graff 
Cf. staff and stave.] 
dat.): see grave*. Cf. staff and stave.'} 1. A 
grave. [Scotch.] 
E'en as he is, cauld in his gra/. 
Burns, On a Henpecked Country Squire. 
I'll houk it a graff wi 1 ray ain twa hands, rather than it 
should feed the corbies. 
Blackwood's Mag., May, 1820, p. i. 
2f. A ditch or moat ; a canal. Also graft. 
Here we visited the engines and mills both for wind and 
water, draining it thro' two rivers or gra/s cut by hand, 
and capable of carrying considerable barges. 
Jlveli/n, Diary, July 22, 1670. 
graff- (graf), . [Early mod. E. also greff, griff; graftlf "(graft), n. 
< ME. graffe, also gryffe, < OF. greffe, F. greffe, The outwar a defen 
2591 grail 
The graffiti or wall-scribblings of Pompeii and ancient graft-hybrid (graft' hi" brid) 
Eome. Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 143. t rac t s and hybrid. 
2. In art. a scratching or scoring for the pro- 
duction of designs or effects. 3. A vessel of 
pottery decorated in graffito. Graffito decora- 
tion, a ki 
See the ex- 
It would appear that the two distinct species mentioned 
iilmvr |C'. pur/jurevn. Scop., and C. Laburnum, L.] became 
united by their cambium layers, and the trees propagated 
therefrom subsequently reverted to their respective pa- 
?3KSff&ZZSZi scratZ^ ProK a? OT^.'S'S S&S^^ 
matetial in anotntr LOIOI, dim rntn si Lucning or r O .,*h .. ....^,,it \ir itarwin olmcrvpa i,i:,v l,,- 
d of decoration executed by covering a surface, 
as of' stucco or plaster, of one color with a thin coat of a 
similar 
scoring througli the outer coat to show the color beneath. 
Graffito painting, a kind of decorative painting imi- 
tating the effect of lines deeply scored or scratched on a 
wall. Graffito ware, a kind of pottery with decoration 
in scratches. See incised ware, under ware.%. 
Same as graff*, 2. 
ice seemes to consist but in 4 towers, 
, may be 
character. Such a result, Mr. 
called a graft-hybrid. 
A graft-hybrid, that is, one produced from the united 
cellular tissue of two distinct species. 
Darwin, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 416. 
graft-hybridization (graft'hi"brid-i-za"shon), 
n. See hybridization. 
The cases above given seem to me to prove that under 
certain unknown conditions graft-hybritlixation can be ef- 
fected. Darwin, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 424. 
[Verbal n. of graft*, 
nserting a shoot or scion 
,. , ---, ,---., , . ., ,--. ---.. ~ , .- taken from one tree into the stem or some other 
< Gr. -ypai/ieiov, a style for writing with, a pen- shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree p ar t o f another, in such a manner that they 
as the stock which is to support and nourish it. -- J J * -*- ~* *' '-' '' ' j-~ 
very high, and an exceeding deepe graft with thick walls. 
**, Diar y> Jan - . 1646 - 
a particular use, in allusion to the shape of the 
slips, of OF. grafe, graffe, graifa, grefe, greffe, a 
style for writing with (cf. MD. grafle = Pg. graft 2 (graft), n. [A later and now the usual 
garfo, a graff; ML. graffioluni, graiiliiolum, LL. form of graff*, with excrescent t, prob. first in grafting (grafting), n. [? 
graphiolum, a small shoot or scion), < L. gra- the verb, where it prob. arose out of the pp. ,. ] i_ The act of insertir 
'/iltiitHt, ML. also grafium, graffium (> AS. grcef), graft for graffed: see graff*, v. t.} 1. A small taken from one tree into th( 
oil, < ypd<f>eiv, write : see graphic and grave*. In 
mod. E. usually graft : see graft*.} Same as 
graft*. 
The grafe is to be take amydde his tree. 
Palladiui, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 122. 
I have a staff of another oke graf. 
Robin Hood and the Tanner (Child's Ballads, V. 226). 
I took his brush and blotted out the bird, 
And made a Gardener putting in a gra/. 
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
graff 2 (graf), v. t. [Early mod. E. also greff; < 
ME. graffen (= MD. grefien), < OF. greffer, graff; 
from the noun. In mod. E. usually graft: see 
graft*.} 1. Same as graft*. 
In Marche as other thiuke 
He [pistachio] may be graffed in an Almauntree. 
Palladiui, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 194. 
And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall 
be graffed in ; for God is able to gra/ them in again. 
Horn. xi. 23. 
2. To incorporate; attach. 
Of those [houses] are Twelue in that rich Girdle greft 
Which God gaue Nature for her New-years-gift. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 4. 
graff 3 t, An obsolete variant of greave*, 
greave*. 
graffage (graf aj), . [< graff* + -age.} The 
scarp of a ditch or moat. 
To keep in repair the long line of boundary fence, to 
clean the yra/agen, clear out the moat-like ditches. 
Miss Mitford, Country Stories. 
graffer 1 (graf er), n. [< ME. graffere, greffere 
(Prompt. Parv.); < graff* + -er*.} One who 
grafts or grafts ; a grafter. 
graffer 2 (graf'er),. [< ML. grafarius, graffe- 
rius, also grefferius, after OF. greffier, a scribe, 
notary, < L. graphiarius, pertaining to a style 
for writing with, ML. as noun, a notary, < gra- 
phium, a style for writing with: see graff*.} 
In law, a notary or scrivener ; a greffier. 
Graffilla (gra-fil'a), . [NL., < Graff, a proper 
name, + dim. -ilia.} The typical genus of 
parasitic planarians of the family Graffillidce. 
G. mwricicola is found in the kidneys of gastro- 
pods of the genus Murex. 
Graffillidae (gra-fil'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Graf- 
filla + -id(e.} A family of parasitic planari- 
ans, typified by the genus Graffilla, and distin- 
guished from other Pharyngea by having no 
special pharyngeal sac. 
graffio (graf fi-o), . [It., a scratch: see graf- 
fito.} In art, a scratch Gratlio decoration, de- 
sign by scratches. See graffito decoration, under graffito. 
graffito (graf-fe'to), n.; pi. graffiti (-te). [It., 
a scribbling, < graffiare, scratch, scribble, claw, 
< ML. graph fare, graffiare, write, < graphiiim, 
graffium, a. style: see graff*. Cf. graffer*.} 1. 
In arehceol., an 
ancient scrib- 
bling scratch- 
ed, painted, 
or otherwise 
marked on a 
wall, column, 
tablet, or other 
surface. Graffiti 
abound on nearly 
all sites of ancient 
civilization, par- 
ticularly those un- 
der Roman domi- 
nation. They com- 
prise more or 
less rude sketches, 
names, sentences, 
and remarks of all 
kinds, like simi- 
lar modern scrib- 
nU,? S ',f !!,>, Yr C Graffito, from the Domus Gelotiana (Pal- 
Often of much ar- ace of , he C!esar5)i Rome . -The inscrip- 
chieological and tlon Iea d si AAEHAMENOC CEBETE 
historical impor- tpfBrnu] CEON (Alexamenos worships 
tance. [his] God). 
The graft and stock unite and become one tree, 
but the graft determines the kind of fruit. See 
grafting, 1. 
Yong &raftes grow not onelie sonest, but also fairest, 
and bring alwayes forth the best and sweetest frute. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 46. 
2. Figuratively, something inserted in or incor- 
porated with another thing to which it did not 
originally belong; an extraneous addition. 
The pointed arch was a graft on the Romanesque, Lom- 
bard, and Byzantine architecture of Europe. 
Encyc. Brit., II. 423. 
It seemed to them that some new graft might be set 
upon the native stock of the college. 
D. 0. Mitchell, Bound Together. 
Specifically 3. In surg., a portion of living 
tissue, as a minute bit of skin, cut from some 
part of an animal or person and implanted to 
grow upon some other individual or some other 
part of the same individual. 
graft 2 (graft), v. [A later and now the usual 
form of graff*: cf. graft*, n.} I. trans. 1. To 
insert, as a scion or graft, or a scion or graft of, 
into a different stock, for joint growth: as, to 
graft a slip from one tree into another; to graft 
the pear upon the quince. See grafting, 1. 
With his pruning-hook disjoin 
Unbearing branches from their head, 
And graft more happy in their stead. Dryden. 
2. To fix a graft or grafts upon; treat by the 
operation of grafting. 
By the faith of men. 
We have some old crab-trees here at home that will not 
Be grafted to your relish. Shak., Cor., ii. 1. 
Date-trees, amongst which there are two growing out of 
one stock exceeding high, which their Prophet forsooth 
grafted with his owne hands. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 271. 
Hence 3. To insert into or incorporate with 
something else ; fix upon something as a basis 
unite and produce fruit of the kind belonging 
to the tree from which the scion was taken. 
The methods of grafting are of great variety, designated 
by the words whip, splice, cleft, saddle, crown, etc. In 
whip-grafting, or tongue-grafting, the stock and scion, of 
Cleft- 
grafting 
Whip-grafting. 
equal size are fitted together by tongues cut in each, and 
tightly bound (whipped or lashed) until they are well unit- 
ed in growth. Splice-grafting is performed by cutting the 
ends of the scion and stock completely across in an oblique 
direction, in such a way that the sections are of the same 
shape, then laying the oblique surfaces together so that the 
one exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or 
otherwise. In cleft-grafting the stock is cleft down, and 
the graft, cut in the shape of a wedge at its lower end, is 
inserted into the cleft. In saddle-grafting the end of the 
stock Is cut in the form of a wedge, and the base of the 
scion, slit up or cleft for the purpose, is affixed. Crown- 
grafting, or rind-grafting, is performed by cutting the 
lower end of the scion in a sloping direction, while the 
head of the stock ia cut over horizontally and a slit is 
made through the inner bark ; a piece of wood, hone, 
ivory, or other such substance, resembling the thinned 
end of the scion, is inserted in the top of the slit between 
the alburnum and the inner bark and pushed down in order 
to raise the bark, so that the thin end of the scion may be 
introduced without being bruised ; the edges of the bark 
on each side are then brought close to the scion, and the 
or support : as, to graft a pagan custom upon whole JB bound with m atting and clayed. 
Christian institutions. 
Th' amazed Reaper down his sickle flings : 
And sudden Fear grafts to his Ankles wings. 
2. In carp., the joining of two piles or beams 
endwise; scarfing Grafting by approach. Same 
as approaching. 
Sylve,ter, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i!., The Magnificence. Q ra g &m bre ' ad> See 6rown breaa< ullde r bread*. 
, increase Inus (jr.^.^^ (gra'am-izm), . [< Graham (Syl- 
vester Graham, an American reformer and 
writeron dietetics (1794-1851)) + -ism.} Vege- 
tarianism. [IT. S.] 
Grahamiym was advocated and practiced by many. 
N. Y. Med. Jour., XI. 567. 
(gra'am-it), . [See ( 
r lves 
f 
' 
Book of Common Prayer, Collect for 7th Sunday after 
[Trinity. 
No art-teaching could be of use to you, but would 
rather be harmful, unless it was grafted on something 
deeper than all art. Sujikin, Lectures on Art, 68. 
4. In surg., to implant for growth in a different 
place, as a piece of skin. 5. Naut., to weave "A"f o llower of Sytveste'r Graham in respect to 
over with fine lines in an ornamental manner, diet;. a vegetarian. [U. S.] 
as a block-strap, ring-bolt, etc. Grafted bow. grahamite 2 (gra'am-it), n. [Named after ,T. 
fet" ?Conr!ecUcut, Sf 8.]' ra^rafTby approach'! in ham of Baltimore.] A bituminous mineral 
Aert, to inarch. resembling albertite, filling a fissure in the 
carboniferous sandstone in West Virginia, 
graid, graidly. Same as graith, graithly. 
grail H (gral), n. [< ME. grayle, grayel, grale = 
OD. gral, < OF. grael, greel, graal, greil, gree, a 
service-book (cf. qra'el, greal, a degree) (F. 
In her., divided chev- g ra( i ue i _ Pr. gp. Pg. gradual = It. graduale), 
'y. a . ] me , drawn . palewise < ML gr a a u ale, also gradale, a service-book, a 
gradual: seegradual, n., 2.] Same as gradual,^. 
Others do say that Oelasius ordained the grail to be had 
in the mass about the year of our Lord 490. 
J. Bradford, Works (Parker Soc., 1863), II. 30. 
In the Graduale, or Grail, was put whatever the choir 
took any part in singing, on Sundays or festivals, at high 
mass. Rock, Church of our Fathers, III. 11. 212. 
grail 2 (gral), H. [Early mod. E. grayle; < ME. 
graal (= MHG. gral, grazal, gresal, G. graal, 
H. intrans. To insert scions from one tree, 
or kind of tree, into another. 
The graffe and grayne is goode, but after preef 
Thou sowe or grafe. 
PoMaMvx, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), j 
, p. 5. 
grafted (grafted), p. a. 
ronwise and also by a 
from the top of the field to the point of the 
chevron; hence, divided into three pieces: 
said of the field. Also called party per pale 
and chevrons'. 
grafter (grafter), M. [< graft*, v., + -er*. Cf. 
the older form graffer*.} 1. One who grafts or 
inserts scions in foreign stocks ; one who propa- 
gates trees or shrubs by grafting. 
I am informed by trials of the most skilful grafters of 
these parts, that a man shall seldom fail of having cherries 
borne by his graft the same year. Evelyn. 
2. A saw designed especially for sawing off 
limbs and stocks preparatory to grafting. It 
has a narrow pointed blade and fine teeth. 
gral), etc., < OF. graal, greal, greail, greel, greil, 
also in the general sense grasal, F. dial, gra- 
zal, grazaii, grial, gran, gro = Pr. grazal = OCat. 
gresal = OSp. grial = Pg. gral, in ML. variously 
gradalis, gradale, grasale, grasala, a flat dish, a 
