Glyceria 
GUyceria (gli-se'ri-a), n, [NL., < Gr. y^wpae, 
sweet, an extension of yAvnvf, sweet.] A genus 
of grasses, closely allied to Poa and Festucu. 
There are about 30 species, widely distributed through 
temperate regions, mostly in wet or swampy ground, and 
of little agricultural importance. The manna-gran, 6. 
fiuitum, grows in shallow water, its leaves often floating ; 
its seeds are sometimes collected in Germany and used 
as an article of food under the name of manna-croup, 
furnishing a light nutritious aliment for invalids. The 
rattlesnake-grass or tall quaking-grass, O. Canadeiisis, 
and the tall or reed meadow-grass, G. anmtlinacea, are tall 
and stout species of the United States. 
glyceric (glis'c-rik), a. [< glycer-in + -ic.] De- 
rived from glycerin Glyceric acid, C 3 H 6 4 , an 
acid obtained by the cautious oxidation of glycerol. It 
is a monobasic acid, not crystallizable, but yields crystal- 
lizable salts. 
glycerid (glis'e-rid), . A worm of the family 
Glycerida. 
Glyceridae (gli-ser'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Glycera 
+ -ida:.] A family of errant cheatopodous an- 
nelids, of the order Potychceta. They have a slender 
body composed of many ringed segments ; the conical 
prestomium with two basal palps and four terminal ten- 
tacles ; a protrusile proboscis with four teeth ; and no 
special vascular system, the red hemal fluid being con- 
tained in the somatic cavity and branchial sacs. 
glyceride (glis'e-rid or -rid), re. [< glycer-in + 
-idc 1 .] In ahem., a compound ether of the tri- 
atomic alcohol glycerol or glycerin. Some of the 
glycerides exist ready formed, as natural fats, in the bodies 
of plants and animals, and many more may be produced 
artificially by the action of acid upon glycerol. 
glycerin, glycerine (glis'e-rin), . [< Gr. yhv- 
Kspof, sweet, + -in 2 , -ine%.] A transparent, color- 
less, hygroscopic liquid (C3H 5 (OH) 3 ), with a 
sweet taste and syrupy consistence, it occurs 
in natural fats combined with fatty acids, and is obtained 
from them by saponiflcation with alkalis or by the action 
of superheated steam. It is a triatomic alcohol, and dis- 
solves the alkalis, alkaline earths, and some metallic 
oxids, forming compounds analogous to the alcoholates. It 
is used in medicine as an emollient and protective dress- 
ing, with which, from its consistence and solvent proper- 
ties, many substances can be incorporated ; it absorbs wa- 
tery discharges, and has some astringent action. The name 
is also applied to mixtures of glycerin with various sub- 
stances, whether involving solution or not : as, glycerin of 
gallic acid ; glycerin of starch. It is used in the arts for 
a great variety of purposes: for example, in soaps and 
cosmetics, for preserving animal and vegetable sub- 
stances, in paper-making, and in the manufacture of ni- 
troglycerin and dynamite. Also called glycerol, glycerole, 
glycerina, and glycerinum. Glycerin butyrate. See 
Imtyrate. Glycerin cement, see cement. 
glycerite (glis'e-rlt), . [< glycer-in + -ite%.] 
The general name of a class of preparations 
consisting of a medicinal substance dissolved 
or suspended in glycerol. Also glycerate, gly- 
cerol, glycerole. 
glycerize (glis'e-riz), v. t. ; pret.-and pp. glycer- 
ized, ppr. glycerizing. [< glycer-in + -4ze.] To 
mix or treat 'with glycerin. 
Pasteur's vials containing glycerized broth. 
Medical Newe, LIII. 21. 
An improper form of glycyr- 
glycerizin, . 
rnizin. 
glycerol, glycerole (glis'e-rol, -rol), n. [< 
glycer-in + -ol, -ole.] 1. Same as glycerin. 
'Glycerin is the common form, but the termination -of is 
preferable, denoting an alcohol, while -in is reserved for 
glycerides, glucosides, and proteids. 
2. Same as glycerite. 
glycerule (glis'e-rol), re. [< glycer-in + -ule.] 
Same as glyceryl. 
glyceryl (giis'e-ril), n. [< glycer-in + -yl.] The 
hypothetical triatomic radical of glycerol and 
the glycerides. Also called, more suitably, 
nropetiyl. 
Glycimeridae, Glycimeris. See Glycymerida;, 
Glycymeris. 
glycin (gli'sin), n. [< Gr. yAtwi'f, sweet, + -t 2 .] 
Same as glyeocoll. 
glycocholate (gli'ko-kol-at), re. [< glycochol-ic 
+ -ate 1 .'] A salt formed by the union of gly- 
eocholic acid with a base. 
glycocholic (gli-ko-kol'ik), a. [< Gr. yXwcwf, 
sweet, + x?''l> g a ll ; see cholic 1 , bile%.] Derived 
from gall : used' only in the following phrase. 
Glycocholic acid, C 2 BH4sNO 6 , the principal acid in ox- 
gall, occurring in combination with alkalis. It is a mono- 
basic acid, forming crystalline needles soluble in water. 
glycocin (gli'ko-sin), n. Same as glyeocoll. 
glyeocoll (gli'k'o-kol), re. [< Gr. y^wcif, sweet, 
+ KO/MI, glue.] Amido-acetic acid (Cr^.NHg. 
COOH), a substance having weak acid and also 
basic properties, formed when gelatin or vari- 
ous other animal substances are boiled with 
acids or alkalis. It is a crystalline solid hav- 
ing a sweetish taste. Also called glycin, gbj- 
cocin, and gelatin sugar. 
glycogen (gli'ko-jen), n. [< Gr. y/lwci>f, sweet, 
-t--yevfo, producing: see -gen.'] 1. A substance, 
CgHj O5, belonging to the carbohydrates. When 
pure it is a white, amorphous, tasteless powder, insoluble 
161 
2551 
in alcohol, soluble in water, and converted by boiling with 
acids into dextrose. Diastase converts it into dextrine, 
maltose, and dextrose. Iodine gives it a reddish-brown 
color. Glycogen is found in many animal tissues, both of 
vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in certain fungi. 
It is especially abundant in the liver. It is largely if not 
wholly derived from the carbohydrates of the food, and ap- 
pears to be a reservaraaterial deposited in the liver, which 
is converted as required into sugar and so enters the cir- 
culation. Also called animal starch. 
2. In mycol., same as epiplasm. 
glycogenesis (gli-ko-jen'e-sis), re. [< Gr. y^v- 
roc, sweet, + yheoif, generation.] In pathol., 
the formation of glucose. 
glycogenetic (gli-ko-je-net'ik), a. Pertaining 
to glycogenesis. 
glycogenic (gli-ko-jen'ik), a. [< glycogen + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to glycogen: as, the glycogenic 
function of the liver. 
glycogen-mass (gli'ko-jen-mas), n. Same as 
epiplasm. 
glycogenous (gti-koj'e-nus), a. [< glycogen + 
-ous.\ Same as glycogenic. 
Similar glycogenous cells are met with in the walls of 
the lacunar spaces and on the "mesenteries" of the Snail. 
Huxley and Martin, Elementary Biology, p. 311, note. 
glycohemia, glycohsemia (gli-ko-he'mi-a), n. 
Same as glucohemia. 
glycol (gli'kol), n. [< glyc(erin) + (alcoh)ol.] 
The general name of a class of compounds 
intermediate in their properties and chemical 
relations between alcohol and glycerol, or the 
bodies of which these are the types. An alcohol 
contains but one hydroxyl group, OH, as C2H5OH, or ethyl 
alcohol ; a glycol contains two hydroxyl groups united 
to different carbon atoms, as C 2 H4(OH>2, ethyl glycol ; a 
glycerol contains three hydroxyl groups united to three 
carbon atoms, as C 3 H5(OH) 3 . Ethyl glycol is a liquid, ino- 
dorous, of a sweetish taste, and miscible with water and 
alcohol. 
glycolic (gli-kol'ik), a. [< glycol + -ic.] Per- 
taining to or derived from glycol. 
Glyconian (gli-ko'ni-an), a. Same as Glyconic. 
Glyconic (gli-kou'ik)J'a. and n. [< LL. Glyco- 
nius, < Gr. T%VK&VCU>, < TMitov, L. Glycon, the 
inventor of this meter.] I.e. 1. Of or pertain- 
ing to Glycon, an ancient Greek poet of uncer- 
tain date : with reference to a kind of verse or 
meter said to have been invented by him. 2. 
Pertaining to a particular verse or meter, con- 
sisting of four feet, one of which is a dactyl, 
the others being trochees; composed or con- 
sisting of such verses: as, a Glyconic system. 
See II. 
II. n. [i.e.] In anc. pros., a meter consisting 
in a series similar to a trochaic tetrapody cata- 
lectic (* ~ | * - | - | -), but differing from 
it by the substitution of a dactyl for the second 
trochee ; by an extension of meaning, any lo- 
gaoedic tetrapody, catalectic or acatalectic, in 
which three of the feet are trochees and one is 
a dactyl. A glyconic is called by recent metricians a 
first, second, or third glyconic, according as the dactyl is 
in the first, second, or third place. Glyconics seem to 
have been first used by Alcman (about 660 B. c.), and are 
frequent in Alcseus and Sappho. Nothing certain is known 
of the poet Glycon from whom this meter takes its name. 
glyconin (gli'ko-nin), n. [< glyc(erin) + -on- 
'.] In phar., an emulsion of glycerol and yolk 
of egg. 
glycose, glycoside, etc. See glucose, etc. 
glycymerid (gli-sim'e-rid), n. A member of 
the Glycymerida;. 
Glycymeridse (glis-i-mer'i-de), n. pi. [NL. (De- 
shayes, 1839), < Glycymeris + -idee.'] A family 
of siphonate bivalve mollusks, consisting of the 
genera Glycymeris, Panoptea, and Pholadomya : 
same as Saxicavida. Also Glycimerida, Glyci- 
merides. 
Glycymeris (gli-sim'e-ris), re. [NL. (Lamarck, 
1801, after Belloni, 1553), also GUcimeris (Klein, 
1753), Glycimeris, Glycimera; < Gr. yhvKvf, sweet, 
+ /tepif, a part, a portion of food, morsel, < 
pepos, a part, < iieipeadai, part, divide.] A ge- 
nus of bivalve mollusks, used in various ap- 
plications by 
different au- 
thors, now 
giving name 
to the Glycy- 
merida, and 
referred to 
the family e&w"* *. 
Saxicavida. O. sUigua, a boreal clam, is the best-known 
species; the animal is larger than the shell, which is cov- 
ered with a thick shining black epidermis, and roughened 
within with calcareous deposits. 
Glycyrrhiza (glis-i-ri'za), re. [NL,, < Gr. yXtv 
Kvppifa, a plant with a sweet root, licorice, < y^u- 
Kof, sweet, + p('f a , root. The E. name licorice, 
also spelled liquorice, and ME. gliciride, are ult. 
from the same source.] A genus of leguminous 
Glyphisodia 
perennial herbs, nearly allied to Astragalus, and 
including a dozen species, which are widely dis- 
tributed through temperate regions. G. ylabra, 
a native of the Mediterranean region and eastward to Chi- 
Glycyrrhiza glabra. 
na, yields the licorice-root of commerce, and is cultivated 
in various parts of Europe. The root has a sweet taste 
and demulcent, laxative properties. One species, G. lepi- 
dota, is found in the United States. 
glycyrrhizin (glis-i-ri'ziu), n. [< Glycyrrhisa 
+ -irft.1 A peculiar saccharine matter (C 2 4 
H^gOg) obtained from the root of Glycyrrhiza 
glaura. 
glyn, glynn (glin), n. [W. glyn, IT. Gael, gleann 
(gen. glinne), a glen, a narrow valley: see glen.] 
An element in some Celtic place-names, mean- 
ing 'glen': as, Glyn-crwg, Glyn-taf, in Wales; 
Glynn in Antrim, Ireland. 
glyoxal (gll-ok'sal), n. [< Gr. y'Av(Kv(), sweet, 
+ E. oxal-ic.] A white, amorphous, deliques- 
cent solid (CHO.CHO), soluble in water and al- 
cohol. It is an aldehyde of oxalic acid. 
glyoxalic (gli-ok-sal'ik), a. [< glyoxal + -ic.] 
Pertaining to or derived from glyoxal. 
glyph (glif); n - [< Gfr- y'h- v l'i carving, carved 
work, < y'AvQetv, cut in, carve, engrave.] In 
sculp, and arch., a groove or channel, usually 
vertical, intended as an ornament. See tri- 
glyph. 
glyphic (glif'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. yAt>0o?, of 
or for carving (<J yhv(j>iK%, the art of carving), < 
y'fatyi), carving: see glyph. ~\ I. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to a glyph or glyphs ; pertaining to carving 
or sculpture. 
II. n. A picture or figure by which a word is 
implied; a hieroglyphic. 
Glyphideae (gli-fid'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. f*v- 
<t>if, pi. yZixpiSef, the notched end of an arrow, < 
yhixpeev, cut in, carve: see glyph.] A family of 
gymnocarpous lichens, containing one British 
genus, Chiodecton. 
Glyphidodon (gli-fid'o-don), re. [NL., < Gr. 
yX0i'f, the notched end of an arrow (see Gly- 
phidete), + odot'f (ooovr-) = E. tooth.] A genus 
of fishes, typical of the family Glyphidodontidce. 
Also Glyphisodon. 
Glyphidodontes(gli-fid-o-don'tez),re.pZ. [NL., 
pi. of Glyphidodon.'] A group of fishes : a name 
substituted for Glyphisodia, and an inexact syn- 
onym of Pomacentrida;. S. H. Scudder. 
Glyphidodontidae (gli-fid-o-don'ti-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Glyphidodon(t-) + -idte.] A family of 
acanthopterygian fishes, typified by the genus 
Glyphidodon or Glyphisodon : same as Pomacen- 
tridce. 
Glyphipterygidse (gli-fip-te-rij 'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Glyphipteryx (-yg-) + -idee.'] A family 
of tineid moths, taking name from the genus 
Glyphipteryx. The head is globular, with smooth, 
moderately f'rched front ; there are no ocelli ; the palpi 
are hair-like and moderately long ; the proboscis is rolled ; 
and the fore wings have the hind border oblique. The 
lame are leaf-miners, or live in the seeds of grasses. 
Glyphipteryx (gli-fip'te-riks), n. [NL. (Hub- 
ner, 1816), < Gr. yfaQic,, the notched end of an 
arrow (see Glypltidece), + Krepv!-, wing.] A ge- 
nus of tineids, typical of the family Glyphip- 
terygida-, having the palpi laterally flattened. 
The larvae eat the seed-heads of grasses. Sev- 
eral European and three North American spe- 
cies are described. 
Glyphisodia (glif-i-so'di-a), H. pi. [NL., an 
erroneous formation, now displaced by the cor- 
rect recent form Glyphidodontes, q. v.] A group 
