telugu garisa, Canarese garasi, garase, a mea- 
sure of grain, equal to 400 markdls or 185.2 
cubic feet, or 9,860 Ibs. avoirdupois.] An East 
Indian measure of capacity for grain, oil, seeds, 
etc., equal to 1,154.088 imperial gallons. 
Garcinia (gar-sin'i-a), re. [NL., named after 
Laurent Garcin, a French botanist and trav- 
eler (died 1752), who first described it.] A ge- 
nus of trees, of the order Guttiferce, having a 
yellow juice, opposite coriaceous leaves, and a 
fleshy fruit with a thick rind. There are about 40 
species, of tropical Asia and Africa. F. Mangostana, of 
the Malay archipelago, yields the mangosteen, which is 
2455 
Garcinia Hanburyi. 
considered one of the most delicate of tropical fruits. It 
is cultivated in India and the West Indies. The rind of 
the fruit, as well as the bark and wood of the tree, is 
very astringent, and has been used in medicine. F. In- 
dica, of the East Indies, has an acid fruit, the seeds of 
which contain a solid oil known as kokum-butter. The 
fruit and seeds of F. Kola, of tropical Africa, are said to 
have the same properties as the kola-nut. The dried juice 
of various species forms the yellow resinous pigment and 
purgative drug known as gamboge. 
garciont, n. [ME., < OF. garcion, garson, gar- 
yon, F. gargon, a boy, servant (see garcon), ML. 
garcio(n-), etc., a boy.] A boy; a servant. 
And thei seide, "Sir, we ne be not a-gein oure Io[r]des 
wille ; but it ys grevouse thinge to vs to haue & garcion to 
be lorde ouer vs alle." Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 103. 
garcock (gar'kok), n. Same as gorcock. 
gallon (gar-son'), n. [F. : see garciont] A 
boy ; a waiter ; especially, as used in English 
speech, a waiter at a public table. 
gar-crowt, A gor-crow (?). 
She tript it like a barren doe, 
And strutted like a gar-crowe. 
Choyce Drollery (1656), p. 67. 
gardH (gard), re. [A var. of garth 1 , suggested 
perhaps by garden.] A garden. 
Trees of the gard. Beaumrmt. 
gard 2 t, e. and . An older spelling of guard. 
]55 
gardant, guardant 
(gar'dant), a. [< F. 
gardant, ppr. of gar- 
der, look, regard : 
see guard, regard.] 
In her., looking out 
from the field toward 
the observer : said 
of an animal pas- 
sant, rampant, cou- 
chant, etc., used as 
a bearing : as, a lion 
passant gardant, or 
rampant gardant. A 
lion passant gardant 
is often called a leop- 
a ' , Three Lions Passant Gardant. 
garde-brace, garde- Escutcheon of England, isth c- 
bras (gard ' bras, tuiy ' 
-bra), n. [F. garde-bras, arm-guard, < garder, 
guard, + obj. bras, arm: see guard and brace 1 .] 
A piece of ar- 
mor protecting 
the arm; prop- 
erly, an elbow- 
cap, vambrace, 
pauldron, or 
other sepa- 
rate piece, but 
sometimes 
loosely used 
for the entire 
Gard.brace, isth century. (From Viollet- hi'-ls^'ir! A]<*O 
le-Duc's " Did. du Mobilier francais." ) j j r 
garde-de-bras. 
garde-collet (gard'ko-la'),. In armor, a raised 
and ornamental ridge terminating the pauldron 
on the side toward the 
neck, and intended to pre- 
vent blows from glancing 
from the pauldron. 
garde-COU (gard'ko), n. 
Same as garde-collet. 
garde-faude (gard'fod), n. 
In armor, the tuille or 
large plate appended to 
the tassets. See tuille. 
garden (gar'dn), . and a. 
[< ME. gardin, gardyn, 
later sometimes gardeyne, 
gardayne, < OF. gardin, 
also assibilated jardin, F. 
jardin = Pr. gardi, jardi (= Sp. jardin = Pg. 
jardim = It. giardino, ML. gardinum, gardinus, 
from OF.), < OHG. garto (gen. and dat. gartin), 
MHG. garte (gen. and dat. garten), G. garten = 
OS. gardo = OFries. garda, a garden, = Goth. 
garda, a fold ; the same, but with different suf- 
fix, as Goth, gards = OHG. gart = AS. geard, 
E. yard?, an inclosure: see yard 2 smA garth 1 .] 
1. n. 1 . A plot of ground devoted to the culti- 
vation of culinary vegetables, fruits, or flower- 
ing and ornamental plants. A garden for culinary 
herbs and roots for domestic use is called a kitchen-gar- 
den ; one for flowers and shrubs, & flower-garden ; and one 
for fruits, a fruit-garden. But these uses are sometimes 
blended. 
I knew a wench married in an afternoon as she went to 
the garden for parsley to stuff a rabbit. 
Shak., T. of the S., iv. 4. 
Unto this new nunnery there belongeth a faire garden 
full of feire spacious walkes, beset with sundry pleasant 
trees. Coryat, Crudities, I. 19. 
Sometimes our road led us through groves of olives, or 
by gardens of oranges. 
Addison, Remarks on Italy (ed. Bohn), I. 415. 
A wild tangled garden, covering the side of the hill, 
... a garden without flowers, with little steep, rough 
paths that wind under a plantation of small, scrubby stone- 
pines. H. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 188. 
2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of coun- 
try ; a delightful spot. 
Than thei yede [went] into a chamber that was besyde 
the halle, towarde the gardyn of the river of temse. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 138. 
All the plain of Jordan, . . . well watered every where, 
. . . even as the garden of the Lord. Gen. xiii. 10. 
I am arriv'd forfruitful Lombardy, 
The pleasant garden of great Italy. 
Shak., T. of the S., i. 1. 
Botanic garden. See botanic. Garden of Eden. See 
Eden,\. Hanging garden, a garden formed in terraces 
rising one above another. The hanging gardens of Baby- 
lon, constructed by Nebuchadnezzar (604-561 B. 0.), but 
traditionally ascribed to Semiramis, were anciently reck- 
oned among the wonders of the world. They were five in 
number, each consisting of an artificial hill or mound 400 
feet square, the top of which overlooked the walls of the 
city, with the sides divided into terraces of earth resting 
on stone platforms, covered witli groves, avenues, and 
parterres of flowers, and provided with galleries and ban- 
queting-rooms. They were irrigated from a reservoir at 
the summit filled with water raised from the Euphrates. 
Philosophers of the garden, followers of Epicurus. 
gardener-bird 
II. a. Of, pertaining to, or produced in a gar- 
den: as, garden implements or plants. 
And atte this moones Idus is goode houre 
To make a gardaine hegge, as is beforne 
Itaught. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 81. 
Glossy purples, which outredden 
All voluptuous garden-roses. 
Tennyson, Death of Wellington. 
Garden husbandry, the careful cultivation of land for 
profit according to the methods pursued by gardeners, 
so as to secure the largest possible production. Garden 
wMte butterfly, the common English name of the white 
cabbage-butterflies of the genus Pieris. P. rapce and P. 
napi are found in England ; P. daplidice, P. calidice, and 
P. krue.fe.ri, in other parts of Europe ; and P. rapce, P. 
protodice, and P. oleracea are common in North America. 
All in the larval state feed upon cabbage as well as other 
Crueiferce. See cut under cabbage-butterfly. 
garden (gar'dn), v. [< garden, n.] I. intrans. 
To lay out or cultivate a garden; work in a 
garden, or in the manner of a gardener. 
In Rome's poor age, 
When both her kings and consuls held the plough, 
Or gardened well. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1. 
a, Garde-collet. 
(From Viollet-le-Duc's "Diet. 
du Mobilier franjais." ) 
We farm, we garden, we our poor employ, 
And much command, though little we enjoy. 
Crabbe. 
II. trans. To cultivate as a garden : generally 
in the past participle. 
A gay gardened meadow. The Atlantic, LII. 363. 
He hurried on ... up the gardened slope. 
L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 44. 
Our English landscape wants no gardening : it cannot 
be gardened. The Century, XXXVI. 816. 
gardenaget (gar'dn-aj), . [< garden + -age.] 
1. Gardening. 
He [Evelyn] read to me very much also of his discourse 
he hath been many years and now is about, about Garden* 
age. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 5, 1665. 
2. The produce of a garden. 
The street was also appropriated to the sale of fish and 
gardenage. Man, Hist. Reading (1816), p. 147. 
garden-balm (gar'dn-bam), n. See balm, 7. 
garden-balsam (gar'dn-bal"sam), n. See bal- 
sam, 7. 
garden-beetle (gar'dn-be"tl), n. A caraboid 
beetle ; a ground-beetle ; one of the Carabidce. 
garden-bond (gar'dn-bond), re. Same as block- 
bond. 
garden-dormouse (gar'dn-dor"mous), n. The 
lerot, Eliomys nitela. 
garden-engine, n. See garden-pump. 
gardener (gar'dn-er), n. [Formerly also gard- 
ner ; < ME. gardiner, gardener, also garthyner, 
< OF. "gardinier, jardinier, F. jardinier (= Sp. 
jardinero = Pg. jardineiro = It. giardiniere), < 
OHG. gartindri, MHG. gartencere, gertenaire, G. 
gartner (> Dan. gartner), < OHG. garto (gen. 
and dat. gartin), etc., garden: see garden. 
Hence the surname Gardiner, Gardner.] One 
who cultivates a garden ; specifically, one whose 
regular occupation or calling consists in lay- 
ing out, cultivating, or tending gardens. 
The Syrians are great gardeners ; they take exceeding 
paines and bee most curious in gardening. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xx. 5. 
God plants us, and waters, and weeds us, and gives the 
increase ; and so God is ... our gardener. 
Donne, Sermons, vii. 
From yon blue heavens above us bent, 
The gardener Adam and his wife 
Smile at the claims of long descent. 
Tennyson, Lady Clara Vere de Vere. 
Market gardener, a gardener who raises vegetables, 
etc., for sale. Nursery gardener, a nurseryman. 
gardener-bird (gar'dn-er-berd), n. A book- 
name of Amblyomis inornata, a kind of bower- 
bird found in New Guinea, so called from the ex- 
tensive runs or play-houses which it constructs. 
Gardener-bird (Amblyornis inornata). 
It differs sufficiently from the satin and spotted Austra- 
lian bower-birds, of the -genera Ptilonorhynchun and Chla- 
ntyflodera, to have been made the type of another genus 
called Amblyornis by D. G. Elliot in 1872. 
