gastromalacia 
ness, weakness, < /ia'/.ait6f, soft, weak.] In pa- 
thol., softening of the stomach, arising in most 
cases from post-mortem digestion, but some- 
times existing during life. 
gastromancy (gas'tro-man-si), n. [< F. gastro- 
IH a ii tie, < Gr. yaarf/p (yaarp-), stomach, + fiairrcia, 
divination. Cf. yaarpo/iavrei'fotlai, divine by the 
belly.] In antiq.: (a) A kind of divination 
among the ancients by means of words which 
seemed to be uttered from the belly; divina- 
tion by ventriloquism. (6) A species of divi- 
nation by means of large-bellied glasses or 
. other round transparent vessels, in the center 
of which figures were supposed to appear by 
magic art. 
gastromargue (gas'tro-marg), n. [F.,<NL. 
Gastromargus or Gastrimargus (Spix), an un- 
used genus name, < Gr. yaarpi/iapyoe, glutton- 
ous: see gastrimargism.] A monkey of the 
genus Lagothrix. Geoffroy. 
gastromytht (gas'tro-mith), . [< Gr. yaarfp 
(yaarp-), stomach. + fivOeladai, speak, < ftvdof, 
word, speech: see myth.] One whose voice ap- 
pears to come from the belly ; a ventriloquist. 
I SI i in a t. 
gastronome (gas'tro-nom), . [< F. gastronome 
= Pg.lt.t/<mtronow: see gastronomy.] Same 
as gastronomer. 
The happy gastronome may wash it down with a selec* 
tion of thirty wines from Burgundy to Tokay. 
L. F. Simpson. 
gastronomer (gas-tron'o-mer), n. [< gastron- 
omy + -erl. Cf. astronomer.] One versed in 
gastronomy ; one who is a judge of good living ; 
a judge of the art of cookery; a gourmet; an 
epicure. 
The Roman Apicius, one of the three gastronomers of 
that name, devised a sort of cakes which were termed 
Apicians. Amer. Cyc., V. 298. 
gastronomic, gastronomical (gas-tro-nom'ik, 
-i-kal), o. [< gastronomy + -ic-al.] Pertaining 
to gastronomy. 
gastronomist (gas-tron'o-mist), . [< gastron- 
omy + -ist.] Same as gastronomer. 
I was glad to have an opportunity of dining with so re- 
nowned a gastronomist. Ilitlwer, Pelham. 
gastronomy (gas-tron'o-mi), . [< F. gastro- 
nomic = Sp. gastronomia = Pg. It. gastronomia, 
< Gr. yaarpovo/iia, another title given to the work 
of Archestratus called yaarpokoyia (see gastrol- 
ogy), < yaari/p (yaarp-), stomach, -t- veuttv, reg- 
ulate, < voftof, rule, law.] The art of prepar- 
ing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing 
food; hence, the pleasures of the table ; epicu- 
rism. 
Those incomparable men, who, retiring from a sinful 
world, gave themselves witli undivided zeal to the pro- 
found science of gastronomy. Bulwer, Pelham. 
gastronOSOS (gas-tron'o-sos), n. [< Gr. yaarf/p 
(yaarp-), stomach, + voaof, disease.] In pathol., 
disease of the stomach. 
Gastrqpacha (gas-trop'a-kii), n. [NL. (Och- 
senheimer, 1810), irreg. <; (5r. yaari/p (yaorp-), 
stomach, + vaxi't, thick.] A genus of bombycid 
Gastrofacha hildei, natural size. 
moths having somewhat dentate wings, stout 
body, long palpi, and short antennae. The species 
occur rarely in North and South America, more commonly 
in Europe, and especially in Asia ; one is also Australian. 
G. guercifolia is a common European example. 
gastroparalysis (gas'tro-pa-ral'i-sis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. yaarfip (yaarp-), stomach, + napakvaic,, pa- 
ralysis.] In pathol., paralysis of the stomach. 
gastroparietal (gas'tro-pa-ri'e-tal), a. [< Gr. 
yaariip (yaarp-), stomach, + L,. paries (pariet-), 
wall: see par ietes, parietal.] Of or pertaining 
to the stomach or the alimentary canal and the 
parietes or walls of the cavity in which it is 
situated. Gastroparietal band, in Brachiopoda and 
Polyzoa, a kind of mesentery which extends from the mid- 
gut to the parietes of the cceloma, forming a partition in 
the ccelomatic cavity. In Polyzoa, also called the/Mic- 
lus. See cut under Phimatelta. 
gastropathic (gas-tro-path'ik), a. [< gastrop- 
athy + -ic.] Pertaining to gastropathy. 
gastropathy (gas-trop'a-thi), . [< Gr. yaart/p 
(yaarp-), stomach. + n-'dfof, suffering.] Inpa- 
thol., disease of the stomach. 
2466 
Gastrophilus, See Gaxterophilus. 
gastrophrenic (gas-tro-fre'nik), a. [< Gr. ya- 
arl/p (yaorp-), stomach, + <j>p>iv, the diaphragm.] 
Pertaining to the stomach and the diaphragm : 
applied to a fold of the peritoneum between 
these organs. 
Gastropnysema (gas'tro-fi-se'ma), . [NL., 
< Gr. yaorqp (yaarp-), stomach, + <jtva>i/ia, a 
breath, a bubble, < Qveav, blow, breathe.] A 
supposed genus of physemarian chalk-sponges, 
related to Haliphysema, but having several 
chambers. According to Haeckel (1876), these sponges 
are very near the archetypal gastrula in structure. It is 
really a foraminiferous form, not a sponge at all. See 
sponge. 
gastropneumonic (gas'tro-nu-mon'ik), a. [< 
Gr. yaarijp (yaarp-), stomach, + irvevuwv, the 
lungs.] Pertaining to the stomach and the 
lungs : applied to the continuous mucous mem- 
brane of the digestive and respiratory tracts. 
gastropod, Gastropoda, etc. See gasteropod, 
etc. 
gastropore (gas'tro-por), n. [< Gr. yaart/p 
(yaarp-), stomach, -I- ir6pof, pore.] The pore or 
orifice of a gastrozooid or nutritive polypite. 
Moseley, 1881. 
gastrorrhagia (gas-tro-ra'ji-a), n. [< Gr. yaarr/p 
(yaarp-), stomach, + -payia, < frr/yvfvat, break.] 
In pathol.. hemorrhage from the stomach. 
gastrorrhaphy (gas-tror'a-fi), n. [< Gr. yaarr/p 
(yaarp-), stomach, + paj>>/, a seam, suture, < 
pdirrtiv, sew.] In surg., the operation of sew- 
ing up wounds of the abdomen. 
gastrorrhea, gastrorrhcea (gas-tro-re'a), . 
[NL. gastrorrh<Ka,(.QT. yaarf/p(yaarp-), stomach, 
+ poia, a flow, < pciv, flow.] Inpathol., a morbid 
increase in the secretion of the mucous glands 
of the stomach. 
gastroscqpic (gas-tro-skop'ik), a. [< gastros- 
ci>y + -ic.] Of or pertaining to gastroscopy. 
gastrOSCOpy (gas-tros'ko-pi), n. [< Gr. yaarf/p 
(yaarp-), stomach, + anotrelv, look after.] In 
med., an examination of the abdomen in order 
to detect disease. 
gastrosplenic (gas-tro-sple'nik), a. [< Gr. ya- 
arrjp (yaarp-), stomach, + air/^v, the spleen.] 
Pertaining to the stomach and the spleen. 
Gastrosplenic ligament r omentum, the fold of peri- 
toneum by which the spleen is attached to the stomach. 
gastrostegal (gas-tros'tf-gal), a. [As gastro- 
titege + -al.] Covering the belly, as the ven- 
tral scutes of a snake ; pertaining to the gas- 
trosteges. 
gastrostege (gas'tro-stej), n. [< Gr. yaarrip 
(yaarp-), stomach, + orcyof, a roof.] One of the 
scales or scutes which cover the abdomen of a 
snake from the head to the tail ; an abdominal 
scute or scutellum. Snakes seldom have on the belly 
many small scales like those of the back and sides, being 
usually furnished instead with short, wide, transverse 
gastrosteges which reach from side to side, and are im- 
bricated, the hind edge of one overlapping the fore edge 
of the next succeeding. By muscular action when the 
snake is wriggling the whole series of gastrosteges stand 
somewhat on edge, so that their sharp hind borders catch 
on the slightest inequality of the surface, over which the 
snake thus glides as if pushed along by numberless little 
feet. That such is the action of the gastrosteges may be 
inferred from the ineffectual writhing of a snake when 
placed on a perfectly smooth surface, as a plate of glass. 
The last gastrostege, technically called the preanal or 
postatxtominal, is usually bifid, or otherwise modified. 
Scutes somewhat like gastrosteges cover the under side 
of the tail, and are known as urosteges. See urostege. 
gastrostomize (gas-tros'to-miz), v. t. ; pret. and 
pp. gastrostomized, ppr. gdstrostomizing. [< Gr. 
yaarr/p (yaarp-), stomach, + ar6fia, the mouth.] 
In surg., to subject to the operation of gas- 
trostomy. 
Gastrostomus (gas-tros'to-mus), n. [NL. 
(Gill and Kyder, 1883), < Gr. yaarf/p (yaarp-), 
stomach, + or6/ia, mouth.] A genus of deep- 
sea fishes, of the order Lyomeri and family 
Enrypharyngidce, having an eel-like form and 
enormously developed jaws, six or seven times 
as long as the rest of the skull, supporting a 
great gular pouch like a pelican's. The type 
species is named G. bairdi. It is an inhabitant of the 
deep sea, and has as yet been found only in the north At- 
lantic near the American coast. 
gastrostomy (gas-tros'to-mi), n. [< Gr. yaarijp 
(yaarp-), stomach, -f- ard'ua, mouth.] In surg., 
the operation of forming an artificial opening 
into the stomach, for introducing food when it 
cannot pass through the gullet, on account of 
obstruction or stricture. 
gastrotomic (gas-tro-tom'ik), a. [< gastrotomy 
+ -if.] Pertaining to gastrotomy. 
gastrotomy (gas-trot'o-mi), n. [< F. gastroto- 
mie, < Gr. yaarfip (yaarp-), stomach, + rop.fi, a 
cutting.] In surg.: (a) The operation of cut- 
ting into the stomach. (6) Laparotomy. 
gastrulation 
Gastrotricha (gas-trot'ri-ka), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
yaarr/p (yaarp-), stomach, + 6pi (rpix-), hair.] 
An order of worm-like organisms formed by 
Metchnikoff for the reception of Ichthyidium, 
a genus by some referred to the Botifera : so 
called from the ciliated ventral surface. See 
Echinoderes, Chwtonotus. The group is still very 
imperfectly known. By some it is made a class of ani- 
mals and placed between liottfera and Hemataidea. Also 
Gasterotricha. 
gastrotrichous (gas-trot'ri-kus), a. [As Gas- 
trotricha + -ous.] Having the ventral surface 
ciliated; specifically, having the characters of 
the Gastrotricha. 
gastrovascular (gas-tro-vas'ku-lar), a. [< Gr. 
yaarf/p (yaarp-), stomach, + L. vasculwm, a little 
vessel: see vascular.] Commo to or serving 
alike for the functions of digestion and circu- 
lation, as the body-cavity of some animals, or 
pertaining to the organs concerned in these 
processes. 
Sagitta is temporarily cuelenterate, but the two ijastro- 
vascular sacs, each enclosing an enterocoele, become shut 
on* from the alimentary canal and metamorphosed into 
the walla of the perivisceral cavity. 
Huxley, Encyc. Brit., II. 62. 
Gastrovascular canal, a connection or communication 
between the enteric cavity proper and some part of the 
body -cavity. 
In many Invertebrata, one or more dlverticula of the 
archenteron extend into the perienteron and ita contained 
mesoblast. Sometimes, as in the Coelenterata, these re- 
main connected with the alimentary cavity throughout 
life, and are termed gastrooascular canals. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 586. 
Gastrovascular space, a gastrovascular body-cavity. 
Radially symmetrical animals with a body composed of 
cells. They have a body-cavity which serves alike for cir- 
culation and digestion (gastromscular space). 
Claus. Zoology (trans.), p. 209. 
Gastrovascular system, in Aealepha. See the extract. 
The principal digestive cavity [of acalephs] seldom re- 
mains single, but grows out into secondary cavities, which 
have the character of pouches, or of canals. . . . These 
accessory spaces of the digestive cavity, included with the 
latter under the designation gastrovascular system, un- 
dertake the function of a circulatory system, without be- 
ing morphologically anything else than the differentia- 
tions of a primitive enteric cavity. 
Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 114. 
gastrula (gas' trij- la), n.; pi. gastrulce (-le). 
[NL., dim. of L. gaiter, < Gr. yaarfip, belly, 
stomach: see gaster^.] In emoryol., that form 
of ftie germ of the Metazoa which is a germ- 
cup of which the walls consist of two layers. 
Gastrula of a Chalk-sponge ( Olynlhta). 
j4, external view. B, longitudinal section through the axis: g, 
primitive intestine (primitive intestinal cavity); o, blastopore or 
primitive mouth (primitive mouth-opening); t, inner cell-layer of the 
body-wall (the inner germ-layer, hypoblast, endodeim, or intestinal 
layer) : e. outer cell-layer (the outer germ-layer, epiblast, ectoderm, or 
skin-layer). ( From Haeckel's " Evolution of Man." ) 
It is the result of that process of invagination which oc- 
curs in most animals, whereby a vesicular morula, blasto- 
sphere, or blastula is converted into a cup-like two-lay- 
ered germ, with a blastopore or oriflce of invagination, 
and an endoderm or membrane inclosing a primitive intes- 
tinal cavity, the endoderm itself being inclosed within an 
ectoderm. The word enters into many loose compounds 
of obvious meaning, as gastrula-body, -cup, -form, -fm-ina- 
tion, -germ, -mouth, -stage, -stomach, etc., mostly derived 
from the translation of the German compounds used in 
Haeckel's works. See gastrulation. 
The stage of embryonic development in which the cellu- 
lar wall consists of two layers of cells is called by Haeckel 
the "gastrula stage." L. F. Ward, Dynam. Sociol., 1. 339. 
The gastrula seems to me the most important and sig- 
nificant germ-form of the 
animal kingdom. 
Haeckel, Evol. of Man 
((trans.), 1. 192. 
gastrular (gas'tr- 
lar),o. [<.gastrula + 
-ar.] Pertaining to / 
a gastrula or to gas- 
trulatipn: as, a gas- 
trular invagination. 
gastrulation (gas- 
trQ-la'shon), n. [< coele . _ blastopore or aperture of 
gaStrUta + ~atlOn.\ invagination; eft, d4, large blasto- 
In embryol., the for- ^"jLtomere^S'the e'TbSS 1 in 
mation of a gastrula ; 
the process whereby a germ is converted from 
a morula or a blastula iuto a gastrula. in most 
Gastrulation of an Ascidian. 
I. Vesicular Morula of an Ascidian 
flattened and about to undergo gas- 
trulation. II. Gastrulation effected. 
/h, cavity of the morula, or blasto- 
' ; to, blastopore, or aperture of 
