Gothical 
Gothical (goth'i-kal), a. [< Gothic + -at.] 
Same as Gothic. [Bare.] 
Gothicism (goth'i-sizm), n. [< Gothic + -ism.] 
1. A Gothic idiom. 2. Resemblance or con- 
formity to, or inclination for, the so-called 
Gothic style of architecture : a term generally 
used disparagingly. 
I am glad you enter into the spirit of Strawberry Castle ; 
it has a purity and propriety of Gotkicimn in it. 
Gray, Letters. 
3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness ; bar- 
barism. 
Night, Gothicism, confusion, and absolute chaos are 
come again. Shenstone. 
Without ranging myself among classics, I assure you, 
were I to print any thing with my name, it should be plain 
Horace Walpole ; Mr. is one of the Gothicisms I abomi- 
nate. Walpole, Letters, II. 322. 
Gothicize (goth'i-slz),i>. (.: pret. and pp. Gottii- 
cized, ppr. (jrothicizmg . [X Gothic + -ize."} To 
make Gothic ; hence, to render barbaric. Also 
spelled Gothicise. 
The language and manners of the higher ranks are not 
gothicized. Strutt, Queenhoo flail. 
They have lately gothicued the entrance to the Inner 
Temple-hall, and the library front. Lamb, Old Benchers. 
Gothish (gotli'ish), a. [< Goth + -ish^.~\ Like 
the Goths; hence, rude; uncivilized. [Bare.] 
gotiret, " [Anirreg. var. of guitar.] A guitar. 
Dames. 
Touch but thy lire, my Harrie, and I heare 
From thee some raptures of the rare gotire. 
Herrick, Hesperldes, p. 296. 
go-to-bed-at-noon (go'tij-bed'at-non'), n. The 
goafs-beard, Tragopogon pratensis: BO called 
from the early closing of its flowers. 
go-to-meeting (go'tij-me'ting), a. Proper to 
be worn to church; hence, best: applied to 
clothes. [Colloq. and humorous.] 
Brave old world she is after all, and right well made ; 
and looks right well to-day in her go-to-meeting clothes. 
Kingsley, Two Years Ago, xiv. 
I want to give you a true picture of what every-day 
school life was in my time, and not a kid-glove and go-to- 
meeting coat picture. 
T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, ii. 5. 
gouache (gwash), . and a. [P., water-colors, 
water-color painting, < It. guazzo, ford, puddle, 
splash, water-colors, < guazzare, stir, shake, 
agitate, ford, water (a horse), etc., =F. gdclier, 
temper, bungle, < OHG. wascan, G. waschen = E. 
wash: see wash, v.~\ I. n. 1. A method of paint- 
ing with water-colors mixed and modified with 
white, so as to be opaque and to present a 
dead surface. This process is much used in Italy to 
supply at a small price views of landscapes, ancient mon- 
uments, etc. It is well adapted to produce, in skilful 
hands, an excellent effect with little labor, especially 
when the observer is at some distance. The method is 
useful also for scenery in theaters and the like. 
2. Work painted according to this method. 
3. A pigment used in such painting. 
The Orientals paint, as it were, with translncld gouache; 
they lay on their tones with a vitreous fluid mixed with 
coloring matter. Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 660. 
II. a. Noting the method of painting known 
as gouache, or a work executed by that method. 
gouaree (go-a-re'), n. [E. Ind.] The Indian 
name for the Cyamopsis psoralioides, a stout, 
erect leguminous annual, cultivated generally 
on the plains of India. Its pods and seeds are 
used as an article of food. Also gowar. 
gouber (go'ber), n. Same as goober. 
goud 1 (goud), n. A Scotch form of gold. 
goud 2 t, n. [Appar. an error, repr. OF. gaide, 
waide, dial, vouede, mod. F. guede, woad, q. v.] 
Woad. 
gouf (gouf), v. t. and i. [Origin unknown.] To 
remove soft earth from under a structure, sub- 
stituting sods cut square and built regularly; 
underpin. [Scotch.] Imp. Diet. 
gouge (gouj or goj), n. [Formerly also googe; 
< ME. f/owge, < OF. gouge, a gouge, = Pr.gubio 
= Sp. gubia = Pg. goiva = It. gorbia, < ML. gu- 
via, gubia, also written gulvia, gulbia, a kind of 
chisel. Origin unknown ; perhaps (?) < Basque 
gubia, a bowl.] 1. A chisel with a longitudi- 
nally curved blade, used to cut holes, channels, 
or grooves in wood or stone, or for turning 
wood in a lathe. 2. In bookbinding, a gilders' 
tool intended to make the segment of a circle. 
3. A local name for a shell which gouges 
or cuts the foot when trodden on; specifically, 
in the Gulf of Mexico, a shell of the genus Pin- 
na or Vermetws. 4. A stamp for cutting lea- 
ther or paper. 5. In mining, the baud or layer 
of decomposed country rock or clayey mate- 
rial (flucan) often found x>n each side of a lode. 
163 
2583 
It is so called because it can be easily removed or gouged 
out with a pick, thus greatly facilitating the removal of 
the contents of the lode. See selvage and flucan. 
6. An effect of gouging; an excavation or a 
hole made by or as if by scooping out matter. 
[Colloq.] 7. An imposition ; a cheat; also, an 
impostor. [Colloq., U. S.] 
Another gouge was to charge the women a nominally 
cost price per spool for the thread furnished them, while 
as a matter of fact it was got wholesale from the manu- 
facturers for considerably less. The American, XIV. 344. 
gouge (gouj or goj), v. t. ; pret. and pp. gouged, 
ppr. gouging. [< gouge, n.] 1. To scoop out 
or turn with a gouge. 
I will save in cork, 
In my mere stop'ling, above three thousand pound 
Within that term ; by googing of them out 
Just to the size of my bottles, and not slicing. 
B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, ii. 1. 
Hence 2. To scoop or excavate as if with a 
gouge ; dig or tear out by or as if by a scooping 
action : as, to gouge a loaf of bread ; to gouge 
a hole in a garment. [Gouging out the eyes of an an- 
tagonist with the thumb or finger has been a practice 
among brutal fighters in some parts of both Europe and 
America, but is now probably rare everywhere. 
In these encounters [formerly in Norway] such feats as 
who could first gouge his opponent's eye out were included. 
. Bjornson, Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 648.] 
3. To cheat in a bold or brutal manner; over- 
reach in a bargain. [Colloq., U. S.] 
Very well, gentlemen ! gouge Mr. out of the seat, 
if you think it wholesome to do it. 
New York Tribune, Nov. 26, 1846. 
gouge-bit (gouj 'bit), n. A bit shaped like a 
gouge, with the piercing end sharpened to a 
semicircular edge for shearing the fibers round 
the margin of the hole. It removes the wood 
almost in a solid core. Also called shell-bit 
and quill-bit. 
gouge-chisel (gouj'chiz*'el), n. A chisel with a 
concave cutting edge ; a gouge. 
gouge-furrow (gouytnr"o), n. See furrow. 
gouger (gou' jer or go'jer), n. 1 . One who gouges 
or stabs. Dames. 2. An insect that gouges: 
applied to numberless insects, designated by 
some specifying term: as, the filum-gouger. 
3. The bow oar of a flatboat. [Mississippi river 
and tributaries.] 4. A cheat. [Colloq., U. S.] 
It is true there are gamblers and gougers and outlaws. 
Flint, Recollections of the Mississippi, p. 176. 
gouge-slip (gouj'slip), n. An oil-stone or hone 
for sharpening gouges or chisels. 
goujeerst, gOUjerest, [Also, corruptly, good- 
jere, goodyears, goodyear, etc., from an alleged 
OF. *goujere, supposed to be from OF. gouge, a 
soldier's mistress, a camp-follower, dial, gouye 
= Pr. gougeo, a girl. Cf. OF. goujat, a soldier's 
servant, in mod. F. hodman, blackguard. Ori- 
gin unknown.] Venereal disease : much used 
formerly, especially in the form goodyear, good- 
years, as a vulgar term of emphasis (like pox) 
without knowledge or thought of its meaning. 
goujon (go'jon), TO. [= F. goujon, a gudgeon : 
see gudgeon^.] The flat-headed or mud catfish, 
Leptops olivaris, a large fish of the United States 
interior waters, attaining a weight of 75 pounds. 
gouk (gouk), n. See gowk. 
goult, . and . See gowl. 
goulandt (gou'land), . Same &s gowlan, gowan. 
Pinks, goulands, king-cups, and sweet sops-in-wine. 
B. Jonson, Pan's Anniversary. 
Goulard water. See water. 
Gouldia (gol'di-a), . [NL. ; in def. 1, named 
for Augustus A. Gould, an American natural- 
ist (1805-66) ; in def. 2, named for John Gould, 
an English ornithologist (1804-81).] 1. A ge- 
nus of siphonate bivalve mollusks, of the fam- 
ily Astartida!. 2. A genus of humming-birds. 
gouldring (gol'dring), n. The yellowhammer. 
goule, ra. See ghoul. 
goulest, * See gules. 
gound 1 (gound), n. [Early mod. E. also gownd; 
< ME. gownde, < AS. gund, matter, pus, poison. 
Hence, in comp., with a disguise of the orig. 
form, groundsel, q. v.] .Gummy matter in sore 
eyes. [Prov. Eng.] 
gound 2 (gound), n. An obsolete or dialectal 
form of gown. 
goundy (goun'di), a. [E. dial., also gundy, 
gunny ; < ME. goundy, gundy ; < gound 1 + -y 1 .] 
Gummy or mattery, as sore eyes. [Prov. Eng.] 
gounet, n. See gown. 
goungt, . [Anobs.var. of gong 1 , gang.] Dung. 
No man shall bury any dung, or goung, within the lib- 
erties of this city, under paine of forty shilling. 
Stow, London (ed. 1633), p. 666. 
goupen, gowpen (gou'pn), . [Also written 
goupin, gouping ; < Icel. gaupn = Sw. gopen = 
gourd 
Dan. govn, both hands held together in the form 
of a bowl, a handful (ef. MLG. gcspe, gepse,TnG. 
giipse, gopsch, gepse, geps), = OHG. cow/ana, 
MHG. goufen, G. dial, ganf, dim. gaufel, the 
hollow hand.] 1. The hollow of the hand, or 
of the two hands held together; hence, a clutch 
or grasp. 
Hold me fast, let me not go, 
Or from your goupen break. 
Tom Linn (Child's Ballads, I. 270). 
2. A handful : as, a goupen o' meal. 
The multure was the regular exaction for grinding the 
nd 
The lock (signifying a small quantity), and the 
goupen, a handful, were additional perquisites demanded 
meal. 
goupen, 
by the Miller. Scott, Monastery, xiii., note 2. 
[Scotch in both senses.] 
[OUT, . See gaur 2 . 
l-roura (gou'rii), n. [NL. (Fleming, 1822), from 
a native name.] The typical genus of crown- 
Crown-pigeon (Goura caronata). 
pigeons of the Papuan subfamily Gourince. The 
best-known species is G. coronata. G. albertisi inhabits 
New Guinea, while G. victoria is found in the adjoining 
islands of Jobie and Misery. Also called Lophyrus, Mega- 
pelia, and Ptilophyrus. 
The singular genus Goura ... is outwardly distin- 
guished by its immense umbrella-like crest, and pos- 
sesses anatomical peculiarities which entitle it to stand 
alone as type of a subfamily or family. 
Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 663. 
gourami, n. See goramy. 
gourd (gord or gord), n. [< ME. gourd, gourde, 
goord, < OF. gourde, contr. of gouhourde, con- 
gourde (> D. kauwoerde), F. gourde and courge 
= Pr. cougourdo = It. cucuzza (ML. prob. abbr. 
*curbita, > OHG. churbiz, MHG. kurbiz, kiirbez, 
G. kurbiss, > Sw. kurbis, Icurbits = AS. cyrfet), 
< L. cucurbita, agourtl: see Cucurbita.'] 1. (of) 
Formerly, the fruit of one of the usually culti- 
vated species of various cucurbitaceous genera, 
including what are now distinguished as mel- 
ons, pumpkins, squashes, etc., as well as gourds 
in the present sense ; the plant producing such 
fruit. (6) Now, in a restricted sense, the fruit 
of Lagenaria vulgaris; the plant itself, in its 
several varieties. The fruit varies greatly in form, 
but is usually club-shaped, or enlarged toward the apex ; 
its hard rind is used for bottles, dippers, etc. Different 
varieties are known as bottle-, club-, or trumpet-gourd, or 
calabash. 
And there growethe a manor of Fruyt, as thoughe it 
weren Gowrdes. Mandeville, Travels, p. 264. 
Gourdes for seede til Wynter honge stille. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 114. 
2. A dried and excavated gourd-shell prepared 
for use as a bottle or dipper, or in other ways. 
I hope the squaw who owns the gourd has more of them 
in her wigwam, for this will never hold water again. 
J. F. Cooper, Last of the Mohicans, xxix. 
Dozens of gourds hang also suspended from the tops of 
long and leaning poles, each gourd the home of a family 
of martins. W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 183. 
3f. A gourd-shaped vessel ; hence, any vessel 
with a small neck for holding liquids ; a rough- 
ly shaped bottle, especially a flask carried by 
travelers or pilgrims. 
I have heer, in a gourde, 
A draught of wyn, ye, of a rype grape. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Manciple's Tale, 1. 82. 
4. pi. [A particular use of gourd, with ref. to 
their hollowness.] A kind of false dice, hav- 
ing a concealed cavity which affects the bal- 
ance. Seefullam, 1. 
What false dyse use they? as dyse stopped with quick- 
silver and heares, dyse of vauntage, flattes, gourds, to 
chop and chaunge when they liste. 
Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 60. 
