Glyphisodia 
of fishes: same as Glyphidodontes. C. S. Eafi- 
nesque : 1815. 
Glyphisodon (gli-fis'o-dpn), n. [NL., an erro- 
neous formation, now displaced by the correct 
recent form GlypTiidodon.] Same as Glyphido- 
don. Lacepede, 1802. 
glyphqceratid (glif-o-ser'a-tid), . A cephalo- 
pod of the family Gli/phoceratida;. 
Glyphoceratidse (giif"o-se-rat'i-de). n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. y/U'^Eii', carve, + nipaf (nepar-), horn, 
+ -idee.] A family of Goniatitinte. "They have 
depressed whorls, semilunar in cross-section ; the sutures 
with divided ventral lobes in the higher forms, but not in 
the lower ; the first pair of lateral lobes pointed, and the 
large . . . saddles entire in some species and divided in 
others." Proc. Bout. Soc. Nat. lliet., 1888, p. 322. Also 
Glyphioceratidoe. 
Glyphodes (glif 'o-dez), . [NL. (Guenee, 1854). 
< Gr. y/>.u07, carving (engraving): see glyph.} 
A genus of pyralid moths, of the family Mar- 
garodidce, composed of four beautiful East In- 
dian species of striking coloration. 
glyphograph (glif 'o-graf ), n. [< Gr. yhv <$, carv- 
ing (engraving), 4- ypdijieiv, write.] A plate 
formed by glyphography, or an impression 
taken from such a plate. 
glyphograph (glif 'o-graf ), v. t. [< glyphograph, 
n.] To form plates by glyphography. 
glyphographer (gli-fog'ra-fer), n. One versed 
in, or one who practises, glyphography. 
glyphographic (glif -o-graf 'ik), a. [< glyphogra- 
phy + -ic.J Of or pertaining to glyphography. 
glyphography (gli-fog'ra-fi), n. [As glypho- 
graph T -y. ] A kind of electrotypy by means of 
which plates engraved in relief are made, from 
which impressions can be taken. A copper plate is 
covered with a ground such as is employed in ordinary 
etching, but of considerable thickness, and this ground is 
cut away by etching- or engraving-tools so as to expose 
the metal plate. From this the electro cast is made, the 
recesses or incisions in the ground constituting the raised 
ridges which form the design of the glyphograph. 
G-lypta (glip'ta), n. [NL. (Gravenhorst, 1829), 
< Gr. 7/liOTr<5f, carved: see glyptic.] An impor- 
tant genus of hymenopterous parasites, of the 
family Ichneumonidas and subfamily Pimplituv, 
of small size, usually infesting microlepidopter- 
ous larvee. There are about 40 European and 
30 North American species. 
glyptic (glip'tik), a. [< MGr. j Avirrococ ,, < Gr. 
yAvKTOf, fit for carving, carved (neut. yMmr&v, 
a carved image), verbal adj. of y'Av^eiv, carve : 
see glyph.] 1. Pertaining to carving or engrav- 
ing: as, the glyptic art. See glyptics. 
It will be convenient after noticing sculpture in marble 
to take next in order Bronzes and Terracottas ; we thus 
pass by a natural transition from Glyptic to Plastic Art. 
C. T. Newton, Art and Archwol. , p. 50. 
2. In mineral., figured. 
glyptics (glip'tiks), n. [PI. of glyptic: see -ics.] 
The art of carving or engraving. The word is ap- 
plied especially to engraving on gems or hard stones, now 
performed with diamond -powder and diamond-pointed in- 
struments ; also to the cutting of designs upon such ani- 
mal substances as shells, coral, and ivory, and such vege- 
table products as box, ebony, and other hard woods. 
glyptodipterine (glip-to-dip'te-rin), a. and n. 
I. . Pertaining to the Glyptodipterini. 
II. n. One of the Glyptodipterini. 
Glyptodipterini (glip-to-dip-te-ri'ni), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. yMm-Toi;, carved, + oivrepof, having 
two wings : see dipterous.] In Huxley's sys- 
tem of classification, a group of Devonian ga- 
noid fishes, of the suborder Crossopterygidi. Its 
technical characters are : two dorsal fins placed far back 
opposite the two ventrals, acutely lobate pectorals, and 
dondrodont dentition. It is divided into those with rhom- 
boid and those with cycloid scales, respectively represented 
by such genera as Glyptol&ma and Holoptychius. 
Glyptodon (glip'to-don), . [NL. (so named 
from its fluted teeth). < Gr. yAimrof, carved, 
+ bdoiif (bSovr-) = E. tooth.] 1. The typical 
and best-known genus of the family Glypto- 
dontidce; the 
long-tailed 
fossil arma- 
dillos or glyp- 
todons, with 
5 toes on the 
hind feet and 
4 on the fore, 
the fifth digit Glyptodon (Glyptadm clmiifts). 
of which is 
wanting. Species are G. clavipes and G. reti- 
culatus, from the Pleistocene of South Amer- 
ica. 2. [I. c.] An animal of the family Glyp- 
todontidw or Hoplophoridai ; one of the gigantic 
fossil armadillos of South America. They are all 
distinguished from the living armadillos riot only by their 
superior size, but by having the carapace composed of a 
single solid piece without movable segments, and also by 
possessing a ventral shield or plastron. The superficial 
2552 
resemblance to tortoises is striking ; the feet are like those 
of some turtles, and, as in chelonians, the head could be 
withdrawn into the shell, though the rest of the vertebral 
column is a solid tube. The genera are several and the 
species rather numerous. 
glyptodont (glip'to-dont), a. and n. [< NL. 
glyptodon(t-).] I. a. Having fluted teeth ; spe- 
cifically, of or pertaining to tfie Glyptodontidee. 
II. . A glyptodon. 
Also ylyptodontine. 
glyptodontid (glip-to-don'tid), n. One of the 
Glyptodontidce. 
Glyptodontidffi (glip-to-don'ti-de), n.pl. [NL., 
< Glyptodon(t-) + -idee.] A family of extinct 
armadillos of South America, represented by 
the genus Glyptodon. It formerly contained all these 
animals, but is now restricted to those of the single genus 
named, others being placed in Hoplophoridae. See cut 
under Glyptodon. 
glyptodontine (glip-to-don'tin), a. and n. [< 
glyptodont + -tne 1 .] Same as glyptodont. 
glyptograph (glip'to-graf), n. [< Gr. yAwr-rdf, 
carved, + ypdipeiv, write.] An engraving on a 
fern or other small object. See gem-engraving. 
_ yptographer (glip-tog'ra-fer), n. An en- 
graver on gems or the like, 
glyptographic (glip-to-graf'ik), a. [< glyptog- 
raphy + -ie.] Of or pertaining to glyptog- 
raphy ; describing the methods of engraving on 
precious stones or the like. 
A particularly valuable part of this introduction is the 
glyptographick lithology. British Critic, Oct., 1797. 
glyptography (glip-tog'ra-fi), . [As glypto- 
graph + -y ,] 1 . The art or process of carving 
or engraving, particularly of engraving on gems 
or the like. 2. A description of the art of gem- 
engraving. 3. The knowledge of engraved 
gems. 
Glyptosauridae (glip-to-sa'ri-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Glyptosaurus + -idee.] A family of fossil 
saurians from the Tertiary, typified by the 
genus Glyptosaurus : so called from the sculp- 
tured scales. 
Glyptosaurus (glip-to-sa'rus), . [NL., < 
Gr. yXtnrrtf, carved, + aaiipof, lizard.] The 
typical genus of Glyptosauridce. O. C. Marsh. 
1871. 
glyptotheca (glip-to-the'ka), .; pi. glyptothe- 
cce (-se). [NL., < Gr. y^wr&v, a carved image, 
neut. of j-Ainrrdf, carved (see glyptic), + Oyiai, 
a case, a repository: see theca.] A building 
or room for the preservation of works of sculp- 
ture. 
glystert (glis'ter), n. A variant of clyster. 
Or. M. An abbreviation of Grand Master. 
Grnelina (mel'i-na), M. [NL., named after S. G. 
Gmelin, professor of natural history at St. Pe- 
tersburg (died 1774).] A genus of yerbenaceous 
shrubs and trees, including 8 species of eastern 
Asia and Australia. G. Leichtlinii, known in Aus- 
tralia as the beech or coo-in-new, is a fine timber-tree, the 
wood of which has a close silvery grain and is much prized 
for flooring and the decks of vessels. 
gmelinite (mel'i-nit), n. [Named after Chris- 
tian Gottlob Gmelin of Tubingen (1792-1860).] 
A zeolitie mineral closely related to chabazite 
in form and composition, and like it often oc- 
curring in rhombohedral crystals. It varies in 
color from white to flesh-red. Ledererite is a 
variety from Nova Scotia. 
gn-. This initial combination, in which the g, 
formerly pronounced, is now silent, occurs in 
(a) words of Anglo-Saxon origin, as gnat 1 , gnain 
(and obs. gnast 1 , gnide, etc.) ; (6) words of Low 
German (rarely of High German) or Scandina- 
vian origin, in which gn- is variable to or stands 
for Ten-, as gnag, gnar 1 , gnar 2 , gnarl 1 , gnarl 2 , 
gnash, gnast 2 , gneiss, etc. ; (c) words of Latin 
or Greek origin, as gnarity, Gnaphalium, gna- 
thitis, gnome, gnomon, etc. ; (d) words of other 
foreign origin, as gnu, Gnetum, etc. 
gnabblet, v. t. [Freq. of gnap for knap, accom. 
to nibble.] To nibble. Dames. 
"Take us these little foxes," was wont to be the suit of 
the Church, "for they gnabble our grapes, and hurt our 
tender branches." S. Ward, Sermons, p. 159. 
gnacchet, . See gnash. 
gnackt, n. A rare Middle English form of 
knack. 
gnaff (naf), . [Origin obscure. Of. gnoff.] 
Any small or stunted object. 
gnagt, v. t. [Also, improp., knag; ME. gnaggen, 
a secondary (Scand.) form of gnawen, gnaw: 
see gnaw. Cf. nag 1 , the same word in a de- 
flected use.] To gnaw; bite; cut. 
Sweche shul ben bounden up be the beltys til flys hem 
blowe, 
And gnaggyd up by the gomys tyl the devyl doth hem 
grone. Coventry Myttmet, p. 384. 
gnarl 
Thou scourge maad of ful tous skyn, 
Knottid & ynayyid, y crie on thee. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 211. 
Gnamptorhynchus (namp-to-ring'kus), . 
[NL., < Gr. ywj/OTTof, curved, bent, + pvyxof, 
snout.] A notable genus of arachnidans, of 
the subclass I'ycnogonida. Bohmer, 1879. 
gnap, v. and n. See knap 1 . 
gnaphalioid (na-fal'i-oid), a. [< Gnaphalium + 
-oid.] In bo t.,' belonging or pertaining to the 
group of genera (in the order Composites) of 
which Gnaphalium is the type. 
Gnaphalium (na-fa'li-um), n. [NL., < L. gna- 
phalion, < Gr. jr'a^a/uov, a downy plant used in 
stuffing cushions, supposed to be cudweed, or, 
according to others, lavender-cotton.] 1. A 
large genus of hoary-tomentose or woolly herbs, 
belonging to the order Composttfe. There are about 
100 species, distributed over most parts of the globe. The 
yellow or whitish flowers are in small discoid clustered 
heads, with a scarious and often colored involucre. Tne 
common species are known by the popular names cud- 
weed and everlasting. The leaves and flowers are generally 
slightly bitter and astringent, and are sometimes used 
medicinally. 
2. [I. c.] A plant of this genus. 
Some bunches of wild sage, Gnaphalium, and other 
hardy aromatic herbs spotted the yellow soil. 
/>'. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 64. 
gnapperts, n. See Tcnapperts. 
gnarf, n. See knar 1 . 
gnar 2 (nar), v. i. ; pret. and pp. gnarred, ppr. 
gnarring. [Also gnarr, knar, gnarl; not found 
in ME. or AS. (the alleged AS. "gnyrran or 
"gnyrian is dubious) ; = D. knorren, snarl, grum- 
ble, G. gnarren, LG. knurren, knorren, gnurren = 
G. knurren, snarl, growl, = Dan. knurre, snarl, 
growl, = Sw. knorra, murmur, growl; cf. G. 
knarren, and knirren, creak ; appar. ult. imita- 
tive, and variable in form.] To growl or snarl, 
as a dog. 
For and this curre do gnar. 
Skelton, Why Come Ye nat to Courte? 1. 297. 
A thousand wants 
Gnarr at the heels of men. 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, xcviii. 
gnaret, . [ME., with a corresponding verb, 
found only in Wyclif (except that the verb oc- 
curs once, spelled gnarre, in Palsgrave), with a 
var. grane, appar. connecting it with grin, var. 
grene, grane, etc. (see grin*) ; but it cannot 
have been a variant in actual speech of either 
griift or snare, in the same sense, and it occurs 
too often to be regarded as a mere miswrit- 
ing. It may perhaps have been an orig. mis- 
writing of snare (which is also used in Wyclif), 
confused perhaps with grin 2 and adopted by 
Wyclif as an independent word and used as 
such in subsequent passages. It is used in sev- 
eral instances as an alternative of snare and 
also of grin.] A snare; a noose; a grin; a trap. 
Goinge awey he hangide hym with a grane. or a gnare. 
Wyclif, Mat. xxvil. 5 (Oxf.). 
The! that wolen be maad riche fallen into temptacioun 
and into gnare of the deuel. Wyclif, 1 Tim. vi. 9 (Oxf.). 
gnare^ * [ME. gnaren; < gnare, n.] To catch 
in a snare or noose ; snare ; choke. 
Abijd . . . that the! go and falle bacward, and ben to- 
brosed, and ynared and taken. Wydtf, Isa. xxviii. 13(0xf.> 
Thes double mannis lawes, the popis and the emperours, 
letten [prevent] Goddis lawe to growe and gnare the 
chirche, as tares gnaren corn, and letten [prevent] it to 
thryve. Wyclif, Select Works (ed. Arnold), I. 9. 
I gnarre in a halter or corde, I stoppe ones breathe or 
snarl one. Palsgrave. 
gnarityt, n. [In Minsheu, gnaritie ; < LL. gna- 
rita(t-)s, knowledge, < L. gnarus, knowing, skil- 
ful, expert, also rarely narus and gnaruris, < 
gnoscere, usually noscere = Gr. -yi-yv&aKetv, know, 
= E. know: see know 1 .] Knowledge; experi- 
ence ; skilfulness. Minsheu, 1625. 
gnarl 1 (narl), n. [Prop., as formerly, knarl; but 
gnarl is the present general spelling; a dim. 
form, with suffix -I, of gnar, properly knar: see 
knar 1 , n.] A knot; a knotty growth in wood; 
a rough irregular protuberance on a tree. 
Gnarls without and knots within. Landor. 
It is always the knots and gnarltt of the oak that he 
[Carlyle] admires, never the perfect and balanced tree. 
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 126. 
gnarl 1 (narl), v. t. [< gnarl 1 , n.] To give a 
rough ridging or milling to, as to the. edge of 
a thumbscrew. 
gnarl 2 (narl), v. i. [Freq. of gnar 2 .] Same as 
gnar 2 . Minsheu. 
Ah, thus King Harry throws away his crutch, 
Before his legs be firm to bear his body : 
Thus is the shepherd beaten from thy side, 
And wolves are (inarlinn who shall gnaw thee first. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 
