Hand-Goniometer. 
goniometer 
planes, particu- 
larly the angles 
formed by the 
faces of crys- 
tals. A contact- or 
If/nrl goniometer 
consists of a gradu- 
ated circle or half- 
circle, with two 
arms movable 
about a center, and 
either attached or 
free. The edges of 
these arms are 
brought in close 
contact with the 
two surfaces, and 
the angle is then read off on the graduated arc. A re- 
fleeting goniometer consists of a graduated circle sup- 
ported in either a ver- 
tical or a horizontal 
position upon a stand, 
and provided, first, 
with a more or less 
elaborate arrangement 
for adjusting and cen- 
tering the crystal to 
be measured, so that 
the intersection edge 
shall be exactly in the 
axis of rotation of the 
circle, and, second, 
with one or (better) 
two telescopes ; in the 
latter case one serves 
to project a signal, as 
___ ^^^_^__^__ a hair cross, upon the 
''"'"LJ SUi- surface to be mea- 
I 0pt\ ***\ dured, and the other to 
IfaS? J ^%J^_ A observe this signal as 
reflected. The angle 
through which the 
graduated circle that 
is, the crystal must 
be revolved to make 
the signal visible, first from one plane and then from the 
other, is the supplement of the true internal angle be- 
tween the two faces. A contact-lever goniometer is pro 
vided with a graduated circle, like the last form, but a 
point connected with a delicate lever-system takes the 
place of the telescopes and eye to fix the position first of 
one and then of the other plane. 
goniometric, goniometrical (go*ni-o-met'rik, 
-ri-kal), a. [As goniometer + -ic-al.] Relat- 
ing to the measurement of angles __ Goniomet- 
rical line, the value of a trigonometrical function ex- 
pressed by a line of suitable length relative to an as- 
sumed radius. Goniometrical problem, a problem in 
trigonometry, to be solved analytically or synthetically 
Goniometric function. See function. ' 
2571 
The gonio-zi/gomatic index ... is 73.4 and 73 3 respec- 
tively in the Yasinese skulls. 
Anthropol. Jour., XVIII. 24. 
gonitis (go-ni'tis), . [NL., < Gr. yuvv, = E. 
knee, + -itis.] In pathol., inflammation of the 
knee-joint. 
gonne't, gonnent. Middle English preterits 
plural of (/in 1 . 
gonne 2 ,, n. A Middle English form of gun*. 
gonoblast (gon'6-blast), re. [NL., < Gr. yovof, 
generation, seed, sex (see gonad), + ftAaaraf, 
germ.] In biol., any cell which takes part in 
reproduction. 
gonorhynchid 
Gonoleptes (gon-o-lep'tez), n. Same as Gonv- 
Icptits. 
GonolobllS (go-nol'o-bus), n. [NL., < Gr. ytvof, 
seed, + Xo/33j, the 'capsule or pod of legumi- 
nous plants: see lobe.] An asclepiadaceous 
genus of twining or trailing perennial herbs or 
woody plants, including about 70 species, all of 
tropical and northern America. They have mostly 
cordate opposite leaves and dull or dark-colored flowers 
followed by follicles like those of Axclepias. Some tropi'- 
cal species referred to this genus have been used in medi- 
cine. 
-- gonoph,w. Seegoiiof. 
gonoblastic (gon-6-blas'tik), a. [< gonoblast SODOphore (gon'o-for), n. [< NL. gonophorus, < 
^r.yovof,seed, + -^6pof,<^Fpi:,t> E.bearl.] 1. 
In tot., a prolongation of the axis of a flower, 
bearing the stamens and pistil above the pe- 
rianth, as in Gynandropsis. 2. In soiil., one 
of the generative buds or receptacles of the re- 
Reflecting Goniometer. 
+ -ic.] Having the character of a gonoblast ; 
pertaining to a gonoblast. 
gonoblastidia, re. Plural of gonoblaslidium. 
gonoblastidial (gon"6-blas-tid'i-al), a. [< gono- 
blastidi-um + -al.] Pertaining to a gonoblas- 
tidium; blastostylar. 
gonoblastidion (gon"o-blas-tid'i-on), n. ; pi. 
gonoblastidia (-a). Same as gonoblastidium. 
gonoblastidium (gon*o-blas-tid'i-um), n. ; pi. 
gonoblastidia (-a). [NL., < Gr. y6vof, genera- 
tion, seed, 4- /3/laoTdV, 
germ, + dim. term. 
-idiov. ] In Hydrozoa, 
an offshoot or a pro- 
cess which bears the 
reproductive recep- 
tacles or gonophores, 
and the bunch of 
gonophores so borne. 
When it is branched, 
and the male and female 
gonophores are borne 
upon different branches, 
those bearing the former 
are called androphores, 
those bearing the latter 
OHUgkant, The gono- 
blastidium is called by 
Allman blastostyle. 
-SSSSSfSif 4S&S In Athorybia, groups of 
gynophore, *. and two androphores, gonopnores . . . are borne 
c. (Enlarged.) upon a common stem, and 
constitute a gonoblaxtidi- 
um. 1 he groups of male and female gonophores are borne 
upon separate branchesof the oonoblastidmm (androphores 
and gynophores). Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 130. 
. . 
goniometry (go-ni-om'e-tri), n. [As goniome- 
ter + -y.~\ The art of measuring solid angles. 
gonion (go'ni-on), n.; pi. gonia (-ft). [NL.. < 
Gr. yuvia, an angle, corner.] The angle of the 
lower jaw; the mandibular angle: chiefly used 
in craniology. See craniometry. 
Goniopholididae (go-ni-of-o-iid'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Goniopholis (-id-) +' -ida;.] A family 
of amphieoelous crocodilians, typified by the 
genus Goniopholis. The species are extinct. 
Goniopholis (go-ni-of'o-lis), n. [NL. (E. 
Owen), < Gr. yuvia, an angle, + 0oMj, a horny 
scale, as of reptiles.] A genus of fossil croco- 
diles with amphiccelous vertebrae: so called 
from the angular scales. G. crassidens is the 
Swanage crocodile, found in the parish of 
Swanage in England. 
Goniosoma (g6' / ni-o-s6'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. yu- 
via, an angle, + ao/ia, body.] 1. A genus of co- 
lubriform serpents, of the family Dendrophida;, 
or tree-snakes. G. oxycephalus is a large Bornese 
species, which attains a length of nearly 7 feet. 
2. A genus of arachnidans. 
goniostat (go'ni-o-stat), n. [<Gr. yuvia, angle, 
+ oraroc, verbal adj. of laraaBai, stand: see 
static.] A device for cutting the facets of dia- 
monds. 
Goniostomata (go'ni-os-to'ma-ta), re. pi. [NL., 
pi. of Goniostoma, < Gr. ywvia, an angle, + ar6/ut, 
mouth.] In De Blainville's classification (1825), 
one of five families of Paracephalophora, com- 
posed of the genera Solarium and Trochus, in a 
broad sense. 
goniotheca (go"ni-o-the'ka), ,.; pi. goniotheca; 
(-se). [NL., < Gr. yuvia, an angle, + 6r/iaj, a 
case.] In the botanical genus Selaginella and 
its allies, same as macrosporangimn. 
goniotropous (go-ni-ot'ro-pus), a. [< Gr. yuvia, 
an angle, + rpeiretv, turn.] In lot., quadran- 
gular, with two of the angles anterior and pos- 
terior, and the others lateral, in distinction from 
pleurotropous, where the sides occupy corre- 
sponding positions: applied to the stems of 
Selaginella, etc. 
goniozygomatic (go"ni-6-zi-go-mat'ik), a. [< 
NL. gonion + zygoma(t-) + -ic'.] Pertaining to 
the gonion and to the zygoma. See craniometry. 
gonocalyces, . Latin plural of gonocalyx. 
gonocalycine (gon-o-kal'i-sin), a. [< gonoca- 
lyx + -incl.] Having the character of a gono- 
calyx ; pertaining to a gonocalyx. 
gonocalyx (gon-o-ka'liks), re. ; pi. gonocalyxes, 
gonocalyces (-lik-sez, -kal'i-sez). [NL., < Gr. 
yovof, generation, seed, + Kafa>!-, acup.] Inzoo'L, 
the swimming-bell in a medusiform gonophore 
which is not detached. 
gonocheme (gon'o-kem), n. [< Gr. y6vo$, gen- 
eration, seed, + bxvfta, vehicle, < oxeiv, carry, 
hold, sustain, freq. of ex etv , hold, have: see 
hectic.] Alhnan's name of those medusas of 
hydrozoans which produce genitalia, as dis- 
tinguished from blastochemes, which produce 
buds. 
gonochorismal (gon"6-ko-riz'mal), a. [< gono- 
chorism-us + -al.] Pertaiuing"to gonochoris- 
mus. 
gonpchorismus (gon // o-ko-riz'mus), n. [NL-, 
< Gr. y6voc,, generation', sex, + xapiafio;, separa- 
tlon > < X u P<V a >, separate: see chorisis.] 1. In 
biol., separation of sex; sexual distinction. 2. 
In ontogeny, the assumption by a primitively 
indifferent generative organ of the characters 
of the male or female. 3. In phylogeny, the 
acquisition of distinct sex by different individ- 
uals of a group or species of animals which 
were before hermaphrodite or of neither sex. 
gonococCUS (gon-o-kok'us), ,; pi. gonococci 
(-si). [NL., < Gr. yuvof, generation, seed, + 
NL. Coccus, q. v.] A cell (coccus) of the mi- 
crococcus found in and among the pus-cells of 
the gonorrhea! discharge. 
Gonodactylus (gon-o-dak'ti-lus), . [NL. (La- 
treille), < Gr. y6w, = E. knee, + AkrfAof, finger: 
see dactyl.] A notable genus of stomatopodous 
crustaceans, related tvSquilla, but having the 
subchelate claw without teeth or spines. G. 
chiragra is an example. Their larv are among 
those called glass-shrimps. 
gonof, gonoph (gon'of), . [Said to be < Heb. 
gandbh, a thief, as used by German Jews in Lon- 
don. Regarded as a humorous term for gone- 
off, with an allusion similar to that in the name 
of the "Artful Dodger" in Dickens's story of 
" Oliver Twist."] A thief or an amateur pick- 
pocket. [Slang.] 
I am obliged to take him into custody ; he's as obstinate 
a young gonoph as I know ; he won't move on. 
Diclcene, Bleak House, xix. 
A, female gonophores of Athorybia rosacea on their common stem 
or gynophore : a, ovum ; , radial canals. B, male gonophore. C 
A female gonophores, enlarged : a, genital vesicle ; b, vitellus; c,c, 
radial canals ; d, canal of manubrial cavity. ( All magnified. ) 
productive elements in the hydrozoans or zoo- 
phytes. Allman. 
In its simplest condition the gonophore is a mere sac-like 
diverticulum, or outward process of the body wall. But, 
from this state, the gonophore presents every degree of 
complication, until it acquires the form of a bell-shaped 
body, called, from its resemblance to a Medusa or jelly- 
fish, a medusoid. Huxley, Anat. Invert, p. 116. 
3. In physiol., any accessory organ of genera- 
tion which serves to convey or detain the gen- 
erative products of the gonads or essential sex- 
ual organs of either sex. Oviducts and spermi- 
ducts of all kinds, as well as uteri, seminal vesi- 
cles, etc., are gonophores. 
gonophorus (go-nof 'o-rus), re.; pi. gonophori 
(-ri). [NL.] Same as gonophore. 
Gonoplacidse (gon-o-plas'i-de), re. pi. [< Gono- 
plax (-plac-) + -ida: ] A family of brachyurous 
decapod crustaceans, typified by the genus Go- 
noplax, having a quadrate or rhomboid cara- 
pace, of greater width than length. 
gonoplasm (gon'o-plazm), re. [< Gr. y6voc, seed, 
+ irAda/ja, anything formed, < irUaaeiv, form.] 
In Peronosporea;, that portion of the protoplasm 
of the antheridium which passes through the 
fertilization-tube and fertilizes the oosphere. 
Gonoplax (gon'o-plaks), re. [NL., for "gonio- 
plax, < Gr. yuvia, an angle, a corner, + irAdf, 
anything flat, a plane.] A genus of crabs, typi- 
cal of the family Gonoplacidai. G. angidatus 
is a European species. 
gonopod (gon'o-pod), . [< Gr. yAvoc, genera- 
tion, + TToif (trod-) = E. foot.] One of the ba- 
sal abdominal feet of certain male crustaceans 
which are specialized as auxiliary reproductive 
organs, as one of the pair of penes of a crab. 
A. S. Packard. 
gonopoietic (gon"o-poi-et'ik), a. [< Gr. y6vof, 
generation, seed, + Troii/rindf, productive : see 
poetic.] Giving rise to generative products, as 
ova and spermatozoa ; generative ; genital : as, 
the gonopoietic organs ; a gonopoietic process. 
Gonoptera (go-nop'te-ra), . [NL. (Latreille, 
1825), prop. "Gonioptera, < Gr. yuvia, an angle, 
+ irrtpov, wing.] The typical genus of Gonop- 
teridai. G. Ubatrix is an example, common to 
Europe and North America. 
Gonopteridse (gon-op-ter'i-de), re. pi. [NL., < 
Gonoptera + -idle.] A family of noctuid moths, 
named from the genus Gonoptera, including 
several important genera. Most of them are ex- 
otics, readily recognized by their singularly shaped wings 
whence the name. The number of legs of the caterpillar 
and the pectinatenesa of the antenna? have no value in this 
group, though affording good characters in other noctuids. 
Gonopteryx (go-nop'te-riks), re. Same as Go- 
nepteryx. 
gonorhynchid (gon-o-ring'kid), . A fish of 
the family GonorhyncJtirtii: 
