gnathonic 
That Jack's is somewhat of a ynatluinie and parasitic 
soul, or stomach, all Bideford apple-women know. 
Kiivjslry, Westward Ho, p. 150. 
gnathopod (nath'6-pod), a. and . [< NL. gna- 
tliopus (-pod-); < Gr. yvado/;, jaw, + Troi'f (Trod-) 
= E. foot.'] I. a. Jaw-footed ; of or pertaining 
to the Gnathopoda, in any sense. Also gna t/iop- 
odous. 
II. n. A member of the Gnathopoda, of any 
kind. 
Gnathopoda (na-thop'o-da), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of gnatltopus : see gnathopod.] If. The 
xiphosures or horseshoe crabs regarded as an 
order of Arachnida. Straus-Durkheim, 1829. 
2. In some systems of classification, a subclass 
or suborder of Crustacea, corresponding to En- 
tomostraca in a broad sense ; the lower series of 
the crustaceans, contrasted with the malacos- 
tracans or Thoracipoda. 
Instead of the terms Malacostraca and Entomostraca 
. . . the terms Thoraclpoda and Gnathopoda, which em- 
body the salient character in each subclass. 
H. Woodward, Encyc. Brit., VI. 664. 
3, An exact synonym of Arthropod consid- 
ered as a prime division of a phylum Appendi- 
culata (which see). E. B. Lankester. [Little 
used.] 
gnathopodite (na-thop'o-dit), re. [As gnatho- 
pod + -Jte 2 .] One of the limbs which in crus- 
taceans and other arthropods are modified into 
mouth-parts; a mouth-foot, jaw-foot, or foot- 
jaw; a maxilliped; a gnathite. 
gnathopodous (na-thop'o-dus), a. [As gnatlio- 
pod + -ous.] Same as gnathopod and arthropo- 
dous. 
gnathostegite (na-thos'te-jit), . [< Gr. yvd- 
8of, jaw, + urf)of,'roof, + -ite 2 .] In Crustacea, 
a lamellar expansion of the ischiopodite and 
meropodite of the external maxilliped or third 
thoracic limb, which with its fellow covers the 
other mouth-parts. It may be terminated by a 
small jointed endognathal palp. 
Gnathostoma (na-thos'to-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
yvdffof, jaw, + orfyio, mouth.] A genus of ne- 
matoid entozoic worms, found in the stomach 
of the Felidce or cat tribe. B. Owen. See Chira- 
canthiis, 2. 
Gnathostomata (nath-o-sto'ma-ta), n.pl. [NL., 
pi. of G-nathostoma, q. v.] 1. A group of ento- 
mostracous crustaceans, containing the phyl- 
lopods, copepods, and ostracodes, as a subor- 
der of Entomostraca. 2. A tribe of true cope- 
pods, having a completely segmented body and 
masticatory mouth-parts, and being for the most 
part not parasitic. It contains the families Cy- 
clopidce, Calcmidce, and Notodelphyida. Glaus. 
gnathostomatous (nath-o-stom'a-tus), a. [< 
Gnathostomata + -ons.~] Pertaining to the 
Gnathostomata. Also gnathostomous. 
Gnathostomi (na-thos'to-mi), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of f/ita thostomus : see gnathostomous. ] The jaw- 
mouthed series of skulled vertebrates, includ- 
ing all of these excepting the Cyclostomi or Mo- 
norhina (hags and lampreys). Like Amphirhina, 
with which it is conterminous, the term expresses rather 
an evolutionary series than a definite zoological group of 
animals. 
gnathostomous (na-thos'to-mus), a. [< NL. 
gnatlwstomus, < Gr. yvoft>f, jaw, + ar6[ia, mouth.] 
1. Having an under jaw: specifically applied to 
the G nathostomi. 2. Same as gnathostomatous. 
gnathotheca (nath-o-the'ka), . ; pi. gnatho- 
thec(e (-se). [NL., < Gr. yrafof, the jaw, + 9>iia), 
case.] In ornith., the integument of the gna- 
thidium ; the horny or leathery investment of 
the under mandible. [Little used.] 
Gnathoxys (na-thok'sis), n. [NL. (Westwood, 
1843), < Gr. yvoflof, jaw, + oftif, sharp.] 1. A 
genus of caraboid ground-beetles of Australia, 
comprising about 12 large species, black, broad- 
ly convex, with irregularly foveolate elytra. 
2. A genus of ichneumon-flies, with two Euro- 
pean species. Wesmael, 1844. 
gnatling (nat'ling), n. [< gnaft + -lingl.] A 
little gnat : used contemptuously of a person. 
But if some man more hardy than the rest 
Shall dare attack these gnatlings in their nest, 
At once they rise with impotence of rage, 
Whet their small stings, and buzz about the stage. 
Churchill, Rosciad. 
gnat-snapt, n. Same as gnat-snapper, 1. 
The little gnat-snap (worthy princes boords), 
And the greene parrat, fainer of our words, 
Wait on the phoenix, and admire her tunes, 
And gaze themselves in her blew-golden plumes. 
D u Bartas (trans. ). 
gnat-snappert (nat'snap"er), n. 1 . A bird that 
catches gnats for food : probably the beccafico. 
Hakewill. 2. A stupid gaping fellow. 
2554 
Grout-head ynat-snapperx, lob-dotterels, gaping change- 
lings. Urguhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 26. 
gnatter(nat'er),t'.(. [E.dial.; cf.</as< 2 , </.] 
1. To gnaw. 2. To grumble. [Prov. Eng.] 
gnat-Worm (nat'werm), . The larva of a gnat, 
gnaw (ua), c. [< ME. gnawen, gnagen (pret. 
gnew, gnow, pi. gnewen, pp. gnaicen), <. AS. 
gnagan (pret. *gnog, pi. for-gnogon, pp. *gna- 
gen) = D. knagen, knaauwen = East Fries, kna- 
gen = OLG. cnagan = LG. (Brem.) gnauen, 
with freq. gnaueln, gnaggeln = OHG. gnagan, 
nagan, and chnagan, MHG. nagen, G. nagen = 
Icel. gnaga, mod. naga = Sw. gnaga = Norw. 
gnaga and knaga = Dan. gnare and nage, gnaw. 
Hence gnag, nagl, secondary forms, related 
to gnaw as drag is to draw.] I. trans. 1. To 
bite off little by little ; bite or scrape away with 
the front teeth ; erode or eat into. 
His children wende that it for hough- was 
That he his armes gnaw [var. gnew]. 
Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 468. 
The Volsces have much corn ; take these rats thither, 
To r/naw their garners. Shak., Cor., i 1. 
They were to eat their bread, not gnawing it after the 
manner of rustics, but curialiter, like gentlemen, after a 
courtly fashion. Contemporary Rev., LIII. 60. 
2. To bite upon, as in close thought, vexation, 
rage, etc. 
Then ynaw'd his pen, then dash'd it on the ground. 
Pope, Dunciad, L 117. 
At this he turn'd all red and paced his hall, 
Now gnaw'd his under, now his upper lip. 
Tennyson, Oeraint. 
3. To wear away as if by continued biting; 
consume ; fret ; waste. 
Thou, In envy of him, gnaw'it thyself. 
B. Jonsvn, Every Man out of his Humour, i. 1. 
Some derive the word Rhodanus [modern Rhone] from 
the Latine word rodere, which signifieth to gnaw, because 
in certaine places it doth continually gnaw and eat his 
bankes. Coryat, Crudities, I. 62. 
To bite or gnaw a file. Seefilel. =Syn. 1. Chew. Seeeat. 
II. intrans. 1. To act by or as if by continual 
biting away of small fragments or portions. 
Take from my heart those thousand thousand Furies, 
That restless gnaw upon my life, and save me ! 
Fletcher (and another), False One, iv. 8. 
If a Serpent gnawing in our bowels be a representation 
of an insupportable misery here, what will that be of the 
Worm that never dies? Stilling fleet, Sermons, I. v. 
Wretched hunger gnaweth at my heart. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 156. 
2. To bite or nibble at the hook, as fish. [Fisher- 
men's slang.] 
gnawt, . [< gnaw, v.] A gnawing. 
Nine days I struggled think the cruel strife, 
The gnaw of anguish, and the waste of life ! 
Boyse, Written in the Palace of Falkland. 
gnawable (na'a-bl), a. [< gnaw, v., + -able.] 
That may be gnawed. 
Undisturbed, the rats played in wild riot through my 
hut during the day, and in the night gnawed everything 
gnawable. H. 0. Forbes, Eastern Archipelago, p. 484. 
gnawed (nad), p. a. Inbot., irregularly toothed, 
as if from gnawing; erose. 
gnawer (na'er), n. I. One who or that which 
gnaws or corrodes. 
They [porcupines] are great gnawers, and will gnaw your 
house down if you are not watchful. 
J. Burroughs, The Century, XXXVI. 617. 
2. In 2oo7. : (a) A rodent. (6) pi. The Bo- 
dentia, Bosores, or Glires. 
gnawing (na'ing), n. [< ME. gnawinge = D. 
knaging; verbal n. of gnaw, v.] The act of 
continued biting, consuming, or fretting. 
Nowe therefore let vs here rehearse the contencion of 
familiar thinges, the gnawing at the heartes, and the treat- 
ing of mindes & vowes, promises and requestes made of 
diuerse persones. Hall, Hen. VII., an. 19. 
gneiss (nls), n. [< G. gneiss (as defined) ; said 
to be connected with OHG. gneista, etc., MHG. 
gneiste, etc., a spark: see gnasfl and ganister. 
Cf. the meaning of mica.] A rock which con- 
sists essentially of the same mineral elements 
as granite, namely orthoclase, quartz, and mica, 
but in which there is a more or less distinct- 
ly foliated arrangement of the constituent 
minerals, and especially of the mica. It appears 
in a great variety of forms, and shows all stages of pas- 
sage from true granite to a perfectly schistose condition, 
in which case the feldspar disappears, and the rock be- 
comes a true mica schist. Porphyritic gneiss is character- 
ized by the presence of large distinct crystals or rounded 
kernel-like masses of feldspar. Gneiss often contains 
hornblende instead of or associated with mica, and then 
receives the name of hornblendic or syenitic gneiss. Some 
gneisses are undoubtedly of eruptive origin ; other varie- 
ties are admitted by most geologists to be metamorphosed 
sedimentary masses. As is the case with granite, so in 
gneiss the orthoclase is sometimes associated with plagio- 
clase. See granite. 
gneissic (ni'sik), a. [< gneiss + -ic.] Of, per- 
taining to, or resembling gneiss ; gneissose. 
gnome 
Gray dacite is abundant about the southern base of the 
mountain, in smooth clilt's and ledges, and has a remark- 
ably ytieixsic appearance. Science, III. 552. 
gneisspid (ui'soid), a. [< yitciss + -aid.] Re- 
sembling gneiss in structure, especially witli 
reference to the foliated arrangement of the 
constituents. Rocks are called gneissoid when 
they have the gneissic structure only imper- 
fectly developed. 
gneissose (ni'sos), a. [< gneiss + -oxe.~\ Hav- 
ing the qualities of, resembling, or exhibiting 
the texture or structure of gneiss. 
Granite, but with gneisgose aspect. Nature, XXX. 40. 
Gnetacese (ne-ta'se-e), . pi. [NL., < Gnetiini 
+ -acea;.] A gymnospermous order of shrubs 
or small trees, usually jointed, with opposite 
leaves and monoecious or .dioecious flowers. 
The perianth of the male flower is membranous and two- 
lobed, and that of the female flower utricular. The only 
genera are Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia. 
gnetaceous (ne-ta'shius), a. [< Gnetacea; + 
-ous.] Belonging to or resembling the Gne- 
tacea>. 
In the Gnetaceous Ephedra altissima, a process of cell- 
formation goes on In the oospore. Encyc. Brit., XX. 429. 
Gnetum (ne'tum), n. [NL. (Eumphius, 1767), 
altered from Gnemon (Kumphius, 1741), < gnc- 
mon or gnemo, given as its name in the island 
of Ternate, Malay archipelago.] A genus of 
climbing shrubs, type of the order Gnetacece, in- 
cluding 15 species, natives of tropical regions. 
They have jointed stems, opposite dilated leaves, flowers 
verticillate in terminal spikes, and the fruit often drupa- 
ceous. The fruit of G. Gnemon and some other Asiatic spe- 
cies is edible, and the young leaves are used as a vegetable. 
gnewt. An obsolete preterit of gnaw. 
gnidet, v. t. [< ME. gniden, < AS. gnidan (pret. 
gndd, pi. gnidon, pp. ge-gniden), rub, break to 
pieces, = OHG. gnitan, MHG. gniten = Icel. 
gnidha = Sw. gnida = Dan. gnide, rub.] To 
rub ; bruise ; pound ; break in pieces. 
Herbes he sought and fond, 
And gnidded hem bitwix his hond. 
Arthour and Merlin, p. 94. (HaUiwell.) 
gnitt, . [ME. gnit, pi. gnyttus = LG. gnid = 
G. gnitze, a gnat, = Icel. gnit, mod. nitr = Norw. 
gnit = Sw. gnet Dan. gnid, a nit. Cf. gnat 1 . 
The AS. hnitu, E. nit, is appar. a different word : 
see nit.] A gnat. 
gnodt. '' t. [ME. gnodden, gnudden, a var. of 
gnidden, a secondary form of gniden, rub (cf . Icel. 
gnudda (Jonsson, Ordbog, p. 179), the usual 
Icel. form being gnua, mod. nua, rub): see 
gnide.] To rub together; bruise; pound; break 
to pieces. 
Corn up sprong unsowe ot mannes hond, 
The which they gnodded, and eet nat half inow. 
Chaucer, Former Age, 1. 11. 
gnofft, n. [< ME. gnof, usually explained as a 
miser, but rather a churl, a lout (cf. 2d quot.); 
origin unknown. Cf^-Sc. gnaff, any small or 
stunted object.] A churl ; a curmudgeon. 
Whilom ther was dwellynge at Oxenford 
A riche gnof, that gestes heeld to bord, 
And of his craft he was a carpenter. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 2. 
The country gnoo/es, Hob, Dick, and Hick, 
With clubbes and clouted shoon, 
Shall fill up Dussyn dale 
With slaughtered bodies soone. 
Norfolke Furies (1623). (Halliwell.) 
Gnoma (no'ma), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1801) ; so 
called in allusion to its dwelling in the earth ; 
< (/oe 2 .] A genus of longicorn beetles, of the 
family Cerambycidw, containing about 20 spe- 
cies, confined to Australia and the Malay pen- 
insula. 
gnome 1 (nom; L. pron. no'me), n. [< LL. gnome, 
a sentence, maxim, < Gr. yvh/iii, thought, judg- 
ment, intelligence, a thought, a judgment, an 
opinion, a maxim, < yiyv&tamiv, yvuvat = L. no- 
scere., know, = E. know : see know 1 .] A brief re- 
flection or maxim ; an aphorism; a saying; a 
saw. 
They [Mr. Lowell's English admirers] have most of them 
a certain acquaintance, not with his works for in that 
respect a hackneyed gnome or two of Bird-o'-freedum 
Sawin's constitutes their whole equipment but with the 
high estimate in which he is held by all competent Eng- 
lish critics. 
Fortnightly Rev., quoted in Littell's Living Age, CLXVI. 
[288. 
Looking at His method or style, we find that not a little 
of His teaching was in gnomes, or brief, pointed sentences, 
easy to be remembered. 
G. P. Fisher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 456. 
=Syn. See aphorism. 
gnome 2 (nom), n. [= D. G. Dan. Sw. gnoin, < 
F. gnome = Sp. Pg. It. gnomo, a gnome, a fac- 
titious name, (by Paracelsus?) appar. taken 
< Gr. yvufiri, thought, intelligence, or ^vu/tuv. 
one that knows or examines, an inspector or 
