glaciere 
glaciere (glas-i-ar'), . [F., < glace, ice; cf. 
glacier.] A cave, fissure, or depression of some 
kind in which ice remains permanently, al- 
though in quantity varying with the year and 
the season : sometimes called, in New England, 
an ice-cave or ice-glen. 
Certain exceptional cases occur where, owing to the sill), 
sidem'e of the c,,ld wint,-r air into caverns (glaaeres) ice 
I. formed which is not wholly melted even though the 
summer temperature of the caves may be bowtreedng- 
e'iacieret (gla'shier-et or glas'i-er-et), n. [< 
nhwicr + -et.] A small sheet of ice or nev6, 
iving under the snow-fields at the summits ot 
the highest points in the Cordilleras, and ex- 
posed to view when after a series of excep- 
tionally dry years the snow has nearly or quil 
melted away: a name given by J. Le Conte. 
The glacierets are considered by some to be properly de. 
nominated glacier,, and by othen to be something quite 
different from true glaciers. 
glacier-snow (gla'shier-sno), n._ Same as neii. 
glacio-aqueous (gla"shi6-a'kwe-us), a. [< L. 
flt ice, + aqua, water.] Pertaining to the 
combined action of ice and water. 
glaciological (gla'shi-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< glaci- 
ology + -ic-al.] Pertaining to glaciology. 
glaciologist (gla-shi-ol'o-jist), n. [< glaciology 
+ -ist.] Same as glacialist. 
It will, I hope, meet with the approval of your 'veteran 
Dawson, in Pop. Scl. Mo., XXX. 184. 
2525 
gacow. , . . 
glaciology (gla-shi-ol'o-ji), n. [< L. glades, ice 
g (with rlf. to glacier), + Gr. -toyta , < Uyav, 
speak: see -ology.~\ The science of the forma- 
tion and action of glaciers. 
glacionatant (gla-shio-na'tant), a. [< L,. gla- 
eies, ice, + natan(t-)s, swimming: see natant.) 
Belonging to or affected by floating ice, as dis- 
tinguished from ice moving on land. 
The latter [attenuated edges, border of the drift] are 
thought to represent, one a glacial and the other a .facio- 
natant action. Science, \ 111. 157. 
glacioust (gla'shi-us), a. [< OF. glaciewc, < L. 
glades, ice.] Like ice ; icy. 
Which [mineral solutions] will crystallize . into white 
and glacious bodies. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err. , ii. 1. 
glacis (gla'sis, or, as F., gla-se'), n. [= D. G. 
Dan., etc., glacis, < F. glads, formerly also glas- 
sis, a slippery place, a sloping bank or cause- 
way, a strong pent-house upon the walls or the 
rampart of a fortress, < OF. glads, icy, slip- 
pery, glacer, formerly also glasser, < L. glactare, 
freeze, harden: see glaciate.] A gentle slope 
or sloping bank, (a) In fort., a sloping bank so raised 
as to bring the enemy advancing over it into the most di- 
rect line of tire from the fort; that mass of earth which 
serves as a parapet to the covered way having an easy slope 
or declivity toward the champaign or field. 
" Stand firm, and be ready, my gallant 60ths ! " sud- 
denly exclaimed a voice above them, " wait to see the 
enemv ; fire low, and sweep the glacis." 
J. F Cooper, Last of Mohicans, xiv. 
Then there is a flue broad glacis with a deep ditch, revet- 
ted on scarp and counterscarp drawbridges, portcullis, 
all the material appearances of a great fortress are here. 
W. H. Russell, Diary In India, I. 150. 
(b) An easy slope, like that of the shingle piled on the 
shore by the action of the tides and waves, less steep than 
a talus. Imp. Diet. 
glacure (F. pron. gla-siir'), [F., < glacer, 
freeze, glaze : see glaciate.] A thin coating of 
glass used for glazing fine earthenware, such 
as artistic terra-cottas. Compare glaze. 
elad (elad), a.; compar. gladder, superl. glad- 
dest. [< ME. glad, gled, < AS. glced, shining, 
bright, cheerful, glad, = OS. glad (in comp.), 
glad. = OFries. gled, smooth, = OD. glad, 
glowing, D. glad, bright, smooth, sleek, = 
OHG. MHG. glat, bright, smooth, G. glatt, 
smooth, even, polished, plain, bare, slippery, 
= Icel. gladhr, bright, glad, = Sw. Dan. glad, 
glad (cf. Sw. glatt, Dan. glat, smooth, < G.); 
akin to L. glaber, smooth, without hair (L. 6 = 
E. d, as in L. barba = E. beard), = OBulg. gla- 
diikii = Buss, gladkie, smooth, even, polished 
(OBulg. gladiti = Serv. gladiti = Russ. gladite, 
etc., make smooth), = Lith. glodas, smooth. 
The orig. sense 'smooth' is not recorded in AS., 
and is rare (and perhaps imported) in ME. 
Hence glade*.] If. Smooth; level; open. Com- 
pare glade*. 
In places glade [plural] and lene, in places drie, 
The medes [meads, meadows] clensed tyme is now to make. 
PaUadim, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 44. 
2 Acting smoothly or freely; moving easily: 
as, a glad door or bolt, [Prov. Eng.] 3f. In 
good condition ; thriving. 
The weedes with an hamle must uppe be wronge, 
And thai that thynnest standeth buth <ilad<lext. 
Palladia, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 50. 
4. Shining; bright; cheerful; wearing the ap- 
pearance of joy : as, a glad countenance. 
He bc-heilde her with n i/iuum-. ^" - .. 
(ll,i,l evening and glad morn crown'd the fourth day. 
)liHi>ti, P. L., vn. -iso. 
'Twas in the glad season of spring. 
Collier, Morning Dream. 
5. Feeling joy, pleasure, or satisfaction, espe- 
cially with reference to some particular event ; 
pleased; gratified; well contented; joyful: rare- 
ly used attributively in this sense, but usually 
in the predicate, where it is used absolutely or 
followed by of or at, or by an infinitive with 
to : as, to be glad of an opportunity to oblige a 
friend. 
Whan that comli quen tho tidinges herde, 
A qladdere woinnian in world was ther non a-liiie. 
William of Paler lie (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4943. 
He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished.^ 
The fathers [of the church] were glad to be heard, glad 
to be liked, and glad to be understood too.^ g(jrmon9 ( . 
For life and love that has been, I am glad. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 16, . 
6. Causing joy or pleasure; giving satisfaction; 
pleasing. 
Her conversation 
More glad to me than to a miser money is. 
He went throughout every city and village, preaching 
and shewing the glad tidings of the kingdom ^"J^:.. j 
= Svn 5 Joyous, delighted, animated, exhilarated. 6. 
Gladsome, cheering, exhilarating, animating. See glad- 
giadt, n. [< ME. glad, < AS. glted, n. (= Icel. 
gledhi, f., = Dan. glaide), gladness, < glaid, glad : 
see glad, a.] Gladness. 
When he was come and knewe that it was she, 
(for very glad he wist not what to saye. 
Gemrydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1255. 
glad (glad), v. ; pret. and pp. gladded, ppr. glad- 
ding. [< ME. gladen, gladden, gladien, gledten, 
< AS. gladian, tr. make glad, intr. be glad (= 
Icel. gledhja = Sw. gladja = Dan. glade, make 
glad), < glaid, glad: see glad, a.] I. trans. To 
make glad; gladden. [Now only poetical.] 
Whanne themperour hade herd how [that] hit ferde, 
He was gretteli aladed, and oft Crist thonked. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4872. 
The king is sad, and must be gladded straight. 
Greene and Lodge, Looking Glass for Lond. and Eng. 
Thouthoughtest . . . that all the Tartar host would praise 
Thy courage or thy craft, and spread thy fame, 
To glad thy father in his weak old age. 
11. Arnold, Sohrab and Rustuni. 
Il.t intrant. To be glad ; rejoice. 
Gladeth, ye fowles, on the morowe gray. 
Chaucer, Complaint of Mars, 1. 1. 
Thow gladdyst, thou wepist, I sitt the bygh. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 15/. 
Absence shall not take thee from mine eyes, nor afflic- 
tions shall bar me from gladding In thy good. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, in. 
gladdeni (glad'n), r. [< glad + -en\ (3). Cf. 
glad, v.] I. trans. To make glad or joyful; 
cheer; please. 
Thence to the south extend thy gladden'd eyes ; 
There rival flames with equal glory rise. 
Pope, Dunciad, iii. 79. 
It is impossible to resist the gladdening influence of fine 
weather and fair wind at sea. Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 22. 
[See glade 1 .'] A glade. 
[Also written gladdon, 
Syn. To comfort, gratify, delight, rejoice, animate, en- 
liven. 
II. intrans. To become glad ; rejoice. 
So shall your country ever gladden at the sound of your 
voice. Adams - 
gladden 2 (glad'n), . 
[North. Eng.] 
gladden 3 (glad'n), n. L ___-_-_- 
nladen, gladwyn, gladwin (and gladder, glader) ; 
'< ME. gladene, gladine, gladone, gtadon, < AS. 
qlfedene, a plant, Iris Pseudaconis, glossed by 
L. gladiolus, of which the AS. name is an ac- 
commodated form, < L. gladiolus, sword-lily 
(so called in reference to the sword-like leaves), 
lit. a little sword: see gladiolus.'] A plant of 
the iris family, especially Iris foetidissima. See 
gladdest (glad'er)'. [< ME. glader, < gladien, 
make glad.] One who makes glad or gives joy. 
O lady myn, Venus, . . . 
Thou nladere of the mount of Citheroun. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1365. 
gladder 2 ! (glad'er), . Same as gladden^. 
gladder 3 (glad'er), a. Comparative of glad. 
gladdont (glad'on), . See gladden^. 
glade 1 (glad), ". [Not found in ME. or AS., 
but < ME. glad (pi. glade) (rare), smooth, usu- 
ally bright, joyful, < AS. gla;d. shining, bright, 
= Icel. gladhr, shining, bright, = D. glad, bright, 
smooth, etc. : see glad. Cf . Sw. dial, glad-yp. 
gladiator 
pen, completely open, said of a lake from which 
the ice has all melted away; gltt, adv. (for 
"fjladt, neut. a.), completely, glatt oppeu, com- 
pletely open. The orig. sense is a 'smooth, 
bare' place or perhaps a 'bright, light, clear' 
place, as in a wood ; cf. E. lea, a meadow, = L. 
Incus, a grove, glade, lit. a 'light' space, from 
tho root of light; W. golcnftclcli, a glade, < go- 
leu, light, clear, bright, + bwlcli, a gap, notch, 
defile. Cf. everglade.] 1. An open space ui a 
wood or forest, either natural or artificially 
made; especially, such an opening used as a 
place for catching game ; an opening or pas- 
sage through a wood. 
Farre in the forrest, by a hollow glade 
Covered with mossie shrubs, which spreddmg brode 
Did underneath them make a gloomy shaole. 
Spenser, F. Q., V I. iv. 13. 
We in England are wont to make great glades through 
the woods, and hang nets across them ; and so the wood- 
cocks shooting through the glades, as their nature is, strike 
against the nets, and are entangled in them. 
Willoughby, Ormthologia, I. 3. 
There, interspersed in lawns and op'ning glades, 
Thin trees arise that shun each other s shades. 
Pope, Windsor Forest, 1. 21. 
2 An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or 
a place left unfrozen; also, a space of smooth 
ice or an ice-covered surface: as, the path was 
a glade of ice. [New Eng.] 3. An ever- 
glade. [U. S.] -To go to gladet, to set, as the sun. 
Dairies. 
Likening her Majestic to the Sunne for his brightnesses, 
but not to him for his passion, which is ordinarily to go to 
glade, and sometime to suffer eclypse. 
Puttenkam, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 116. 
Phoebus now goes to glade ; then now goe wee 
Vnto our sheddes to rest vs till he rise. 
Daviei, Eclogue, 1. 255. 
glade 2 (glad), n. [Local E. ; a diff . application 
of glede, a kite.] The common buzzard, Buteo 
vulgaris. 
eladent, n. See gladden?. 
glade-net (glad'net), . A kind of net much 
used in England and some parts of the conti- 
nent of Europe for the capture of birds, espe- 
cially woodcocks, in the glades of forests. 
eladert. Same as gladden*. 
glad-eve (glad' I), n. The yellowhainmer. 
tEncr 1 
adfillt (glad'ful), a. [< ME. gledful (= ODan. 
-gladefuld) ; < glad, .,+ -/u/.] Full of gladness. 
Moniments 
Of his successe and gladfull victory. 
Spenser, F. Q., III. in. 69. 
gladfulnesst (glad'fiil-nes), n. The state or 
quality of being glad or joyful ; joy; gladness. 
In the warme Sunne he doth himselfe embay, 
And there him rests in riotous suffisannce 
Of all his gladfulnes, and kingly joyaunce. 
Spenser, Muiopotmos, 1. 209. 
gladiate (glad'i-at), a. [< NL. gladiatus, sword- 
shaped, < L. gtadiiis, a sword: see glave.} 
Sword-shaped; having the form of a sword, 
either straight or curved, as the legume of a 
a' t; ensiform. 
ator (glad'i-a-tor), n. [= F. pfedtefew = 
"Sp. gladiator = Pg. gladiador = It. gladwtore 
= D. G. Dan. Sw. gladiator, < L. gladiator, < 
gladius, a sword (there is no verb "gladiare) : 
see glave.] 1. In Bom. antiq., one who fought 
BCC (/((tt/C.J A. " -"'" " v o - 
in public for the entertainment of the people, 
either with other gladiators or with wild ani- 
mals. Gladiators were at first prisoners, slaves, or con- 
demned criminals ; but afterward freemen fought in the 
arena, either for hire or from choice. Under the empire, 
knights, senators, and even women exhibited themselves 
in this way. Gladiators were first exhibited only on the 
occasion of public funerals, but afterward at entertain- 
ments of various kinds, and especially at public festivals 
uiven by the ediles and other magistrates. They usually 
fought in the amphitheater, sometimes in the forum, some- 
times at the funeral pyre. They were kept and trained in 
special establishments or schools, sometimes by persons 
w-ho let them out for hire, sometimes by citizens who 
wished to exhibit them themselves. Gladiators were di- 
vided into different classes, according to their arms or mode 
of fighting. Thus, retiarii were such as carried a kind of 
trident and a net (rete), in which they endeavored to en- 
tangle their opponents, usually sectitoret (pursuers), who 
were lightly armed ; Thraces were those armed with th 
round shield or buckler of the Thracians and a short sword 
or dagger the mirmilloiies had an oblong shield curved 
to suit the shape of the l>ody, and fought with either the 
Thraces or the retiarii. There were also those who long 
blindfolded, their helmets being without eye-holes (anda- 
1>ataf>, in troops (eatM-nrg), in chariots (essedam), on none. 
back(OTi') etc. In case the vancpnshed was not killed in 
the combat, the people were usually allowed to decide his 
fate If they decreed his death, they extended their hands 
with the thumb bent and concealed ( prema) by the clench- 
ed fingers ; if they voted to spare him, they held out their 
hands with the thumb extended outward (rerto). These 
precise gestures are still a subject of controversy, but the 
texts appear to support the version here given. Accord- 
