gong-bell 
gong-bell (gong'bel), n. Same as gong?, 2. 
gong-gong (gong'goug), n. Same as goiitfi, 1. 
gong-hammer (gong'ham"er), n. The hammer 
by which a gong is struck. 
gong-metal (gong'met'al), . The metal of 
which gongs are made : an alloy consisting of 
about four parts of copper and one of tin. 
Gongora (gong'go-ra), . [In honor of Don A. 
Cabellero y Gongora, a viceroy of New Grana- 
da.] A singular genus of epiphytic orchids of 
tropical America, including about 20 species, 
several of which are in cultivation. They have 
large plaited leaves and drooping racemes of 
rather large flowers. 
Gongoresque (gong-go-resk'), a. [< Gongora 
(see def.) + -esque.} Resembling G6ngora, a 
Spanish poet, or his style. See G'ongorixni. 
He is Gongoresque in his style, as Is Quintana. 
Ticknor, Span. Lit., III. 92. 
Gongorism (gong'go-rizm), n. [< Sp. Gongoris- 
mo, < Gdngora (see def.) + -ismo, E. -ism.] A 
kind of affected elegance of style introduced 
into Spanish literature in imitation of that 
of the Spanish poet Gongora y Argote (1561- 
A folio volume, with numerous plates, . . . notwith- 
standing the Gungoriiin of its style, is a book to be read 
for the history of Spanish art. Ticknor, Span. Lit., I. 32. 
Tales . . . told in that euphuistic language which more 
or less corresponded in date or character with gonyorism 
in Spain. Quarterly Ren., CLXIII. 39. 
gong-stand (gong'stand), i. An open frame 
used for suspending a Chinese gong, so that it 
can be sounded with convenience. 1 
gongyli, . Plural of gongylus, 1. 
Gongylospermeae (gon"ji-lo-sper'me-e), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. yojyt'Aof, round, 4- oxepua, seed.] 
In the systems of classification of Agardh and 
Harvey, a division of the cryptogamic order 
Floridcai, in which the spores are heaped toge- 
ther without order: distinguished from the 
Desmiosfiermea:, in which the spores are ar- 
ranged in a definite manner. The distinction 
has less value than was formerly supposed. 
gongylus (gon'ji-lus), n. [NL., < Gr. yoyytfj*, 
round.] 1. PI. gongyli (-11). In bot. : (a) A 
name given to a spore of certain fungi. Imp. 
Diet, (b) A round, hard, deciduous body con- 
nected with the reproduction of certain sea- 
weeds. Imp. Diet. 2. [cap.] In zob'l. : (a) 
A genus of orthopterous insects. Thunberg, 
1812. (b) A genus of lizards, of the family 
Sepidai. Wagler, 1830. 
Gonia (go'ni-a), n. [NL. (Meigen, 1826), so 
called from the angled antennal bristle, < Gr. 
yuvia, a corner, an angle.] 1. A genus of flies, 
of the family Tachinidre. They are rather large black 
or blackish-brown species, with the abdomen usually red- 
dish-yellow. They occur in Europe and America, and are 
parasitic. G. fasciata of Europe is found in bumblebees' 
nests, while other species infest the larva? of lepidopterous 
insects. 
2. A genus of tineid moths, of the family Ge- 
lechiida;. The sole species is the German G. 
pudorina. Heineman, 1870. 3. [/. e.] Plural 
of gonion. 
Goniaster (go-ni-as'ter), . [NL., < Gr. ;uwo, 
a corner, angle, + aarr/p, a star: see aster 1 .] A 
genus of starfishes, giving name to the family 
Goniasterida. L. Agassiz. 
Goniasteridae (go'-ni-as-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Goniaster + -idee.'] A family of starfishes, of 
the order Asteroidea, of pentagonal shape, with 
slightly projecting arms, two rows of suckers, 
usually two rows of comparatively large mar- 
ginal plates, and the skeleton at least in part 
formed of rounded or polygonal ossicles. It in- 
cludes some particularly large and handsome 
species, known as cnsli ion-stars. 
goniatite (go'ni-a-tit), n. [< NL. Goniatites.'] 
A fossil cephalop'od of the family Goniatitidce. 
Goniatites (go'ni-a-ti'tez), 
n. [NL. (Haan, 1825), ap- 
par. an error toT*Gonialites, 
irreg. < Gr. yuvia, an angle, 
2570 
goniatitid (go-ni-at'i-tid), w. A member of the 
Goniatitidae (go"ni-a-tit'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Goniatites + -idle.} "A family of fossil cepha- 
lopods, typified by the gemis'Gouititilcit. 
goniatitinula (g6"ni-a-ti-tin'u-lii), n. ; pi. go- 
iiidlitiiiulie (-le). [NL'., < Ciiiiiiititin + -ina + 
-uhi.} The larval stage of development among 
ammonoids in which they resemble the adults 
of the Goniatitida: Hyatt, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., 1887. 
nidia, conidia) are produced, as in Mucor. 
goniometer 
The primordial cell should be referable cither to hypha 
or gonidium. E. Tuckerman, N. A. Lichens, Int. 
But after this confusion and the non-reproductive char- 
acter of Wallroth's gonidia had long been recognised, the 
expression was still retained in an altered sense for the 
Alga) of the Lichen-thallns, and with it the terms ironidial 
layer or gonimic layer (stratum gonimion), hynii/niul </<> 
mdia, and others of the same kind. 
De Bary, Fungi (trans.), p. 417. 
Hymenial gonidia, which are often very minute, and 
are present in the thalamium (destitute of paraphyses) of 
various PyrenocarpeL Encyc. Brit., XIV. 556. 
gonimia, . Plural of goftfowwn. 
gpnimic (go-nim'ik), a. [<gonim-ium + -ic.} Ke- 
;o gonimia; containing gonimia : as, the 
* tissue of Collcma. Also ijotihnoitx. 
not gelatinous, with a gonidial, ra 
Pertaining to, of tne nature of, or containing 
a gonidium : as, the gonidial grooves of a sea- 
anemone, serving to convey ova. 
The spores produced from the ostensible fructification 
in this Class are all non-sexual or gonidial, 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 318. 
Gonidial layer or stratum, in heteromerous lichens, the 
layer or stratum in which the gonidia are situated, next 
beneath the upper cortical layer. 
The colourable material in the Parmellce is found un- 
derneath the gonidial layer. 
W. L. Lindtay, Chemical Reaction in Lichens. 
gonidic (go-nid'ik), a. Same as gonidial. 
gonidimium (gon-i-dim'i-um), n.; pi. gonidimia 
(-a). [NL., < gonid(ium) + (gon)imium.} A go- 
nidioid cell that is smaller than a gonidium 
proper, and intermediate between a gonidium 
and a gonimium. Gonidimia occur in Peltigera and 
some other genera of lichens. To these also belong hyme- 
nial gonidia, which are often very minute, and are pres- 
ent in the thalamium. Also called leptogvnidium. See 
gonidium. 
Qreen cells gonidia rather than gonimia ; but \j lander 
takes them for intermediate between the two sorts go- 
nidimia, Nyl. E. Tuckerman, N. A. Lichens, i. 103. 
gonidiogenons (go-nid-i-oj'e-nus), a, [< go- 
nidium + Gr. -jfvw, producing: see -genous.} 
Producing or having the power to produce go- 
nidia. 
The origin of the first cortical gonidiogenoui cellules. 
Kncyc. Brit., XIV. 557. 
gonidioid (go-nid'i-oid), a. [< gonidium + -oid.'} 
Resembling the gonidia of lichens : said of cer- 
tain algae. 
Many of these forms are more or less similar to gonidi- 
vid algw. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 556. 
gonimium (go-nim'i-um), .; pi. gonimia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. yovtuo;, able to produce (cf. jov'of, 
generation, seed), < yiyveadai, jtvcadai, gener- 
ate, produce: see gonad. Cf. gonidium.} In 
lichenology, a gonidium that is not grass-green, 
but usually bluish-green. Gonimia are often ar- 
ranged in moniliform chains, and resemble algae of the 
family Nostochinece, with which they are believed by some 
lichenologists to be identical. Also called glaucogmi- 
dium. See gonidium. 
Gonimia (or the gonidial granules already mentioned), 
which are naked, pale greenish, glaucous greenish or blu- 
ish. Kncyc. Brit., XIV. 556. 
gonimous (gou'i-nius), a. [< gomm-iitm + -ous.} 
Same as gonimic. E. Tuckerman. 
gonioautcecious (go"ni-o-a-te'shius), a. [< Gr. 
yuvia, an angle, + avrorj, same, + okof, house.] 
In bryology, having both male and female in- 
florescence on the same plant, the former bud- 
like and axillary on a female branch. 
Goniobasis (go - ni - ob ' a - sis), n. [NL. , < Gr. 
yuvia, a corner, an angle, + iJaaif, base.] A 
large genus of teenioglossate holostomatous 
pectinibranchiate gastropods, of the family Me- 
laniida} and subfamily Strcpomatina; contain- 
ing most of the species of the latter. G. im- 
pressa is an example. 
Goniodes (go-ni-6'dez), n. [NL., < Gr. yuviu- 
ir/s, angular, < yuvia, an angle, + tirfof, form.] 
1. A genus of mallophagous insects, of the 
family Nirmidx (or Philopteridw), containing 
bird-lice. G. numidianm infests the guinea-fowl ; G. 
stylifcr, the turkey; G./alcicornin, the peacock ; G. colchi- 
cut, the pheasant ; G. gigas and G. dtstnmili* are found on 
the common hen. Kitzgch, 1818. 
f, a stone (see -lite).] 
A genus of fossil ammo- 
nites, giving name to the 
family Goniatitidas, having 
a discoid shell with angu- 
lated lobed sutures. 
Until some twelve years ago, 
Goniatites had not been found 
Goniatites hensltrwi. 
lower than the Devonian rocks; 
but now, in Bohemia, they have been found in rocks class- 
ed as Silurian. H. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 341. 
goniatitic (go'ni-a-tit'ik), a. Eesembling or 
related to the goniatites. 
a conidiophore. 
The Basidiomycetes are wholly asexual forms, their so- 
called fruit representing a complex yonidinphore. 
Nature, XXXV. 578. 
gonidiose (go-nid'i-6s), . [< yonidi-um + -ose.} 
Containing or provided with gonidia. 
Plants of some lower tribes, e. g., Graphidei and Verru- 
carise, in which the thallus is but sparingly gonidiost, and 
the life consequently is shorter. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 658. 
gonidium (go-nid'i-um), .; pi. gonidia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. yovi/, generation, seed, + dim. term, 
-/dioi'.] 1. In algol., a reproductive body pro- 
duced asexually, as a tetraspore or zoospore. 
By some authors the term is made to include also the 
asexual reproductive bodies of fungi and other crypto- 
gams, being in this sense synonymous with conidium, 
2. In bryol., a cell filled with granules. Brai- 
thicaite. 3. One of the green or chlorophyl- 
bearing elements of lichens, usually occurring in 
the thalli in a distinct layer, but sometimes not 
definitely arranged. They are usually variously round- 
ed cells, distinct or in chains or filaments, and multiply 
by fission. They were formerly supposed to be produced 
by the hyphse of the thallus at their tips ; but some recent 
observers hold that they are formed endogenously in all 
parts of the lichen and its fruit ; others believe that they 
originate entirely outside and independently of the lichen. 
The various forms of gonidia are found to resemble close- 
ly various forms of fresh-water alga. The Schwcndene- 
rian hypothesis asserts that the gonidia are algee, and that 
the fungoid pail of the lichen is a fungus parasitic upon 
them. Several forms have been named, as follows : (o) 
Kugonidia, or gonidia proper, those having a pure chloro- 
phyl-green color. They are subdivided into (1) haplogo- 
nidia, resembling Protoccui ; (2) platygonidia, depressed 
and variously membranously connected gonidia ; (3) chro- 
ulepnffonidia or chrysogomdia, which contain orange 
granules; (4) confervogonidia, resembling Confervas. (6) 
Gonidimia, smaller than gonidia proper, and intermediate 
between them and gonimia. They include hvmenial go- 
nidia. (c) Gonimia, which are glaucous-green or bluish. 
They include varieties named and characterized as fol- 
lows : (1) haplogonimia, large, simple, or in small groups ; 
(2) sirogonimia, which are scytonemoid or sirosiphoid, 
tunicated, and are characteristic of Ephebacei ; (3) hormo- 
tinnimia, the commonest form, which are smaller, in mo- 
nilifonn chains, are contained in syngonimia, and occur in 
ind n. I. a.'Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the Go- 
niodon tidai. 
II. n. OneoftheGoniodontidai; a loricariid. 
Goniodontes (go"ni-o-don'tez), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. yuvia, an angle, + b6oi'f (bnovr-) = E. 
tooth.} A family of nematognath fishes hav- 
ing slender angulated teeth : same as Lorica- 
riidoe. Agassiz, 1829. 
Goniodontidae (g6"ni-6-don'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Goniodontes + -idee.'] A family of nematog- 
nathous fishes : same as Loricariida;. 
Goniodorididae (go'ni-o-do-rid'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Goniodoris (< Gr. yuvia, an angle, + 
Doris, a generic name) + -ida-.} A family of 
Sea-lemon (Goniodoris Kodosa), eulargei). 
nudibranchiate gastropods, typified by the ge- 
nus Goniodoris, having a sessile or petiolated 
suctorial pharyngeal bulb. 
Goniognatha (go-ni-og'na-tha), n. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of goniognatnus : see goniognaflious.} 
A section of terrestrial pulmonate gastropods, 
having the jaw composed of several pieces ob- 
liquely joined together side by side. It in- 
cludes the family Ortlialicidtt. 
goniognathous (go-ni-og'na-thus). a. [< NL. 
goniognathtis, < Gr. yuvia, an angle, + yvaSof, 
jaw.] In conch., having a jaw composed of 
separate contiguous plates ; specifically, of or 
pertaining to the Goniognatha. 
Goniolepidoti (go^ni-o-lep-i-do'ti), n.pl. [NL., 
< Gr. yuvia, an angle, + \tmAttrott scaly, also 
the name of a fish, < /leTn'c (fam-), a scale. ] An 
order of fishes: an alternative name of 
Ganoidei. Agassiz. 
the 
midium. 
. 
for measuring solid angles, 
