ghawazee 
ghawazee, ghawazi (ga-wii'ze). H. sing, and 
jil. [Ar. gltatoazi.] In Egypt, a degraded class 
of public dancers, male and female, by some 
considered a race of Gipsies, devoted to the 
amusement of the lowest populace : sometimes 
erroneously confounded with the almas. See 
alma. Also ghaziyeh. 
The Ghawazee perform, unveiled, in the public streets, 
even to amuse the rabble. Lane. 
ghazel (gaz'el), n. Same as gazeft. 
ghazi (gii'ze), n. [Ar. ghdzi, a warrior, cham- 
pion, hero ; in particular, as in the def ., short for 
ghazi ad-din, champion of the faith (al, the ; din, 
faith, religion).] A veteran soldier of Islam ; 
especially, a title given in Turkey to sover- 
eigns or subjects renowned for wars with in- 
fidel forces. 
ghaziyeh, n. Same as ghawazee. 
Gheber, Ghebre (ge'ber), . Other spellings 
of Gueber. 
ghee (ge), n. [E. spelling of Hind, gin, Bang. 
ghi, etc., < Skt. ghrita. clarified butter, butter 
or fat in general, < -\/ ghar, drip, besprinkle.] 
In the East Indies, a liquid clarified butter 
made from the milk of cows and buffaloes, co- 
agulated before churning. It is highly esteemed 
and universally used as a substitute for oil in cooking, 
especially in the preparation of food for the Brahmans and 
religious mendicants, and in offerings to the gods. Ghee 
is largely used medicinally as an emollient and stomachic, 
and as a dressing for wounds and ulcers. For these pur- 
poses it is esteemed in proportion to its age. When care- 
fully prepared from pure materials it will keep sweet for 
a great length of time, and it is not extraordinary to hear 
of ghee a hundred years old. 
They will drink milk, and boil'd Butter, which they call 
Ghe. fryer, A New Account of East India and Persia, p. 33. 
The great luxury of the Hindu is butter, prepared in a 
manner peculiar to himself, and called by him ghee. 
Mill, British India, I. 410. 
gherkin (ger'kin), . [Formerly alsogerkin, gir- 
kin, guricin. guerkin (the ft or u being intended 
"to keep the g hard"), < D. agurkje (prob. once 
"agurkken, with dim. suffix -ken = E. -Kin, equiv. 
to dim. -je) = Dan. agurk = Sw. gurka = G. 
gurke, a cucumber, gherkin, < Bohem. okurka = 
Serv. ugorka = Pol. ogorek, ogurek = Upper 
Serbian korka = Lower Serbian gurka = Buss. 
oguretsii = Hung, ugorka = Lith. agurkas = 
Lett, gurkjfe (cf. ML. angurius, MGr. ayyovpov, 
ayyovpiov, NGr. ayyovpt, aynovpi, a cucumber, 
gherkin, of Ar. or Pers. origin): cf. Ar. 'ajur, 
a cucumber (Pers. angur, a grape). The source 
can hardly be, as asserted, in the Ar. Pers. 
Turk, khiydr, Hind, khird, a cucumber.] A 
small-fruited variety of the cucumber, or sim- 
ply a young green cucumber of an ordinary 
variety, used for pickling. 
We this day opened the glass of girlcinx which Captain 
Cocke did give my wife the other day, which are rare 
things. Pepyt, Diary, Dec. 1, 1661. 
ghetchoo (gech'6), n. [E. Ind.] An aquatic 
naiadaceous plant, Aponogeton monostachyon, 
the roots of which are eaten. Also written 
gheechoo. 
Ghetto (get'6), n, ; pi. Ghetti, Ghettos (-e, -6z). 
[It.] The quarter in certain Italian towns in 
which Jews were formerly compelled to live 
exclusively. 
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a sub- 
urb by themselves. Evelyn. 
The seclusion [of the Jews] in Ghettos. Science, VI. 324. 
Ghibelline (gib'e-lin), n. and a. [Also written 
Gibeline, Ghibellin, < It. Ghibellino, the Italian- 
ized form of G. Waiblingen, the name of an 
estate in that part of the ancient circle of 
Franconia now included in Wurtemberg be- 
longing to the house of Hohenstaufen (to which 
the then reigning Emperor Conrad belonged), 
when war broke out about 1140 between this 
house and the Welfs or Guelfs. It is said to 
have been first employed as the rallying-cry of 
the emperor's party at the battle of Weinsberg.] 
I. n. A member of the imperial and aristocratic 
party of Italy in the middle ages, opposed to 
the Guelfs, the papal and popular party. See 
Guelf. 
The rival German families of Welfs and Weiblingens 
had given their names, softened into Guelfl and Ghibel- 
lini, ... to two parties in Northern Italy. . . . The 
nobles, especially the greater ones, . . . were commonly 
Ghibellines, or Imperialists; the bourgeoisie were very 
commonly Guelphs, or supporters of the pope. 
Lowell, Dante. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to the Ghibellines or 
their principles : as, a Ghibelline policy. 
A further step in this direction was the division of the 
towns themselves in Guelf and Ghibellin parties. 
Encyc. Brit,, XI. 245. 
2506 
Ghibellinism (gib'e-lin-izm), n. [< Ghibelliiir 
+ -ism.'} The political creed of the Ghibellines ; 
adherence to and support of the emperor or im- 
perial party, and opposition to the temporal 
power of the pope. 
The indomitably self-reliant man [Dante], loyal first of 
all to his most unpopular convictions, . . . puts his Ghi- 
bellini-sm (jura monarchic) in the front. Lowell, Dante. 
Ghilansilk. See silk. 
ghirlandt, . An obsolete spelling of garland. 
ghittern (git'ern), n. A bad spelling of gittern. 
ghole (gol), n. Same as ghoul. 
ghoont (gont), . [Hind, gunt, the hill-pony or 
Tatar pony.] A small but strong and sure- 
footed East Indian pony, used in the mountain- 
ranges as a pack-horse or saddle-horse. 
Heere is the great breed of a small kind of Horse, called 
Gunts, a true travelling scale-cliffe beast. 
W. Finch, in Purchas, i. 438. (Yule and Burnett.) 
Ghoorka, . See Goorkha. 
ghost (gost), it. [The 7( is a mod. and unneces- 
sary insertion; prop, gost, < ME. gost, goost, 
earlier gast, < AS. gdst, breath, spirit, a spirit, 
= OS. gest = OFries. gast, iest=D. geest = MLG. 
geist, LG. geest = OHG. MHG. G. geist, spirit, 
a spirit, genius, = ODan. gast, spirit^ specter, 
Dan. geist (prob. < G.), a ghost, spirit, = Sw. 
aast, evil spirit, ghost, satyr; not in Icel. nor 
in Goth. (Goth, ahma, spirit). The sense of ' ap- 
parition, specter,' is later than that of ' breath, 
spirit,' and makes more improbable the con- 
nection, usually asserted (through ' a terrifying 
apparition'), with ghastly, gastly, gast, terrify, 
Goth, us-gaisjan, terrify : see gas ft. The origin 
remains uncertain.] 1 . Breath ; spirit ; specifi- 
cally, the breath ; the spirit ; the soul of man. 
[Obsolete or archaic except in the phrase to 
give up the ghost.~\ 
"Thowsaist natgoth," quod he, "thow sorceresse! 
With al thi false goost of prophecie." 
Chaucer, Troilus, v. 1534. 
Thus God gaf hym a goost of the godhed of heuene, 
And of his grete grace graunted hym blisse. 
Piers Plowman (B), U. 45. 
\Vho-so be greued in his goost, gouerne him bettir. 
ABC of Aristotle (E. E. T. S.), XXXII. 11. 
But when indeed she found his ghost was gone, then sor- 
row lost the wit of utterance and grew rageful and mad. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, iii. 
No knight so rude, I weene, 
As to doen outrage to a sleeping ghost. 
Spenser, V. Q., II. viii. 26. 
2. The soul of a dead person ; the soul or spirit 
separate from the body; more especially, a dis- 
embodied spirit imagined as wandering among 
or haunting living persons ; a human specter 
or apparition. 
But I bequethe the servyce of my goost 
To you aboven every creature, 
8yn that my lyf ne may no lenger dure. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1910. 
Is not that a Giant before our Door? or a Ghost of some 
body slain in the late Battell ? Dryden, Amphitryon, ii. 1 . 
How many children, and how many men, are afraid of 
ghosts, who are not afraid of God ! Moxaulay, Dante. 
The Fetishism, Ancestor-worship, and Demonology of 
primitive savages, are all, I believe, different manners of 
expression of their belief in ghosts, and of the anthropo- 
morphic interpretation of out-of-the-way events, which is 
its concomitant Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 163. 
3. A spirit ; a demon. 
Was it his spirit, by spirits taught to write 
Above a mortal pitch, that struck me dead ? 
He, nor that affable familiar ghost 
Which nightly gulls him with intelligence, 
As victors, of my silence cannot boast. 
Shak., Sonnets, Ixxxvi. 
4. A spirit in general; an unearthly specter 
or apparition. 
" Hateful divorce of love," thus chides she Death 
" Grim-grinning ghost." Shak.,\etms and Adonis, 1. 933. 
5f. A dead body. [Rare.] 
See, how the blood is settled in his face I 
Oft have I seen a timely-parted ghost, 
Of ashy semblance, meagre, pale, and bloodless. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 
6. A mere shadow or semblance. 
When the kings were driven out from ancient Rome, 
there was still a king kept up in name to perform the 
grand ceremonial offices which no one but a person hav- 
ing the name of "king" or "Rex" could discharge. The 
" Rex sacrinculus " took precedence of all the other func- 
tionaries religious or secular. ... He was the ghost of 
the deceased Roman kingdom, just as the Pope is the 
ghost (not a shadow or manes) of the deceased Roman 
Empire. A. P. Stanley, Essays on Eccles. Subjects, p. 201. 
Nought followed but the ghost of dead delight. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 361. 
It was well understood that in Moscow the accused did 
not stand " aghostol achance." TheCentury, XXXVI. 87. 
7. In optics, a spot of light or secondary image 
caused by a defect of the instrument, generally 
by reflections from the lenses. 
ghostland 
The </liosts thus arising were first described by Quincke, 
and have been elaborately investigated by Peirce, both 
theoretically and experimentally. 
Lord Kayleigh, in Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 438. 
Specifically 8. In photog., a glint of light 
cast by the lens on the focusing-glass or on the 
plate during exposure, in the latter case pro- 
ducing a more or less defined opaque spot, it 
results usually from the presence of a too strongly illu- 
minated surface or object in or near the field of the lens. 
Also called flare. 
You will perceive one, two, three, etc., illuminated cir- 
cles move across the field of vision over the picture 
these are ghosts. Silver Sunbeam, p. 450. 
Dirck'8 ghost, an optical illusion produced for popular 
entertainments, by which a figure strongly illuminated but 
concealed from the audience is reflected in a large sheet of 
unsilvered plate-glass, so as to produce a spectral effect- 
Holy OhOBt [ME. holy gost, holie goat, halt gast, often 
as one word, holigost, etc.,< AS. htilig gdst, translating 
LL. spiritus sanctus], the Holy Spirit ; the Spirit of God ; 
the Paraclete ; the third person in the Trinity. 
God the fader, God the si me, God holigoste of Irathe. 
Piers Plowman (B), x. 239. 
Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them 
in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
Ghost. Mat. xxviii. 19. 
Holy-Ghost plant Same as dove-plant. Mass of the 
Holy Ghost. See masi. Order of the Holy Ghost, 
(a) (Often called by the French name Saint Esprit.) The 
leading order of the later French monarchy, founded by 
King Henry III. of France in 1578, replacing the Order 
of St. Michael. The king was the grand master, and there 
were 100 members, not including foreigners. The mem- 
bers were required to adhere to the Roman Catholic Church 
and to be of a high grade of nobility. The decoration was 
a gold cross attached to a blue ribbon, and the emblems 
were a dove and an image of St Michael. The order has 
been in abeyance since the revolution of 1830. (6) An or- 
der founded at Montpellier, France, about the end of the 
twelfth century, and united to the Order of St Lazarus by 
Pope Clement XIII. (c) A Neapolitan order. See Order 
of the Knot, under tnod. The ghost walks, the salary is 
paid. [ Actors' slang. ] To give < T yield up the ghost , 
to yield up the breath or spirit ; die ; expire. 
Man diet h, and wasteth away : yea, man gieeth up the 
ghost, and where is he? Job xiv. 10. 
Often did I strive 
To yield the ghost : but still the envious flood 
Stopt in my soul, and would not let it forth. 
Shale., Rich. III., I. 4. 
= 8yn. Ghost, Shade, Apparition. Specter, Phantom, 
Phantasm. Ghost is the only word for the disembodied 
spirit, especially as appearing to man : as, the ghost of 
Hamlet's father ; the ghost of Bauquo. Html'' is a soft and 
poetic word for ghost : as, the shade of Cretisa appeared to 
Knras. An apparition is a ghost as appearing to sight, 
perhaps suddenly or unexpectedly ; it may also be a fan- 
cied appearance, while a ghost is supposed to be real : as, 
Jupiter made a cloud into an apparitionol Juno; Macbeth 
saw an apparition of a dagger ; the witches showed him 
an apparition of a crowned child. A specter is an alarm- 
ing or horrifying preternatural personal appearance, hav- 
ing less individuality, perhaps, than a ghost or shade, but 
more than an apparition necessarily has. A phantom has 
an apparent, not a real, existence ; it differs from a phan- 
tasm in emphasizing the unreality simply and in repre- 
senting a single object, while phantasm emphasizes the 
deception put upon the mind, and may include more than 
one object. 
Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round, . . . 
And grisly spectres, which the fiend had raised 
To tempt the Son of God with terrours dire. 
Milton, P. R., iv. 422. 
Nor e'er was to the bowers of bliss conveyed 
A fairer spirit or more welcome shade. 
TMeU, Death of Addison, 1. 45. 
When Godfrey was lifting his eyes . . . they encoun- 
tered an object as startling to him at that moment as if 
it had been an apparition from the dead. 
George Eliot, Silas Marner, xii. 
These faces in the mirrors 
Are but the shadows and phantoms of myself. 
Longfellow, Masque of Pandora, vii. 
Between the acting of a dreadful thing 
And the first motion, all the interim is 
Like a phantasma, or a hideous dream. 
Shak., J. C., U. 1. 
ghostt (gost), f. [< ghost, i!.] I. trans. To 
appear to in the form of a ghost ; haunt as a 
spirit or specter. 
Julius Caesar, 
Who at Philippi the good Brutus ghosted. 
Shak., A. and C., ii. 6. 
What madnesse ghosts this old man but what madness 
ghosts us all ? Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 32. 
U. intrans. To give up the ghost ; die ; expire. 
Euryalus, taking leave of Lucretia, precipitated her into 
such a love-fit that within a few hours she ghosted. 
Sir P. Sidney. 
ghostess (gos'tes), n. [< ghost + -.] A fe- 
male ghost. [Humorous.] 
In the mean time that she, 
The said Ghostess, or Ghost, as the matter may be, 
From Impediment, hindrance, and let shall be free 
To sleep in her grave. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 233. 
ghost-fish (gost'fish), n. A whitish variety of 
Cryptacanthodes maculates. See wrymouth. 
ghostland (gost'land), n. The region of spirits 
or of the supernatural. 
Get out of ghostland. Academy, April 7, 1868, p, 236. 
