germ 
vital activity, and probably in larKt; part by the formation 
of poisons called ptomaines. This doctrine no longer rests 
upon indirect evidence alone, but also on the positive 
identification of the peccant organisms in a certain num- 
ber of diseases, as in phthisis, anthrax, relapsing fever, 
typhoid fever, and some others. =Syn. Fetus, Rudiment. 
See embryo. 
germaint, a. See germnnc. 
german 1 (jer'man), a. and . [The same as 
germane (q. v.)i "formerly germain, < ME. ger- 
mayn, german, jermayn, < OF. germain = Pr. 
german, i/irm/in = OSp. germano, Sp. liermuno, 
akin (as noun, a brother, hermana, a sister), = 
Pg. It. germano, < L. germanus, near akin (of 
brothers and sisters who have the same parents, 
or at least the same father) ; from the same root 
as germen, a germ: see germ. As applied to 
terms of kindred, this adj. follows its noun, 
according to the F. idiom.] I. a. 1. Sprung 
from the same father and mother or from bro- 
thers or sisters : always placed after its noun. 
We byeth alle . . . children of holy cherche, brother 
yermayn of uader and of nioder. 
Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 146. 
Ye have no bretheren ne cosins germayns. 
Chaucer, Tale of Mellbeus. 
Brother german denotes one who is brother both by the 
father's and mother's side ; cousins german, children of 
brothers or sisters. Bouvier. 
2f. Nearly related ; closely akin. 
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. 
Shak., T. of A., iv. 8. 
3f. Closely connected ; germane. 
Osr. The carriages, sir, are the hangers. 
Ham. The phrase would be more german to the matter, 
if we could carry cannon by our sides. 
Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. 
Cousin german. See cousini. 
II. t n. One sprung from the same stock; 
specifically, a full brother, sister, or cousin. 
Goe now, proud Miscreant, 
Thyselfe thy message do to german deare. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. v. 13. 
You'll have coursers for cousins, and gennets for ger- 
mane. Shak., Othello, i. 1. 
German- (jer'man), a. and n. [< L. Germanus, 
a. and n., German, Germani, n. pi., the Ger- 
mans, Germania, Germany. The name is prob. 
of Celtic origin, and is said to mean ' shouters,' 
or, according to another explanation, 'neigh- 
bors.' The G. word for 'German' is Deutsch; 
'a German,' ein Deutscher: see Dutch.] I. a. 
Of or pertaining to an important Teutonic race 
inhabiting central Europe, or to Germany, or 
to its inhabitants or their language. At the be- 
ginning of the Christian era the Germans occupied cen- 
tral Europe eastward to the Vistula, southward to the 
Carpathians and Danube, and westward to beyond the 
Rhine. Among their chief tribes were the Suevi, Lom- 
bards, Vandals, Heruli, Chatti, Quadi, Ubii, and Cherusci. 
After the epoch of migrations in the third and fourth cen- 
turies, many tribes, as the Franks, Burgundians, Lom- 
bards, and Vandals, settled permanently in other regions, 
and became merged in the new French, Italian, and Span- 
ish nations. In the East the Germans were displaced by 
Slavs, although important parts of this region have since 
been Germanized. Since about the twelfth century the 
Germans have called themselves die Deutschen. In me- 
dieval and modern times they have occupied a region 
which has had many political changes, but which has re- 
mained of substantially the same extent for centuries. The 
former Roman-German empire contained various lands 
not inhabited by Germans. At the present time the Ger- 
mans form the great majority in the reconstituted German 
empire ; they number over one fourth of the inhabitants 
of Austria-Hungary, chiefly in the western and northwest- 
ern parts ; there are about 1,000,000 Germans in the Baltic 
provinces and elsewhere in Russia, and over two thirds 
of the Swiss are of German race and language. Abbre- 
viated Ger. or S. German Baptists. See Dunkeri. 
German bit, black, etc. See the nouns. German carp, 
an English book-name for the Caras&ias vulgaris, or gibe- 
lio. German Catholic, one of a religious party or body 
in Germany whose members seceded from the Roman 
Catholic Church in 1844 and succeeding years, and gradu- 
ally adopted various ideas different from those of orthodox 
Christianity. Its progress was hindered by governmental 
interference and by internal disputes between the two 
chief leaders, Ronge and Czerski. After the reaction from 
the revolution of 1848 nearly all its members were gradu- 
ally absorbed in other religious bodies. German duck. 
See duck?. German empire. See Holy Roman Empire, 
under empire. German flute. See ./Intel, i (c). Ger- 
man fringe, gold, hone, millet, etc. See the nouns. 
German paste, a kind of paste composed of pea-meal, 
sweet almonds, lard, sugar, hay-saffron, and hard-boiled 
egg, used for feeding larks, thrushes, nightingales, and 
other singing birds. German plate-glass. Same as 
broad glass (which see, under I/road). German porce- 
lain and pottery, porcelain and pottery produced in Ger- 
many. The best-known varieties of German porcelain are 
those of Meissen (generally called Dresden) and Berlin. 
Other celebrated factories are those of Anspach, Hochst, 
Frankenthal, Ludwigsburg, Nymphenburg, and Grossbrei- 
tenbach. German sarsaparilla, sliver, etc. See the 
nouns. German sixth, in music, a chord 
of the extreme sixth, containing the major 
third and perfect fifth of the bass, as shown 
in the figure. German snipet, the dmv- 
itcher : so called in distinction from English 
snipe. Also called Dutch snipr. -German stitch, :i 
stitch used in worsted-work, in which alternately a tapes- 
2499 
try -stitch and a tent-stitch are worked, forming a diagonal 
line. German text, a form of black-letter with profuse- 
ly nourished and very large capital letters. 
>>j> ectnwtt of 
German tinder. Same as amadou. German wool. 
Same as Berlin uvol (which see, under u-ool). 
II. . 1. A member of the German race, or a 
native or an inhabitant of Germany. See I. 
2. The language of Germany or of the. Ger- 
man people, a sub-branch or division of the 
Teutonic or Germanic branch of Indo-Euro- 
pean or Aryan language. Its two principal divisions 
are the Low German, of the northern or lower part of the 
country, and the High German, of the southern or higher 
part. See High German, Low German, below. 
3. Especially, the literary language of Ger- 
many. It is one of the High-German dialects, the for- 
mer court and official dialect of Saxony (though not en- 
tirely free from elements of other dialects), and was brought 
into general learned and literary use, early in the sixteenth 
century, by Luther's writings, especially by his translation 
of the Bible. High German, a collective name for the 
dialects of central and southern Germany, as distinguished 
from the Low German of the north. The dialects it in- 
cludes are many and of various groups, as Alemannic, 
Frankish, Austrian, etc. Its history is divided by the ex- 
isting literary documents into three periods: Old High 
German, from the eighth to the twelfth century (the lead- 
ing dialect Frankish, the literature chiefly Christianiz- 
ing) ; Middle High German, from the twelfth to the six- 
teenth century (one of the leading dialects Swabian, the 
literature chiefly epic, as the Nibelungenlied and Helden- 
sagen, and lyric, as the writings of the Minnesingers); and 
the New High German, or the Modern German, or German 
from the sixteenth century down. See above. Low Ger- 
man, a collective name for the dialects of northern Ger- 
many and the Low Countries, among which the Nether- 
landish or Dutch and the Plattdeutsch have literatures at 
the present time. In a restricted sense, the name is ap- 
plied to the Low German as spoken in the northern parts 
of Germany. It is divided historically into three periods, 
Old Low German, Middle Low German, and Modern Low 
German, corresponding substantially to the periods of 
High German. The dialects of the Teutonic invaders of 
Britain were of the Old Low German class. See Anglo- 
Saxon, English, Friesic, Dutch, etc. 
4. [I. c.] In dancing : (a) An elaborate form 
of the cotillion, in which round dances predom- 
inate and the figures vary according to the in- 
vention of the leader, and in which the chang- 
ing of partners and giving of favors form a 
special feature. (6) An entertainment at which 
the german exclusively is danced. 
There was no german that morning, and the hotel band 
was going through its repertoire for the benefit of a cham- 
pagne party on the lawn. 
C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 232. 
5. [I.e.] In coal-mining, a straw filled with gun- 
powder, used as a fuse in blasting. [Eng.] 
germander (jer-man'der), n. [< ME. germawn- 
der, < OF. germandree, F. germandree = Pr. ger- 
mandrea (ML. germandra, G. germander) = Sp. 
eamedris, camedrio = It. calmnandrea, cala- 
mandrina, germander; various corruptions of 
L. chamcedrys, wall-germander, < Gr. xa/taiiSpvf, 
later also x a l^ a '^P mv , germander, < x a /* a h on the 
ground, + dpvf, a tree, esp. the oak. Cf . chame- 
leon, camomile."] A common name for labiate 
plants of the genus Teucrimn, but especially for 
T. Chamcedrys, having purple flowers, common 
in England. The water-germander is T. Scordium, and 
the wild germander or wood-germander is T. Scorodonia. 
The germander of the United States is T. Canadense. 
For December and January, and the latter part of No- 
vember, you must take such things as are green all winter ; 
holly, ivy, bays, . . . germander, flag, orange-trees, lemon- 
trees, and myrtles, if they be stoved. 
Bacon, Gardens (ed. 1887). 
Her clear germander eye 
Droopt in the giant-factoried city gloom. 
Tennyson, Sea Dreams. 
Bastard or seaside germander, of Jamaica, Stemodia 
maritima, an aromatic scrophulariaceous herb. 
germane (jer-man'), a. [Formerly also ger- 
main; the same as german 1 , q. v., but directly 
< L. germanm, akin: see germani.] If. Closely 
akin ; german. 
Balduine, brother germane of the duke of Loraigne. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 10. 
Not he alone shall suffer, . . . but those that are ger- 
mane to him, though removed fifty times, shall all come 
under the hangman. , Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 
Hence 2. Bearing a close relation ; relevant; 
pertinent. 
It will give a kind of constituency thoroughly germane 
to the nature and purposes of a county representation, 
according to the old rule of the constitution. Gladstone. 
[History], a study of all others the most germane to the 
true and perpetual genius of Oxford. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 8. 
Germanic (jer-man'ik), a. and n. [= D. Ger- 
mtiansch = G. Germanisch = Dan. Sw. Germa- 
nisk, Germansk = F. Germanique = Sp. Pg. It. 
Germti)iico,<. L. Germanicus,(. (f-rrmam, the Ger- 
mans.] I. a. 1. Of or belonging to Germany 
germ-cell 
or the Germans. 2. In a wider sense, of or 
belonging to the peoples of Germany and their 
kindred, or to their institutions ; Teutonic. 
II. n. The language of the Teutonic or Ger- 
manic peoples. See Teutonic. 
Germanism (jer'man-izm), n. [= I). G. Germa- 
nium UH = Dan. Germanisme = Sw. Germanism = 
F. Germanisme = It. Germanismo; as German + 
-ism.'] 1. The quality of being German in feel- 
ings or sentiment ; regard for or love of German 
institutions, interests, and ideas. 
The German liberals . . . overflow with talk of German- 
urn, German unity, the German nation, the German em- 
pire, the German army, and the German navy, the German 
church, and German science. 
//. Spencer, Study of Sociol., p. 215. 
Carlyle was profoundly imbued with Germanism. 
N. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 165. 
2. An imitation of German speech; an idiom 
or phrase copied from the German or resem- 
bling German in construction. 
It is full of Latinisms, Gallicisms, Germanisms, and all 
isms but Anglicisms. Chesterfield. 
Germanist (jer'man-ist), n. [< German + -ist.'] 
A student of the German language ; in a wider 
sense, a student or one having an expert know- 
ledge of Germanic or Teutonic philology. 
We are all to meet, along with a certain Mrs. Austin, a 
young Germanist, Carlyle, in Froude. 
germanium (jer-ma'ni-um), . [NL., < L. Ger- 
mania, Germany: see German.] Chemical sym- 
bol, Ge; specific gravity, 5.469; atomic weight, 
72.3. An element discovered in 1885 by Wmk- 
ler in the mineral argyrodite, which is a sulphid 
of germanium and silver. It is a metal of gray-white 
color and fine metallic luster, and crystallizes in octahe- 
drons. It melts at about 900 C. It does not tarnish in air 
at ordinary temperature, is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, 
is oxidized by nitric acid, and dissolves in aqua regia. In 
the periodic system germanium takes the place of the hy- 
pothetical eka-silicium, between gallium and arsenic on 
the one hand and silicon and zinc on the other. Ger- 
manium is also said to be present in the mineral euxenite. 
Germanization (jer"man-i-za'shon), n. [< Ger- 
manise + -ation.] The act of Germanizing, or 
the state of being Germanized. 
That the Turk has got to go is now hardly open to doubt, 
and in as far as British statesmanship can promote the 
Germanisation, as opposed to the Russiflcation, of Turkey 
in Europe, our policy should be directed to that end. 
Nineteenth Century, XXI. 556. 
Germanize (jer'man-Iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. Ger- 
manized, ppr. Germanizing. [= F. germaniser; 
as German* + -ize.~\ 1. To render German in 
character or sentiment ; cause to conform to 
German ideals or methods. 
When the Empress Anne . . . intrusted the whole ad- 
ministration of the country to her favorite Biron, the Ger- 
man influence became almost exclusive, and the court, the 
official world, and the school were Germanized. 
D. M. Wallace, Russia, p. 887. 
Many Germans, the Swiss so far as they are Germanized, 
the Slavonians, the Fins, and the Turks, are short-headed. 
Huxley, Critiques and Addresses, p. 151. 
2. To translate into German. 
The Dutch hath him who Germaniz'd the story 
Of Sleidan. 
Syhester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., Babylon. 
germ-area (jerm'a/'re-a), n. That part of a ger- 
minating ovum of some animals where a mass 
of endoderm-cells are heaped up on the inner 
surface of a hollow sphere of ectoderm-cells, 
and which is specially the seat of further ger- 
minative processes. See germ-disk. 
germarium (jer-ma'ri-um), n. ; pi. germaria 
(-a). [NL., < L. germ(en), germ, + -arium.'] 
Tne proper ovarium 
or ovary of some of 
the lower animals, 
as the rhabdocffilous 
turbellarians and 
trematoid worms, 
which evolves the 
ova, as distinguished 
from the vitellarium. 
There is a single or 
double germarium, hav- 
ing nearly the same 
structure as the ovary of 
Macrostomum, and the 
ova are formed in it in 
the same way. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., 
[p. 160. 
germ-cell (jerm'sel), 
n. 1. A germ when 
it is a cell, or has 
the morphological 
vnliiA ctf n p*ill PTI 
'i a ceil , an 
impregnated ovum 
about to germinate, but not yet become more 
than a single cell; a cytula. 2. One of the 
Reproductive Organs of a Trematoid 
Worm (Aspidogasterconehicota). 
d, germarium; ?, internal vas de- 
ferens; f, common vitellarian duct; 
i, k, oviduct; /, portion of uterus; 
m, testis. (Highly magnified.) 
