gastraeum 
posed to notwum. See cut under bird. Illiger; 
tiundevall. 
Qastrceum is subdivided into regions called, in general 
terms, breast, belly, and sides of the body. 
Couei, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 95. 
gastral (gas'tral), a. [< Gr. yaarf/p, stomach, 
-t- -al.] Gastric; intestinal: occasionally ap- 
plied in embryology to the intestinal or inner 
primary germ-layer, or endoderm. 
gastralgia, gasfralgy (gas-tral'ji-8, -ji), n. 
[< XL. gastralgia, < Gr. yaari/p (yaarp-), stom- 
ach, + a/.)0f, ache, pain.] In putliol., neuralgia 
of the stomach; more generally, pain of any 
kind in the stomach or belly ; belly-ache. 
gas-trap (gas'trap), n. A device to prevent 
the escape of sewer-gas ; a sewer-trap. 
gastread, . See gastrcead. 
Gastrechmia (gas-trek'mi-a), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. yaart/p (yaarp-), stomach, + ix/ta, a hold- 
fast, bulwark, defense, < i%eiv, hold, have.] A 
superfamily or suborder of salient batrachians, 
established for the single family Hemisida;. 
They have the clavicles and coracoids connected by a nar- 
row median cartilage, and the scapula articulates with a 
special condyle developed by the exoccipital. 
gastrechmian (gas-trek'mi-an), a. and n. I. a. 
Pertaining to or having the characters of the 
Gastrechmia. 
II. n. A member of the group Gastrechmia. 
gastrectomy (gas-trek'to-mi), n. [< Gr. yaarr/p, 
stomach, + KTO/^>, a cutting out, < ifrifirttv. 
eKra/telv, cut out, < kit, out, + rffivnv, ra/jelv, cut.] 
In surg., the resection of a portion of the stom- 
ach, as for instance a cancerous pylorus. Buck. 
gastrelcosis (gas-trel-ko'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
yaarr/p, stomach, + tTucoaif, ulceration, < H.KOVV, 
ulcerate, < eA/cof = L. ulctis, ulcer: see ulcer.} 
In pathol., ulceration of the stomach. 
gastric (gas'trik), a. [< NL. gastricus, < L. gas- 
ter, < Gr. yaari/p (yaarp-), the belly, stomach : 
see paster 2 .] 1 . Of or pertaining to the stom- 
ach or belly, in the broadest sense; enteric; 
ventral; abdominal. 2. Of or pertaining to 
any part or organ like or likened to a stomach 
or belly, as the foot of a mollusk, etc. 
Also gasteric. 
Gastric fever. See fever. Gastric filaments. See 
filament. Gastric follicle. See follicle, 2. Gastric 
glands. See gland. Gastric juice, the digestive liquid 
secreted by the glands of the stomach. It contains pepsin, 
rennet ferment, and lactic-acid ferment, and is acid from 
the presence of hydrochloric acid. Gastric lobe, of the 
carapace of a brachyurous crustacean, a large complex 
median division, between the frontal and the cardiac re- 
gions, subdivided into several parts. Gastric sac, in 
Actinozoa, that part of the general somatic cavity or en- 
terocoele which is distinguished from the perivisceral cav- 
ity or intermesenteric chambers collectively. See cut un- 
der Coralligena. 
The oral aperture of an actinozoou leads into a sac 
which, without prejudice to the question of its exact func- 
tion, may be termed gastric. 
Huxley, Aunt. Invert., p. 152. 
gastricismt (gas'tri-sizm), n. [< gastric + -ism.'] 
1. In pathol., gastric affections in general. 
2. An old medical theory by which almost all 
diseases were attributed to the accumulation of 
impurities in the stomach and bowels. 
Gastridium (gas-trid'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr. 
yaarpioiov, dim. of yaarf/p (yaarp-), stomach : see 
</aster 2 .] 1. A genus of annual grasses, in- 
cluding two species of western Europe and the 
Mediterranean region, one of which, G. aus- 
trale, is also found in Chili and in California : 
popularly known as nit-grass. 2. In zool., a 
genus of gastropods : same as Pseudoliva. Mo- 
deer, 1793. 
gastriloquism (gas-tril'o-kwizm), n. [< gas- 
triloquy + -ism.} Ventriloquism. [Bare.] 
Gastriloquism [is] a hybrid term synonymous with ven- 
triloquism. Hooper, Med. Diet. 
gastriloquist (gas-tril'o-kwist), n. [< gastrilo- 
quy + -ist.] A ventriloquist. [Rare.] 
gastriloquOUS (gas-tril'o-kwus), a. [< gastrilo- 
quy + -ous.~\ Ventriloquous. Ash. [Bare.] 
gastriloquy (gas-tril'o-kwi), . [< Gr. yaarf/p 
(yaarp-), belly, stomach, + L. loqui, speak.] 
Ventriloquism. [Rare.] 
gastrimargismt, n. [< Gr. yaarpiuapyla, glut- 
tony, } aarpiuapyoe, gluttonous (< yaarijp (yaarp-), 
belly, + iiapyof, raging, furious, greedy, glut- 
tonous), + -ism.'] Gluttony. 
Be not addicted to this foule vice of gastrimargisin and 
belly-chear. Optick Glasse of Humors, 1639. 
gastritis (gas-tri'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. yaarfp 
(yaarp-), stomach, + -itis.] In pathol., inflam- 
mation of the stomach. 
gastro-. Combining form of gaster%. 
gastrocele (gas'tro-sel), . [NL., < Gr. yaarijp 
(yaarp-), stomach, + istfkii, a tumor.] In pa- 
tlinl., a hernia of the stomach. 
2465 
Gastrochaena (gas-tro-ke'na), n. [NL. (Speng- 
ler, 1783), also Gastroclteua, Gastroehama ; irreg. 
Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral Views of Gastrochana. The ventral 
view shows the dried mantle with the pedal perforation. 
< Gr. yaari/p (yaarp-), stomach, + ^-aiVv, gape.] 
The typical genus of the family GastrochoMidce. 
G. mumia is an example. 
gastrochaenid (gas-tro-ke'uid), n. [< Gastro- 
chama + -id.] A bivalve mollusk of the fam- 
ily Gastroeluenidce. 
Gastrochsenidae (gas-tro-ke'ni-de), n.pl. [NL. 
(J. E. Gray, 1840), < Gastrochavia + -idee.] A 
family of bivalve mollusks, typified by the ge- 
nus Gastrochcena and variously limited. As gen- 
erally used, it is restricted to species having the mantle- 
margins mostly connected, elongated siphons, elongated 
unequal branchiae connected behind, and a small digiti- 
form foot. The shell is equivalve, gaping, without hinge- 
teeth, with an external ligament, a deep pallial impres- 
sion, and unequal muscular scars. They mostly burrow 
into shells, stone, or mud, and form a kind of tube which 
does not coalesce at all with the valves of the shell. The 
name has also been extended to embrace the families As- 
fergilliaK and Clavagellidte. See watering-pot shell, un- 
der shell. 
gastrochene (gas'tro-ken), . One of the Gas- 
trochifnidce. 
gastrochenite (gas-tro-ke'nit), n. [< NL. Gas- 
trochcenites (Leymerie), < Gastrochcena, q. v.] A 
fossil gastrochene, or some similar shell. 
gastrocnemial (gas-trok-ne'mi-al), a. ["< gas- 
troaiemius + -al.] Pertaining to the gastroc- 
nemius ; forming a part of the calf of the leg. 
gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne'mi-us), .; pi. gas- 
trocnemii (-i). [NL., < Gr. yaarpoKvquia, the calf 
of the leg, < yaarfjp (yaarp-), stomach, + wf/w, 
leg.] A superficial muscle of the posterior 
tibial region, arising from the femur and in- 
serted into the tarsus, the action of which ex- 
tends the foot upon the leg, and flexes the leg 
upon the thigh : so called from its character in 
man, in whom it forms, together with the so- 
leus, the protuberant or "bellying" part of the 
calf of the leg. In man the gastrocnemius arises by 
two heads, inner and outer, from the corresponding con- 
dyles of the femur, is joined by the soleus, and then forms 
a very stout tendon, the tendo A chillis, which is inserted 
Into the tuberosity of the os calcis or heel-bone. (See cut 
under muscle.) In animals in which there is no soleus the 
two heads of the gatrocnemius often form two muscles, 
distinct in their whole length, with separate Achillean 
tendons. Gastrocnemius externus, the part of the 
gastrocnemius which arises from the outer condyle of the 
femur ; the external gastrocnemius, when there are two. 
Gastrocnemius internus, the part of the gastrocnemius 
which arises from the inner condyle of the femur; the in- 
ternal gastrocnemius, when there are two. 
gastrocoelus (gas-tro-se'lus), . ; pi. gastrocceU 
(-11). [NL., < Gr. y'aarr/p (yaarp-), stomach, + 
/coiAof, hollow.] In entom., either one of two 
lateral pits or depressions at the base of the 
second abdominal tergite, as in many Ichneu- 
monida;. 
gastrocolic (gas-tro-kol'ik), a. [< Gr. yaarrjp 
(yaarp-), stomach, -f- K<i/W , the colon.] In anat., 
pertaining to the stomach and to the colon. 
Gastrocolic omentum, the epiploon, great omentum, or 
caul, a quadruple fold of the peritoneum hanging down 
from the stomach and colon. 
gastrocystic (gas-tro-sis'tik), a. Pertaining to 
a gastrocystis. 
gastrocystis (gas-trp-sis'tis), n. [< Gr. yaarf/p 
(yaarp-), belly, + Kvarif, bladder (cyst).] In 
embryol., the germ-vesicle or blastodermic vesi- 
cle of a mammal. Haeckel. It has the form and 
appearance of a blastula or vesicular morula, being a hoi* 
low globule of a single layer of ectoderm-cells, filled with 
fluid, and containing a comparatively small mass of endo- 
derm-cells adherent to one part of its inner surface. But 
morphologically it differs from a true blastula in that it 
is formed from a gastrula after gastrulation, not from a 
morula before gastrulation, this being a course of develop- 
ment characteristic of mammals. 
Gastrodela (gas-tro-de'lS), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
yaaryp (yaarp-), stomach, + 6rj\<x;, manifest.] A 
superfamily of rotifers, having no intestine or 
anus, represented by the family Asj>lanclmi<l<i . 
Ehrenberg, 1832. Also Gasterodela. 
gastrodisCUS (gas-tro-dis'kus), . [NL., < Gr. 
yaarfip (yaarp-), stomach, + SiaKof, a disk.] 1. 
PI. gastrodisci (-i). In embryol., an intestinal 
germ-disk; the germ-disk or germinal area of 
gastromalacia 
the germ-vesicle of a mammal, as distinguished 
from the similar but morphologically different 
germinating area of other animals, it occurs 
only in that vesicular stage of a mammalian embryo kn<>u n 
as the gastrocystis, and consists of a heap of endoderm- 
cells massed at one place on the interior of a hollow ball 
of ectoderm-cells. See blastula, pOJtrMMCfe 
2. [con.] A genus of trematoid worms. 
gastroduodenal (gas"tr6-du-o-de'nal), a. [< Gr. 
yaorfyp (yaarp-), stomach, + duodenum, q. v.] In 
anat., pertaining to the stomach and duode- 
num : as, the gastroduodenal artery. 
gastroduodenitis (gas'^ro-du'c-de-ni'tis), n. 
[< Gr. yaarf/p (yaarp-), stomach', +' duodenitis, 
q. v.] In pathol., inflammation of the stomach 
and duodenum. 
gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'i-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. 
yaarijp (yaarp-), stomach, + bdiiv/i, pain.] In 
pathol., pain in the stomach; gastralgia. 
gastro-enteric (gas"tro-en-ter'ik), a. [< Gr. ya- 
arfip (yaarp-), stomach, + evrepa, intestines. Cf. 
enteric.] Pertaining to the stomach and intes- 
tines. 
gastro-enteritis(gas"tr6-en-te-ri'tis), n. [NL., 
prop. *gastrenteritis, < Gr. yacrt/p (yaarp-), stom- 
ach, + Ivrepa, intestines, + -itis. Cf. enteritis.] 
In pathol., inflammation of the stomach and 
intestines. 
gastro-epiploic (gas"tro-ep-i-pl6'ik), a. [< Gr. 
yaarfy (yaarp-), stomach, -f epiploon, q. v.] 
Pertaining to the stomach and to the epiploon 
or great omentum. 
gastro-esophageal (gas"tro-e-so-fa'je-al), a. 
[< Gr. yaaryp (yaarp-), stomach, + oiaoipdyof, 
the gullet. Cf. esophageal.'] Pertaining both 
to the stomach and to the esophagus : as, gas- 
tro-esophageal ganglia. 
gastronepatic (gas*tr6-he-pat'ik), a. [< Gr. ya- 
art/p (yaarp-), stomach, + iiirap (ifirar-), liver. 
Cf. hepatic.] Pertaining both to the stomach 
and to the liver : as, the gastrohepatic omentum. 
Gastrohepatic omentum, a reflection of the perito- 
neum between the stomach and the liver. 
gastrohysterotomy (gas'tro-his-te-rot'o-mi), 
n. [< Gr. yaarr/p (yaarp-), stomach, T hysteroto- 
my.] In surg., the Csesarean section (which 
see, under Ctesarean). 
Eighty-three children saved by gastro-hysterotomy in 
England. Medical News, LII. 413. 
gastroid (gas'troid), a. [< Gr. yaarpoeidr/e, belly- 
like, potbellied, < yaarf/p (yaarp-), belly, stom- 
ach, + eltiof, form.] Resembling the belly or 
stomach: applied to parts of animals and plants. 
Thomas, Med. Diet. 
gastro-intestinal (gas'tro-in-tes'ti-nal), a. 
Pertaining to the stomach and intestines ; gas- 
tro-enteric. 
gastrolater (gas-trol'a-ter), n. [< F. gastrolatre 
(Cotgrave), < Gr. yaarf/p (yaarp-), belly, stom- 
ach, + -'karprif, as in eiSu^oiArpr/q, an idolater: 
see idolater.'] One whose god is his belly. Da- 
vies. [Rare.] 
Pantagruel observed two sorts of troublesome and too 
officious apparitors, whom he very much detested. The 
Hrst were called Engastrimythes, the others Gastrolaters. 
Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, iv. 58. 
gastrolatrous (gas-trol'a-trus), a. [As gas- 
trolater + -os.] Belly-worshiping. Davies. 
[Rare.] 
The variety we perceived in the dresses of the gastrola- 
trous coquillons was not less. 
Urquhart, tr. of Kabelais, Iv. 58. 
gastrolith (gas'tro-lith), n. [< NL. gastrolithus, 
< Gr. yaarfyp (yaarp-), stomach, + AiSof, stone.] 
A gastric concretion or calculus ; a stony con- 
cretion in the stomach; a bezoar; specifically, 
one of the concretions called crabs' eyes in the 
stomach of some crustaceans, as the crawfish. 
See eye 1 , n., 12. 
The gastrolith, a discoidal stony mass, interposed be- 
tween the cellular and cuticular layers of the anterior 
cardiac wall. 
Huxley and Kartin, Elementary Biology, p. 210. 
gastrolithus (gas-trol'i-thus), n. ; pi. gastrolithi 
(-thi). TNL.] A gastrolith. 
Gastrolobium (gas-tro-16'bi-um), n. [NL., < 
Gr. yaari/p (yaarp-), stomach, + fa>/36(, a pod.] 
A genus of leguminous shrubs peculiar to west- 
ern Australia, some of which are occasionally 
cultivated in greenhouses. There are about 30 spe- 
cies, with bright-yellow flowers and inflated pods. They 
are called by the settlers poison-plants, because they often 
prove fatal to cattle that browse upon them. 
gastrplogy (gas-trol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. yaarpotoyia, 
the title of a work of Archestratus, in a special 
sense (see gastronomy), < yaorqp (yaarp-), stom- 
ach, + -l.oyia, < teyeiv, speak: see -ology.] A 
treatise on the stomach. Maunder. 
gastromalacia (gas"tro-ma-la'si-a), n. [NL., 
< Gr. yaan'/p (yaarp-), stomach, -I- fiahan'ta, soft- 
