goiter 
of the alveoli, to accumulation in them of more or less 
serous, colloid material, to hyperplasia of the connective 
tissue, or to dilatation of the blood-vessels. The name is 
also somewhat loosely applied to a similar enlargement 
from any cause, as from carcinoma or sarcoma. The disease 
is frequently met with in Derbyshire, England, whence it 
is called Derbyshire neck, and it is extremely prevalent in 
cold, moist valleys of the Alps, Andes, Himalayas, and 
other similar regions, as in South America. Also called 
bronchocele. Exophthalmic goiter. See exophthalmic. 
goitered. goitred (goi'terd), . [< goiter + 
-eel 2 .] Having a goiter, or some formation re- 
sembling a goiter. Goitered antelope. Same as 
dzeren. 
goiter-stick (goi'ter-stik), n. The stem of cer- 
tain coarse olivaceous seaweeds, as Sargassum, 
and a species belonging to the Laminariece, sup- 
posed to be useful as a remedy for goiter, and 
for this purpose chewed by inhabitants of South 
America, where the disease is prevalent. The 
curative element in these seaweeds is thought to be the 
iodine which they contain. The mucus of Fucus vesicu- 
losug has similar medicinal properties. 
goitre, goitred. See goiter, goitered. 
goitrous (goi'trus), a. [< F. goitreux, < L. gut- 
turosus, having a tumor on the throat, < guttur, 
the throat: see goiter.] 1. Pertaining to or 
connected with goiter; favorable to the pro- 
duction of goiter. 
The goitrous localities where there is no cretinism. 
quarterly Rev., CXXVII. 196. 
2. Affected with goiter. 
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the in- 
habitants in general are either goitrous or idiots. Coxe. 
goket, " An obsolete form of gawk. 
goket, v. t. [< goke, n. Cf. gowk.] To stupefy. 
Nay, look how the man stands as he were gokt ! 
She's lost if you not haste away the party. 
B. Jonson, Magnetick Lady, iii. 0. 
gola (go'la), n. See gula. 
golaba (go-la'ba), n. [< Pers. and Hind, gulab, 
rose-water (gulab-pash, a rose-water sprinkler, 
Pers. posh, a sprinkling), < gwl, a rose, + ab, 
water.] A bottle-shaped vase or "rose-water 
bottle," usually of metal-work, made in British 
India. 
golader. golder (gol'a-der, gol'der), n. [Anglo- 
Ind., < Hind, goladar, Beng. golddr, a wholesale 
grain-merchant or salt-dealer, a storekeeper, < 
gola, a granary, a storeroom (in Bengal usually 
a circular structure of mats or clay) (same as 
gola, a ball, a cannon-ball ; < Hind, gol, a ball, 
a circle, etc., < gol, round), 4- Pers. Hind, -ddr, 
one who holds, keeps, possesses, etc.] In the 
East Indies, a storehouse-keeper. 
golandaas, golandause (gol-an-das'), . [An- 
glo-Ind., < Hind, golanddz, a gunner, < gola, a 
cannon-ball (see golader), + andaz, measure, 
weighing, in comp. throwing.] In the East In- 
dies, an artilleryman. 
gold (gold), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also gould, 
goold; < ME. gold, goold, guld, < AS. gold = OS. 
gold = OFries. gold, goud = D. goud = MLG. golt 
= OHG. gold,cold, MHG. golt, G. gold = Icel. goll, 
gull = Sw. Dan. guld = Goth, gulth = OBulg. 
Sloven. Bohem. Serv. Euss. zlato = Pol. zloto, 
etc. (Finn, kulta, < OHG. ; Hung, izlot, < Slav.), 
gold : with orig. pp. suffix -d (as in cold, old, 
loud, god, etc.), a different suffix appearing in 
Skt. hiranya = Zend zaranya, zaranu, gold, 
appar. so named from its yellow color, being 
prob. akin to AS. geolu, geolo, E. yellow, L. 
helvus, grayish-yellow, Gr. x^upk, yellowish- 
green, Skt. hari, yellow (see yellow, chlorin, 
etc.). Whether the Gr. xp va ^f, gold, is cognate 
is doubtful; the L. word is different: see au- 
rum. Hence gild 1 , gilt 1 , gilden 1 , and ult. gil- 
den 2 , gulden.] I. n. I. Chemical symbol, Au; 
atomic weight, 196.7. A precious metal re- 
markable on account of its unique and beautiful 
yellow color, luster, high specific gravity, and 
freedom from liability to rust or tarnish when 
exposed to the air. The specific gravity of pure gold 
is!9.3. Gold stands first among the metals in pointof duc- 
tility and malleability. Its tenacity is almost equal to that 
of silver, two thirds that of copper, and twelve times that 
of lead. It may be beaten into leaves thin enough to trans- 
mit a greenish light. It stands next to silver and copper 
as a conductor of heat and electricity ; its melting-point is 
about 1,100 C. (or 2,000" F. ) ; it is not attacked by any of the 
ordinary acids, bnt combines readily with chlorin ; and it is 
dissolved by a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids. 
The crystalline form of gold is isometric, but crystallized 
gold is a rarity, and it is extremely uncommon to find 
crystals with smooth faces and sharp edges. Neither 
have any very large crystals ever been noticed, nor one 
so much as an inch in diameter. Arborescent masses 
showing irregularly developed crystalline planes, are oc- 
casionally found, and such forms are sometimes aggre- 
gated into large masses ; but much the larger part of 
the native gold found is entirely destitute of any appear- 
ance of crystallization, being usually in the form of small 
scales, which are often so minute as to be almost invisi- 
ble to the naked eye. Larger rounded masses, called nug- 
2565 
gets, are occasionally met with, and these are sometimes 
many pounds in weight. A specimen from the Ural pre- 
served in the collection of the mining school at St. Peters- 
burg weighs nearly a hundred pounds. The largest nug- 
get of which there is any record was found in Australia, and 
was called the " Welcome." It weighed over 184 pounds, 
contained by assay 99.2 per cent, of gold, and netted a 
value when melted of $46,625. Gold is a widely dissem- 
inated metal, but does not occur anywhere in large quan- 
tities, as compared with the ordinary useful metals. There 
is no proper ore of gold, this metal being never, so far as 
known, mineralized by sulphur or oxygen. Although gold 
is disseminated in fine and usually invisible particles 
through various ores of the other metals, and in many 
cases in quantity great enough to be separated with profit, 
most of the gold of the world is obtained either in the 
form of native gold, from washing the superficial detritus 
(sand and gravel), or by separating it from quartz, with 
which mineral it is almost invariably associated when oc- 
curring in veins or segregations in the solid rocks. Native 
gold is, however, in fact, an alloy of gold with silver, and 
traces of copper and iron are often associated with it. No 
native gold entirely free from silver has ever been found. 
The amount of the latter metal present in the gold va- 
ries greatly in different regions. The gold of California 
usually contains from 10 to 12 per cent, of silver ; that of 
Australia rather less than half as much. The native gold 
of Mount Morgan, Queensland, approaches more nearly to 
chemical purity than any hitherto discovered, since it 
contains 99.7 per cent, of gold, and only a minute trace 
of silver. Pure gold is very rarely used in the arts. All 
gold coin and gold ornaments in use are alloys of gold 
with copper, or with copper and silver. The alloy is used, 
in the case of coin, because pure gold is too soft to bear 
rough usage; and for the same reason, as well as to dimin- 
ish the cost, in the case of gold used for personal orna- 
ments. The coin of England is composed of 11 parts of 
gold and 1 of copper ; that of France and the United States 
of 9 of gold and 1 of copper. The so-called gold used 
for jewels and watch-cases varies from 8 or 9 to 18 carats 
fine. (Seecarat.S.) Thealloysof gold with copper and sil- 
ver are given various shades of color by treatment with 
chemicals, according to fashion or fancy. Gold has been 
in use for ornamental purposes from the earliest times. 
I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that 
thou mayest be rich. Rev. lit 18. 
All that glisters is not gold. Shak., M. of V., U. 7. 
Oold! Gold! Gold! Gold! 
Bright and yellow, hard and cold, 
Molten, graven, hammer'd and roll'd. 
Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
It is curious that, if we regard a quantity of gold as 
wearing away annually by a fixed percentage of what re- 
mains, the duration of some part is infinite, and yet the 
average duration is finite. Jevone, Pol. Econ., p. 262. 
Hence, figuratively 2. Money; riches; wealth. 
For me the gold of France did not seduce. 
Shak., Hen. V., ii. 2. 
The old man's god, his gold, has won upon her. 
goldcrest 
Also called matt. Ducat gold. See ducat. Dutch 
gold. See Dutch. Etruscan, Roman, or colored gold, 
in jewelry, gold (of any fineness) the superficial alloy of 
which has been removed by boiling in nitric acid, leav- 
ing a surface of fine gold with a rich, satiny yellow luster. 
Fools' gold, iron pyrites, a mineral of metallic luster 
and light-yellow or golden color, often mistaken for gold, 
whence the name. German gold, an inferior gold-pow- 
der prepared from gold-leaf. Gold and silver certifi- 
cates. See certificate. Graphic gold, an ore of tellu- 
rium, consisting of tellurium, gold, and silver, found in 
Transylvania. Also called graphic ore and nj/lvanite (which 
see). Green gold, in jewelry, gold alloyed with silver- 
Hammered gold. See hammer, u. (.Lined gold, gold 
having a backing of other metal. Mannheim gold, a 
cheap brass alloy used by jewelers to imitate gold, named 
from Mannheim, in Baden, where it was originally made. 
It varies somewhat in its composition, but a usual formu- 
la includes 80 parts of copper and 20 of zinc, sometimes 
with a trace of tin. Mock gold, a yellow alloy composed 
of copper, zinc, platinum, and other materials in various 
proportions. Mosaic gold, (a) An alloy of copper and 
zinc, also called ormolu.. (6) A sulphid of tin, the aurum 
musivum of the ancients. Old gold, a dull brassy-yellow 
color supposed to resemble ola tarnished gold, used in 
textile fabrics. Red gold, in jewelry, gold alloyed with 
copper. Rolled gold, a film of gold joined to a backing 
of other metal by rolling. To cut the gold. See cut. 
White gold, an alloy of gold in which silver predomi- 
nates, say 20 parts of silver to 4 of gold. 
II. a. Made of, consisting of, or like gold; 
golden ; gilded : as, a gold chain ; gold color. 
The cowslips tall her pensioners be ; 
In their gold coats spots you see. 
Shak., M. N. D., it 1. 
For so the whole round earth is every way 
Bound by gold chains about the feet of God. 
Tennyson, Morte d' Arthur. 
Sold blond, blond-lace, the flowers or sprigs of which 
are composed of gold thread. Gold blue. See purple 
of Caseius, under purple. Gold chlorid, a name of the 
trichlorid AuClo and of chlor-auric acid, HAuCl4. Solu- 
tions of gold chlorid are used in gilding by the wet way, 
also in combination with tin sesquichlorid, or the double 
tin and ammonium chlorid, in the preparation of purple 
of Cassius. Gold cloth. Same as doth of gold (which 
see, under cloth). Gold lac, gold lacquer, a variety of 
Japanese lacquer-work ; properly, that in which the surface 
is entirely of gold, sometimes uniform, sometimes in pat- 
terns of different tints of gold, and often having patterns 
in relief; less properly, that which has a certain amount 
of gold ornamentation or which is covered with aven- 
turin. Gold lace. See lace. Gold latten. (a) Gold in 
thin plates. See latten. (b) Thin plates of gilded metal, 
especially of yellow metal or brass gilded. Gold luster, 
a variety of metallic luster which has the color of gold. 
See luster. 'Gold plate, thread, wire, etc. See the 
nouns. Gold tooling, in bookbinding, ornamental work 
made by the pressure of a hot tool upon gold-leaf laid on a 
notes payable in gold coin. There were but few of 
these banks, and these were chiefly established to meet 
the wishes of the people of the Pacific coast States, who 
~ - r book-cover. 
Fletcher and Shirley, Night- Walker, gold-bank (gold'bangk), n. A national bank- 
Judges and senates have been bought f or 'gold. ing association of a class organized under Unit- 
Pope, Essay on Man, iv. 187. ed gtates Kevised Statutes (limit of circulation 
3. Anything very valuable or highly prized; enlarged by act of January 19th, 1875) to issue 
anything regarded as very precious, or as of 
pure or sterling quality. 
The king's a bawcock, and a heart of gold, * '*- . ..- ,-v. ,..., .-. * U w . ..^m., v ",i.n . 'KH. .- 
A lad of life, an imp of fame. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 1. objected to paper currency not redeemable in gold. 
4. A bright-yellow color, like that of the metal KOldbasket (gold'bas'ket), n. Same as gold- 
gold; also, gilding: as, a flower edged with gold. ,1'. / -UM ~ // 
gold-bearing (gold'bar"mg), a. Containing 
gold; auriferous. 
The distribution of gold-bearing deposits is world-wide ; 
although the relative importance of different localities is 
very different, their geological range is also very exten- 
sive. Encyc. Brit., X 742. 
gold-beatent (gold ' be " tn), a. [< ME. gold- 
The vivid green his shining plumes unfold, 
His painted wings, and breast that flames with gold. 
Pope, Windsor Forest, 1. 118. 
The Princeps copy, clad in blue and gold. 
J. Ferriar, Illustrations of Sterne, Bibliomania, 1. 6. 
Morn in the white wake of the morning star 
Came furrowing all the orient into gold. 
Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
so called because marked with gold, or of a 
beten.] Embossed or enchased in gold. 
Gold-beten helmes, hauberkes, cote-armures. 
= , -- Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1642. 
gold color; hence, a shot that strikes the cen- _-ij v.+ < -U'T,-**- \ 
ter: as, to secure a gold. gold-beater, (gold better) n 1. One whose 
d i t A occupation is to beat or foliate gold for gild- 
clapping ajid applause by^hreefhits'runnrng'i'n \hlgold * n ^' ^. 6e 9 ^d-leaf. 2. A common predaceous 
a feat which among the Brackenshaw archers had not the caraboid beetle, Carabus auratus, found in all 
vulgar reward of a shilling poll-tax, but that of a special parts of Europe. [Eng.] Gold-beaters' mold a 
gold star to be worn on the breast. collection of about 850 leaves of parchment, vellum and 
George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, x. gold-beaters' skin, each of double thickness, fixed on a 
6. [E. dial, also goolds (cf . So. gool, gule, gules, meta i m J d t ' and between which flattened pieces of gold 
thfi corn Tnoriorjrll ( \ff nnW anf JA -,M are placed to be hammered out to the full size of the leaf, 
the corn-marigold), < ML. gold, goold, guld, _ Gold-beaters' akin, the prepared outside membrane 
,", ,,- ~ /, ~ ' w*-nwwwio' skin, the prepared < 
merely a particular use of gold, the metal. Cf . of the large intestine of the ox, which is of extreme te- 
marigold.] (a) The marigold, Calendula oMci- nacity and is used by gold-beaters to lay between the leaves 
nnlis * the metal while they beat it. The membrane is thus 
reduced to great thinness, and is fit to be applied to cuts 
and fresh wounds. 
gold-beating (gold' beating), n. The art or 
process of beating out gold in__ 
gold-book (gold'buk), n . A thin pamphlet con- 
Onyons, myntes, gourdes, golde 
Palladius Husbondrie(E E T 8 ) p 148 gom-Dea^ing (gold' De'ting), n. The ai 
(6) The corn-marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum '. J!S|*E* $&?* g A iv g 01 ^,^: 
^wS*tw^^^ ^^^^- ^S^S^: 
hues oee gold-leaf. 
____ . 
And for their scent not ill, they for this purpose chuse. gold-bound (gold'bound), a. Bound or encom- 
Drayton, Polyolbion, xv. 166. passed with gold. 
(et) The turnsol ; heliotrope. Tnou ^ ^ like the 8pirlt , ^ m . down , 
Thy crown does sear mine eyeballs : and thy hair 
Thou other gold-bound brow, is like the first. 
Shak., Macbeth iv 1 
She [Leucothoe] sprong up out of the molde 
Into a flour was named guide, 
Which slant governed of the sonne. 
plum, calendula. * Pmmpl*. Par! p. 202. fin ct-like bird of the genus Pytelia, as P. sub- 
Angelgoldt. Seea^^-sroJdClotliofgold. SeeriotA. -*' t ' a; a book-name. 
wpress gold. See cypress?. Dead gold, gold or goldcrest (gold krest), ii. A golden-crested 
gold-leaf applied to any object and left unburnished. bird of the genus Regulm. The common European 
