gazzetta 
2475 
geat 
In the dark forest here, 
Clad in my warlike gear, 
Fell I upon my spear. 
Longfellow, Skeleton in Armor. 
Obverse. 
Gazzetta of the Ionian islands, 1801 ; British Museum. 
(Size of the original. ) 
Venice for the Ionian islands during and after 
Venetian domination there. 
G. 0. B. An abbreviation of Grand Cross of 
the Bath. See Knights of the Bath, under bath*. 
Ge. In clicm., the symbol for germanium. 
Geadephaga (je-a-def'a-ga), n. pi. [NL., orig. 
improp. Geodephaga (MacLeay, 1825), < Gr. yfi, 
the earth, + NL. Adepkaga, q. v.] The terres- 
trial adephagous or raptorial beetles, including 
the great families Carabidai and Cicindelidw : 
distinguished from Hydradephaga. 
geadephagous (je-a-def 'a-gus), a. [< Geadepha- 
gn + -oiis.] Terrestrial 'and predaceous : spe- 
cifically applied to the Geadephaga. 
geal 1 del), v. i. [< OF. geler, F. geler = Pr. 
gelar = Sp. helar = Pg. gelar = It. gelare, < L. 
gelare, freeze : see gelid, congeal. ] To congeal. 
[Obsolete or provincial.] 
It forms little grains or seeds within it, which cleave to 
its sides, then grow hard, and geal, as it were. 
Partheneia Sacra (1633), p. 190. 
We found the duke my father gealde in blood. 
C. Tourneur, Revenger's Tragedy, sig. 1, 1. 
geal 2 (je'al), a. [< Gr. yata, yii, the earth, + E. 
-al.~\ 1. Of or pertaining to the earth ; terres- 
trial. 2. Produced by the attraction of the 
earth. [Rare in both uses.] 
The geal tide on the moon will be about eighty times 
higher than the lunar tide on the earth, in consequence of 
the earth's superior mass. Winchell, World-Life, p. 384. 
gean (gen), n. [An E. spelling of F. guigne, 
OF. guisne, a kind of cherry, = Wall, visine = 
NGr. fiiaivov, wild cherry, prob. of Slavic origin, 
< OBulg. vishnja = Lith. vyszna, egriot ; or, with 
alteration of the second syllable, = It. viseiola, 
egriot, < OHG. wihsala, MHG. wihsel, G. weich- 
sel, egriot, wild cherry, of the same origin as 
the Slav. Lith. word.] The wild cherry of Eu- 
rope, Prunus (Cerasus) avium. Its wood is valuable 
for many purposes, and is much used for tobacco-pipes 
and their stems. The small purple or black fruit is es- 
teemed for its pleasant flavor, and is largely used for mak- 
ing cordials. The tree is common in some parts of Great 
Britain, but more abundant on the continent. 
geantt, A Middle English form of giant. 
geanticlinal (je-an-ti-kli'nal), n. [< Gr. yfj, the 
earth, + E. anticlinal.'] In geol., a region hav- 
ing an anticlinal structure; the central mass 
of a mountain range, considered as built up 
according to the views of those who adopt the 
theory that the axes of the great chains are 
metamorphosed sedimentary, and not eruptive, 
rocks. See geosynclinal. 
And therefore, while the tertiary movements were in 
progress, the part of the force not expended in producing 
them carried forward an upward bend, or geanticlinal, of 
the vast Kocky Mountain region, as a whole. 
J. D. Dana, Manual of Geology (2d ed.), p. 752. 
In all cases there have been three steps in the forma- 
tion of a mountain-chain. First, the deposition of the vast 
thickness of the geosynclinal. Second, the squeezing up 
of the mass of rocks into a geanticlinal, and the produc- 
tion of a long, narrow, and lofty ridge. Thirdly, the carv- 
ing out of this shapeless mass into peaks and valleys. 
A. H. Green, Phys. Geol. 
gear (ger), . [Early mod. E. also geer ; < ME. 
gere, ger (never with initial palatal, g or y, as in 
the related gare, yare, mod. E. yare, the orig. g 
being preserved by the frequent alliteration 
with gay, good, golden, grmtli, etc., or, as in 
the related verb garen, garren, mod. E. gar 2 , 
by Scand. influence), < AS. gcarwe, pi., prepa- 
ration, dress, ornament, gear, = OS. garuwi = 
OHG. garaioi, MHG. game (> OF. garbe, > E. 
garb 1 , q. v.) = Icel. gorvi, gjoni, gear, < AS. 
gearu, gearo (gearw-), ready, yare: see yare.] 
1. A state of preparation or fitness ; a suitable 
or fitting condition: as, to be out of gear; to 
bring anything into gear. 2. Whatever is pre- 
paredforuse or wear; manufacturedstuff orma- 
terial; hence, habit; dress; ornaments; armor. 
Ourc luflych lede lys in his bedde, 
Gawayn graythely at home, in gera ful ryche of hewe. 
Sir (jawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1470. 
The Bramans markethemselues in their foreheads, eares, 
and throats, with a kindof yellow geare which they grinde ; 
euery morning they doe it. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 475. 
It behoved not him to wear such flne gear. 
Latitner, Misc. Selections. 
material between the cogs or teeth, the shape of the emery- 
wheel determining the shape of the interdental space, and 
consequently determining the shape of the teeth. Milling- 
cutters are also much used. Gear-cutting machines usu- 
ally have the shape of a lathe, the blank being supported 
3. Any special set of things forming essential on the mandrel, and the cutting-wheel by the tool-rest 
parts or appurtenances, or utilized for or con- The number and pitch of the teeth are regulated by a grad- 
nonfoH wifh BAma anfii-ial act. ocfiiination. etc. : Hated disk attached to the mandrel, and the cutter is 
driven by various systems of gearing. Large machines 
have been made to work as planers, and arranged for every 
variety of angle and level gearing. Wood-working gear- 
cutters are rotary cutters (molders), and are used to cut 
wooden patterns for casting geared wheels. Gear-cutters 
nected with some special act, occupation, etc 
as, hunting-</er. Specifically (a) The harness or 
furniture of working animals ; whatever is used in equip- 
ping horses or cattle for draft or other use ; tackle. 
There were discovered first two doves, then two swans 
with silver geers, drawing forth a triumphant chariot. 
B. Jonson, Hue and Cry. 
Thenceforth they are his cattle : drudges, born 
To bear his burthens, drawing in his gears. 
Cowper, Task, v. 273. 
are also made to cut wheels of epicycloidal form. A gear- 
cutting attachment is also used with some milling-ma- 
chines. See odontograph. 
gearing (ger'ing), n. [Verbal n. of gear, .] 
1. Gear; dress; harness. 2. In mach., the 
(!>) Naut.. the ropes, blocks, etc., belonging to any par- parts collectively by which motion communi- 
ticular sail or spar: as, the mainsail-grear ; the foretop- ca ted to one part of a machine is transmitted 
I told him I should be glad if his men would cross the 
top-gallant and royal yards and get the gear rove. 
(c) In mach., the appliances or furnishings connected with 
the acting parts of any piece of mechanism : as, expansion- 
gear ; valve-gear. More particularly (1) Toothed wheels 
collectively. (2) The connection of toothed wheels with 
each other ; gearing : as, to throw machinery into or out of 
gear, (d) A coal-miners' set of tools. [Eng.] (e)pl. Incoal- 
mining, staging and rails for shipping coal on wharves. 
4. Goods; property in general. [Now most 
common in Scotch use.] 
I want nane o' his gowd, I want nane o' his gear. 
Prince Robert (Child's Ballads, III. 25). 
The gear that is gifted, it never 
Will last like the gear that is won. 
J. Baillie, Woo'd and Married and A'. 
5f. A matter; an affair; affairs collectively. 
To cheare his guests whom he had stayd that night, 
And make their welcome to them well appeare ; 
That to Sir Calidore was easie geare. 
Spenser, F. Q., VI. iii. 6. 
But I will remedy this gear ere long, 
Or sell my title for a glorious grave. 
Shah., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 
I trust you all, my dearly beloved, will consider this 
gear with yourselves, and in the cross see God's mercy. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 37. 
When once her eye 
Hath met the virtue of this magick dust, 
I shall appear some harmless villager, 
Whom thrift keeps up about his country gear. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 167. 
6f. Ordinary manner; behavior; custom; prac- 
tice. 
Into a studie he fel al sodeynly, 
part c 
to another; specifically, a train of toothed 
; motion. 
bem[ed ?mrim . In tne former the teeth are arranged 
round cither the concave or the convex surface of acylin- 
drical wheel in the direction of radii from the center of 
the wheel, and are of equal depth throughout. In beveled 
gearing the teeth are placed upon the exterior periphery 
of a conical wheel in a direction converging to the apex 
of the cone, and the depth of the tooth gradually dimin- 
ishes from the base. See becel, and cut under bevel-gear. 
Angular gearing. See angular. Beveled gearing. 
See def. 2. Conical gearing, a gearing arrangement 
in which the motion is transmitted by a pair of cogged 
cones through interposed pinions. Elliptical gearing, 
geared wheels of an elliptical shape, used to obtain a 
rotary motion of variable speed: also called elliptical 
wheel. Hooked gearing, a form of gearing having the 
teeth set somewhat obliquely across the face of the wheel, 
so that the contact of each tooth begins at its forward 
end and ceases at the opposite end. The spiral has such 
a pitch that one pair of teeth remains in contact until the 
next pair comes together. Hooke's gearing (named for 
Robert Ilooke, an English mathematician and philosopher 
(1635-1703)1, akind of gearingforwheels, in which the teeth 
are cut in a helicoidal form. Multiplying gearing, in 
mach., a combination of cog-wheels in common use for 
imparting motion from wheels of larger to those of smaller 
diameter, so as to increase the rate of revolution. 
Quick-return gearing, in some forms of planing-ma- 
cnines, a system of mechanism fitted to the feed for caus- 
ing the bed to return at increased speed after each cutting 
stroke. The stroke is slow, and the return to the first 
position is accelerated in order to save time. Spiral 
gearing, two cylinders set parallel, and having spiral ribs 
and grooves that mesh or gear together. Stepped gear- 
Ing, a form of gearing in which each tooth or cog on the 
face of a wheel is replaced by a series of smaller teeth 
arranged in steps. The device is allied to the stepped 
rack, and is used to obtain a more uniform and continu- 
ous bearing between the teeth. Worm gearing. Same 
as spiral gearing. 
gearing-chain (ger ing-chan), n. inmacn., an 
endless chain transmitting motion from one 
As don thes loveres in here queynte geres, 
Now in the croppe, now doun in the breres. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, I. 673. 
Bairns' part of gear, in Scots law, same as legitim. toothed wheel to another, the teeth of the wheels 
Differential gear. See differential.- Driving-gear, fitting into the links of the chain, 
those parts of a machine which are most nearly concerned . _.v., i /vsvirio- 1, W pl \ Samp, n a near 
in effecting motion, as, in a locomotive, the parts from the gearmg-Wfieel (ger mg-liwel), n. Same as gear- 
cylinderto the wheels inclusive. Full backward gear, wheel Frictional gearing-wheels. See fractional. 
with the valve-gearing adjusted to produce backward mo- gearksutite (je-ark'su-tit), n. [< Gr. ytj, earth, 
tion of the steam-engine.-Full forward gear, with the + a^g^ite.] A hydrous fluoride of aluminium 
SZ and calciufoin white earthy masses with 
Inside gear, the English arrangement of pitmans and the cryolite of Greenland. 
cranks inside the frame of a locomotive, as distinguished geamt V. i. An obsolete f 
ngines to the wrists on the exterior of the driving- 
wheels by pitmans.- Internal gear, a wheel having its 
cogs on the internal perimeter. Out of gear, not in 
working or running order; not in a condition for use or 
operation. 
Its own [the North's] theory and practice of liberty had 
form of girn. 
, . . . 
from the American method of attaching the cross-heads of Soni- *irlanl I'lrSr'Tiwoll Anv wVippl rmvincr 
the engines to the wrists on the exterior of the driving- gear-Wneel (ger nivel), . Any wneel na\ing 
- 
teeth or cogs which act upon the teeth of an- 
other wheel to impart or transmit motion. 
Annular gear-wheel. See annular. Double gear- 
wheel, a wheel having two sets of cogs, differing in di- 
ameter to drive two pinions. Such a wheel sometimes is 
driven by one pm.on and drives the other. 
got sadly out of gear, and must be corrected. driven by one pm.on and drives the other. 
Emerson, Address, Soldiers' Monument, Concord, geasont, a. [Earlymod. E., also geazon, gatson ; 
"'Fore God I am no 
< ME. geson, gesene, gayssoun, rare, scarce, < 
AS. gcesne, gesne, gesine, barren, empty, lack- 
ing; cf. OFries. gest, gast, North Fries, gast = 
LG. gust, gost, gist, barren (see geest) ; OHG. 
geisini, keisini, lack.] Eare ; uncommon. 
Obstinacy is folly in them that should haue reason ; 
They that will not knowe howe to amende, their wits be 
very geason. Babees Book (E. E. T. 8.), p. 85. 
Then sware Lord Thomas Howard : 
coward ! 
But I cannot meet them here, for my ships are out of 
gear." Tennyson, The Revenge. 
Overhead gear, driving-gear above the object driven. 
Rope driving-gear, ropes used as a substitute for 
belting in the transmission of power from a driver to 
machinery. Running-gear, the running-rigging of a 
vessel. (For other kinds of gear, see bead-gear, cone-gear, 
counter-gear, etc.) 
gear (ger), v. [< gear, .] I. trans. To put 
into gear; prepare for operation; fit with gear 
or gearing: as, to gear up a wagon; to gear a 
machine or an engine Geared brace, engine, etc. 
See the nouns. 
II. intrans. In mach., to fit into another part, 
as one part of gearing into another. See gearing. 
On the shaft of the motor ... is a pinion. This gears 
with a larger cog wheel. Sci. Amer.,x. s.,Lvn. 308. Geaster (je-as'ter), n. [NL., < Gr. yij, the earth, 
gear-box (ger'boks), . A box inclosing gear- + do-r^p, star.] A genus of gasteromycetous 
ing to protect it. 
The effect of the same amount of resistance on each 
wheel will become unequally operative in the gear-box, 
and that defeats the whole object of the contrivance. 
Bury and Ilillier, Cycling, p. 385. 
gear-cutter (ger'kut"er), n. One who or that 
which makes toothed or geared wheels for countries, 
transmitting motion in machinery; specifical- geat 1 (jet), n. [Also written git, perhaps for^e*, 
ly. a machine for cutting the teeth of a geared < jet, throw, cast: see Jeft. If pronounced, as 
wheel. Gear-cutters are frequently grinding-machines, is usually represented, with g =j, it cannot be 
an emery-wheel being used to cut away the superfluous a form of gate, or of the D. gat, a gate, hole, 
Ye shal finde many other words to rime with him, by- 
cause such termination are not yeazon. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesle, p. 87. 
It was frosty winter season, 
And fair Flora's wealth was geason. 
Greene, Philomela's Second Ode. 
This white falcon rare and gaison, 
This bird shlneth so bright. 
Progress of Elizabeth, I. 10. 
^NL., < Gr. yij, the earl 
genus of gasteromyceto 
fungi characterized by a double peridium. The 
outer, the exoperidium, splits into segments which expand 
to a nearly horizontal or reflexed position and take the 
form of a star, lying close to the ground, whence the 
name, signifying earth-star. (See cut under exoperidium,) 
There are 53 known species, of which 30 occur in Europe 
and 17 in North America, some being common to both 
