2593 
Grallae 
intinq the act or process of producing an imita- [Graith with its derivatives was formerly very common ; 
tion of the color and arrangement of the grain or fillers it is now only dialectal, chiefly in the form graid or grade 
of wood; the appearance so produced, (c) The act of (graidly, etc.).) 
grinding lithographic stones together with fine sand to graith (grath), c. t. [< ME. gruttlien, grcitlicn, 
- i 
grain 
their cattle in the (/rains and hopes of the country on the 
south side of the Coquet, about U'ilkwood and Uidlees. 
llwlijson, Northumberland (1827), quoted in BIbton 
I Turner s Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 80. D *.--!- - o *^ 
. . . ,. , . , ,a antr \.\ Kive a certain mat or gram to the surface, (d) In leather- ,, ra ^ en grathen (pret. f/raitliede, etc., pp. graith- 
grain 3 (gran), v. and . A dialectal (beotch) , IMki , lfl< the artmcial markings on^ the surface^of a skin to ^ fitc ' a i so CO utr. (/ralcde, </raitd, etcf), < Icel. 
form of gronii. 
grainage (gra'naj), . [< grain 1 + -age.] 1. 
Duties on grain. 2. Aii old duty in London, 
consisting of a twentieth part of the salt 
imported by aliens. 3. In farriery, certain 
mangy tumors which sometimes form on the graining 2 (gra mug), 
legs of horses. 1. The fork of a tree. 
face, or a wrinkled or striated surface, on leather used for 
binding books. (/) In watch-making, a similar process 
applied to the surface of movements, etc. Gralning- 
colors. See color. 
n. [< grain* + -ing 1 .] 
[Prov. Eng.] 2. The 
tangle (= AS. yertedan, arrange, dispose, order, 
provide for, = Goth, garaidjan, enjoin), < greidhr, 
ready, free: see graith, n.] To make ready; 
prepare ; dress. [Obsolete or Scotch.] 
grain-alcohol (gran'al'ko-hol), n. See aleo- method or practice of taking fish with grains. 
hoi, 1. See</ra)i2. 
grain-binder (gran'bin'der), n. The binding graining 3 (gra'nmg), n. [Origin uncertain.] 
attachment of a harvester or reaper, for tying A cyprinoid fish, Leucisctts lancastrieims, towa.0. 
the gavels of grain into sheaves. See harvester, in England, especially in the Mersey and its 
grain-bruiser (gran'bro"zer), n. A mill for tributaries. 
crushing or cracking grain, used in preparing graining-board (gra mng-bord), n. Apiece ot 
feed for cattle ; a bruising-mill, it consists simply hard wood about a foot in length and 4 or 5 
of two iron rolls of different diameters, moving together inches in breadth, used in raising the grain ot 
to give a rubbing and crushing action to the grain which leather. The under side of it is somewhat curved in the 
passes between them. direction of the length, so that it is thickest in the mid- 
grain-car (gran ' kar), n. A box railroad-car dle Also called Appier. ,< onnrsp 
with tight inside doors, adapted for the trans- graining-plate (gra'ning-plat), n. A plate of 1BI cu 
portatiou of grain in bulk. Car-Builder's Diet. CO pper engraved with a pattern which is trans- r e '.'r 
grain-cradle (gran'kra"dl), . A cradle for ferred to damp leather by pressure, 
cutting grain. See cradle, n., 4 (/). graining-tool (gra'ning-tol), n. Same as grain- 
grain-door (gran'dor), . A close-fitting mov- er l > 2. 
able door on the inside of a box-car, by which grain-leather (gran'leTH'er), n. Dressed horse- 
the lower part of the door-opening is closed, hides, goatskins, sealskins, etc., blacked on the 
when the car is loaded with grain in bulk, to grain side for shoes, boots, etc. 
prevent leakage. Car-Builder's Diet. grain-mill (gran'mil), w, A mi 
grain-dryer (gran'dri"er), n. An apparatus grain; a grist-mill. 
for drying grain when from any cause it has grain-moth (gran'mdth), . 1. Asmalltineid 
become damp, and to prepare it for shipment, moth, Tinea granella, whose larvse or grubs de- 
Many different forms of dryers are employed, as convey- vour grain in granaries. These moths have nar- 
25 SHM?8nTOfi% -W, nged wings of a satiny luster - 2 The 
keep the grain in constant motion, and to expose it in thin fly-weevil, Geleclaa cerealella. [bout! nU.b.J 
films or streams to currents of heated air. Similar ma- 
chines are used to dry spent malt. 
graine (gran), . [F., a seed, grain : see grain 1 .] 
The eggs of the silkworm. 
The eggs of the silkworm, called graine, are hatched 
out by artificial heat at the period when the mulberry 
leaves are ready for the feeding of the larvae. 
He bad greithe his char f ul hastily. 
Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 604. 
, . 
A mill for grinding 
Leppe fourth, late vs no longer stande, 
But smertely that oure gere wer grayde. 
York Plays, p. 193. 
Gowden graith'd his horse before, 
And siller shod behind. 
Young Waters (Child's Ballads, III. 89). 
(grath), n. [< ME. graith, graythe, 
'greythe, < Icel. greidhi, preparation, arrange- 
ment, < greidha, prepare, arrange, < greidhr, 
ready: see graith, v.] If. Preparation; ar- 
rangement; manner of doing a thing; the 
e. 
, loue the graith thou me telle, 
Of what myddelerde man myste y best lerne 
My Crede? Piers Plowman's Crede (E. E. T. S.), 1. 34. 
2. Apparatus of whatever kind, for work, for 
traveling, etc. ; furniture ; equipment. [North. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
Then up got the baron, and cried for his graith. 
Baron of Brackley (Child's Ballads, VI. 190). 
Go dress you in your graith, 
And think weill, throw your hie courage, 
This day ye sail win vassalage. 
Sir D. Lyndsay, Squyer Meldrum. 
Klding-graith, equipments for a horseman and his horse. 
To lift one's graith, in mining, to collect one's tools ; 
throw up one's employment and leave the mine. 
__ o counting machine used in elevators for 
weighing grain of all kinds and recording the 
total amount weighed. 
grainsman (granz ' man), n. ; pi. grainsmen 
grained (grand), p. a, 
Rough ; roughened. 
Though now this grained face of mine be hid 
In sap-consuming winter's drizzled snow. 
Shak., C. of E., v. 1. 
2f. Dyed in grain; ingrained. 
Thou turn'st mine eyes into my very soul ; 
And there I see such black and grained spots, 
As will not leave their tinct. Shak., Hamlet, ill. 4. 
3. Painted as having a grain. 4. Formed or 
Eneyc Brit. XXII. 58. (-men). One who uses grains to strike fish. 
[Pp. of grain 1 , v.] If. Sin-soap (%?' sd $>^ In f^:ff^l 
soap 
dition so that it will scarce- 
Heo grauntede then to ben at his grace, 
And sone aftur that gretnede that greithli mayde. 
Joseph of Arimathie (E. E. T. S.), p. 4. 
2. Orderly; proper; decent. [Prov. Eng., in 
the form graidly, gradely.] 
iraithlyt (grath'li), adv. [Also E. dial, graid- 
ly, gradely; < ME. graithly, graithlich, greithli, 
grethli, grathely, graidly, greidly ; < graith, a., + 
-ly 2 .] Readily; speedily. 
This a grete of the Grekes graidly beheld, 
Had meruell full mekyll, macchet hym to Ector. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 8612. 
Whan this worme had went wislich aboute, 
-staff 
with a pair of short tines at the end. HalUwell. 
2. The bough of a tree. Grose. [Prov. Eng.] 
grain-tin (gran'tin), n. In mining, the purest 
and finest white tin, smelted with charcoal, 
which never had any brood or foreign admix- 
_. ture in the mine. Pryce, 1778. [Cornwall.] 
divided into grains or small particles. 5. In grain-tree (gran'tre), . In her., a plant rep- graithnesst, n. [ME. graithnes; (graith, a., + 
6o.,havinggram-liketuberclesorprominences, resented with large green leaves and bunches . ness _] Readiness; skill. 
of red berries at the top, taken as emblematic 
of the plant from which the grains called kermes 
were supposed to come : used as a bearing, as 
by the Dyers' Company of London. 
Hee wolde haue gliden in againe graithlich & soone. 
Alisamider of Macedoine (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1012. 
as the sepals in some species of Rumex. 6. 
Characterized by a fibrous texture or grain. 
Let me twine 
Mine arms about that body, where against 
My grained ash an hundred times hath broke, 
And scar'd the moon with splinters ! 
Shak., Cor., iv. 5. 
Grained leather. Same as grain-leather. 
grainelt, n. [Cf. Sc. girnel; var. forms of grain- 
er, granary, etc.] A granary. Nares. 
Your graithnm may gretly the grekes auaile. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4509. 
akle (grak'l), n. See grackle. 
: -~,n. pi. [L., stilts, pi. of "gralla. 
wjr ULIO j^juio ^/um^/u^j ~- - uTalloc (S"ai G),n.l>l. [_u., suits, pi. ui yrwMj 
grain-weevil (gran'we'vl), w. Arhynchopho- con t r . of *r/wHa,< </radi, go, walk: seegrade 1 .] 
_^,. r . nA 1 nA <-.-... in f.-** n-njtiit i-nvfl^ nf rha cra-mia - . -. -r- . i . i__*__a ii 
rous coleopteran or snout-beetle of the genus 
Calandra (or Sitophilus) and family Calandrida, 
which injures stored cereals. See Calandra, 2, 
and weevil. 
1. The fourth Linnean order of birds; the 
grainer 1 (gra'ner), I.One'whopaintsinimi- grain-wheel (gran hwel), n. The outer sup- 
tation of the grain of wood. 2. The peculiar porting wheel at the end of the nnger-bar ot a 
brush or toothed instrument which a painter harvester. See harvester. 
employs in graining. Also called graining-tool. grainy (gra'ni), a. [< grami 
' m full of kernels. 
+ -0 
1 ull of 
3. A lixivium obtained by infusing pigeons' grains or com 
dung in water, used by tanners to give flexibil- We watched the emmet to her grainy nest. 
ity to skins. 4. A knife used by tanners and gjajpl (grap), v. 
skinners for taking the hair off of skins. 
grainer 2 t, [Cf. graner, granier ; var. forms 
of garner, granary.] A garner. Davies. 
He wyll brynge the wheate into hys barne or grayner. 
Bp. Bale, Enterlude of Johan Bapt., 1538 
[(Harl. Misc., 1. 110). 
grainering (gra'ner-ing), n. [< grainer 1 , 3, + 
-ing 1 .] Same as bating 3 . 
grainery (gra'ner-i), n. ; pi. graineries (-iz). [< 
grain + -ery ; an accom. form of granary.'] A 
granary. [Rare.] 
The houses consist ... of the grainery, where we keep 
the rice . . . [and] the Indian corn, etc. 
Livingstone's Life Work. 
graining 1 (gra'ning), n. [Verbal n. of grain 1 , 
v.] The act or process of producing a grain or 
a grained or fibrous appearance on the surface 
of a material ; the appearance so produced. 
Specifically (o) The milling of a coin. 
Mr. Lowndes tells us that the engines which put the let- 
ters upon the edges of the large silver pieces, and mark the 
edges of the rest with a graining, are wrought secretly. 
Locke, Further Considerations concerning Money. 
It is called by some the unmilled guinea, as having no 
graining upon the rim. Leake. 
Rogers. 
A Scotch form of grope. 
graip 2 (grap), n. [= Sw. grepe = Dan. greb, a 
dung-fork; <sf. graip 1 , v.~\ Adung-fork. [Scotch.] 
The graip he for a harrow tak's. Burns, Halloween. 
Graip!. . . That is what we call a three- or four-pronged 
fork in my country. 
Oeo. MaeDonald, Warlock o 1 Glenwarlock. 
graith (grath), a. [Also E. dial, graid, grade; 
< ME. graith, grcith, grayth, < Icel. greidhr, 
ready, free (= Goth, garaids, exact, = AS. ge- 
raide, ready, prompt), also (without prefix) 
Icel. reidhr = AS. rade = OSw. reda = Dan. 
rede, ready: see ready.] 1. Ready; prepared. 
[Now only prov. Eng. and Scotch, chiefly in the 
form graid, grade.] 
Of his cosyns he cald kyde men two : 
On Glaucon, a gome that gratthe was in arrays. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 6084. 
2. Straight ; direct ; free. [Obsolete or prov. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
Wallace mycht nocht & graith straik [stroke] on him get. 
Wallace, iv. 76, Ms. (Jamieson.) 
So loue ys lech of lyue and lysse of alle peyne, 
And the graffe of grace and iji-ai/thest wey to heuene. 
Piers Plowman (C), ii. 201. 
Gratia. i, Stork ; 3. Heron ; 3, Crane. 
waders, including forms now dispersed in sev- 
eral orders. 2. In Merrem's classification, the 
larger and chiefly altricial grallatorial birds, 
such as herons, ibises, storks, and spoonbills, 
and also praeeocial forms, such as the cranes. 
3. An ordinal or other group of wading 
birds, variously restricted. The term has been 
transmitted from a former stage of ornithology, and no 
one has succeeded in defining it with precision. I 
often discarded, the waders that had been placed in it 
being then distributed in three groups, called Limiculce, 
the pitecocial shore-birds ; Uerodiones, the altricial waders, 
as herons storks, and ibises ; and Alectorides or Paludico- 
Im the pnecocial wading birds, like cranes, rails, and their 
allies. When the name Grallce is retained, it usually cov- 
ers the first and third of these groups, and may be briefly 
said to correspond to the prsecocial wading birds. Inese 
