graminiform 
graminiform (grfi-mm'i-form), n. [< L. gramrn 
(gram/it-), grass, + forma, shape.] Resembling 
grass. 
graminite (gram'i-mt), n. [< L. grnmcii (gra- 
miii-), grass, + -itc 2 .] A grass-green mineral, 
a hydrated silicate of iron, allied to chloropal. 
graminivorous (gram-i-niv'o-rus), n. [< L. gra- 
men (gmniin-), grass. + rnrare, eat, devour.] 
Feeding or subsisting on grass: said of oxen, 
sheep, horses, etc. 
A willow-pattern sort o' man, voluble but harmless, a 
pure herbivorous, nay, mere graminivorous creature. 
Carlyle, quoted in New Princeton Rev., II. 5. 
graminology (gram-i-norp-ji), n. [X L. gramen 
(gramin-), grass, + Gr. -Aoyia, < fayeiv, speak: 
see -ology.] A treatise on the grasses; the bo- 
tanical science of grasses. 
grammalogue (gram'a-log), . [Irreg. < Gr. 
ypdfifia, a letter, + A6yof, a word.] Inphonog., 
a word represented by a single sign (a logo- 
gram), usually the principal consonant: as, it, 
represented by | (that is, t). I. Pitman. 
grammar (gram'ar), n. [Early mod. E. also 
grammcr ; < ME. grammere, usually with one 
in, gramer, gramere, gramour, sometimes gram- 
ary, gramery, gramory, < OF. gramaire, later 
and mod. F. grammaire, f., grammar (cf. gra- 
maire, m., a grammarian), = Pr. gramaira, 
gramairia, a popular form based on a ML. type 
*gratmaria, f., not found, the proper L. and 
ML. form being grammatica, grammatlce (> It. 
Pg. grammatica = Sp. gramdtica = OF. gratna- 
tique), < Gr. ypafi/tariKJ/ (sc. re^vr/, art), grammar, 
learning, criticism, fern, of ypa^jarindf, pertain- 
ing to or versed in letters or learning, < ypd/ipa, 
that which is drawn or written, a letter, writ- 
ing, pi. ypa.fi/iara, the letters, the alphabet, the 
rudiments, in writing, letters, learning. < ypdQeiv, 
draw, write: see gram 2 , graphic, grave^. Under 
the term grammar were formerly included, more 
or less vaguely, almost all branches of learning, 
as based on the study of language ; and from 
this sense of 'learning' it came to imply pro- 
found or occult learning, and hence ' magic, en- 
chantment,' in which sense the word is found 
in the variant forms gramary, gramery, etc., and 
glamery, glamer, glamour, etc.: see gramary and 
glamour. See also glomery, another var., in the 
lit. sense.] 1. A systematic account of the 
usages of a language, as regards especially the 
parts of speech it distinguishes, the forms and 
uses of inflected words, and the combinations 
of words into sentences; hence, also, a similar 
account of a group of languages, or of all lan- 
guages or language in general, so far as these 
admit a common treatment. The formerly current 
classification of the subjects of grammar as fivefold, name- 
ly, orthography, orthoepy, etymology, syntax, and prosody, 
is heterogeneous and obsolescent. The first and last do 
not belong really to grammar, though often for conve- 
nience included in the text-books of grammar; orthoepy is 
properly phonology or phonetics, an account of the sys- 
tem of sounds used by a language and of their combina- 
tions ; and etymology is improperly used for an account of 
the parts of speech and their inflections. See these words. 
Abbreviated gram. 
Gramer for gurles [young people] I gon furste to write, 
And beot hem with a baleys but gif thei wolde leruen. 
Piers Plowman (A), xi. 181. 
I can no more expoune in this matere : 
I lerne song, I can but smal gram-mere. 
Chaucer, Prioress's Tale, 1. 84. 
Remember ye not how in our own time, of al that taught 
grammar in England, not one understode y Latine tongue? 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 723. 
Concerning speech and words, the consideration of them 
hath produced the science of Grammar. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 235. 
2. Grammatical statements viewed as the rules 
of a language to which speakers or writers must 
conform; propriety of linguistic usage; accept- 
ed or correct mode of speech or writing. 
Grammar is the art of true and well speaking a language : 
the writing is but an accident. 
B. Jonson, English Grammar, i. 
"Varium et mutabile semper femina" is the sharpest 
satire that ever was made on woman; for the adjectives 
are neuter, and "animal" must be understood to make 
them grammar. Dryden. 
3. A treatise on grammar. Hence 4. An ac- 
count of the elements of any branch of know- 
ledge, prepared forteachingor learning; an out- 
line or sketch of the principles of a subject : as, 
a gram mar of geography ; a grammar of art. 5. 
The formal principles of any science ; a system 
of rules to be observed in the putting together 
of any kind of elements. 
The young poet may be said U> have reached the plat- 
form of literary maturity while he was yet learning the 
yrammai' of painting. W. Sharp, D. G. Rossetti, p. 31;>. 
2605 
Comparative grammar, grammatical treatment of a 
number of languages, comparing their phenomena in or- 
der to derive knowledge of their relations and history or 
to deduce general principles of language. 
grammart (gram'iir), r. i. [= OF. i/m ntiiirci-, 
grnmari'r, truck grammar; from the noun.] To 
discourse according to the rules of grammar. 
She is In her 
Moods and her tenses : I will grammar with you. 
And make a trial how I can decline you. 
Beau, and Fl. t Laws of Candy, ii. 1. 
grammarian (gra-ma'ri-an), n. [< ME. gnuiKi- 
ryone (Prompt. Parv.) ; ( F. gniiiimairieii = Pr. 
gramayrian; as grammar + -tan.] 1. One 
versed in grammar or the structure of lan- 
guage ; a philologist. 
I do not demand a consummate grammarian; but he 
|the tutor] must be a thorough master of vernacular or- 
thography, with an insight into the accentualities and 
punctualities of modern Saxon, or English. 
Lamb, Elia, p. 346. 
2. One who writes upon or teaches grammar. 
grammarianism (gra-ma'ri-an-izm), n. [< 
grammarian + -ism.] The principles or use 
of grammar; specifically, a pedantic observ- 
ance of the rules of grammar. [Rare.] 
grammar-school (gram'ar-skol), n. [< ME. 
grammerscholc, gramerscole; < grammar + 
school. Cf. glomery. ] 1. A school for teaching 
grammar ; originally, a school for teaching Lat- 
in, which was begun by committing the gram- 
mar to memory. Grammar-schools were the succes- 
sors of the cathedral and cloister schools, and in early 
times were established by endowment in most of the prin- 
cipal towns of England. Latin and Greek were the chief 
subjects of instruction, and the schools became places of 
preparation for the universities. 
At thys present tyme there be ij. prestos ; where-of the 
one seruyng the cure, and the other teaching a grammer- 
ichole. English QUds (E. E. T. S.), p. 260. 
Thou hast most traitorously corrupted the youth of the 
realm, in erecting a grammar-school. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iv. 7. 
All the grammar schools tin 1835] belonged to the Church 
of England; sons of Nonconformists were, therefore, ex- 
cluded, and had to go to the private school. 
W. Bemnt, Fifty Years Ago, p. 154. 
Hence 2. In the system of graded common 
schools in the United States, the grade or de- 
partment in which English grammar is one of 
the subjects taught. The more common practice 
recognizes primary, grammar, and high schools; some- 
times the division is into primary, intermediate, grammar, 
and high schools. 
After passing through the primary grade, . . . the pu 
pil (in the United States] enters the grammar schnol. The 
time required to pass through these two grades averages 
about eight years. At this point the education of many 
pupils ceases, while others continue through the high 
schools. Amer. Cyc., VI, 424. 
grammatest, P 1 - [< ML. grammata, < Gr. 
ypdfifiara, letters, the alphabet, pi. of ypd/i/ta, a 
letter: see gram 2 , grammar. ~] The alphabet; 
elements, first principles, or rudiments of a 
branch of learning. 
These apish boys when they but taste the grammates 
And principles of theory, imagine 
They can oppose their teachers. 
Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3. 
grammatic (gra-mat'ik), a. [< OF. grama- 
tique, grammatique, a. and n., = Sp. gramdtico, 
a. and n., = Pg. It. grammatico, n. (cf. AS. 
gramatisc = G. grammatiscJi), (. L. grammaticus, 
< Gr. ypa/t/iuTtK6f, pertaining to or versed in 
letters or grammar (as a noun, Gr. ypa/j/iarin6i;, 
L. grammaticus, a grammarian, ML. also a 
scribe, notary), < ypa/ifta, a letter, pi. ypa.jifia.Ta, 
letters, learning : see grammar.] Of or per- 
taining to grammar, or the structure of a lan- 
guage or languages ; structured as regards lan- 
guage. 
So that they have but newly left those grammatic flats 
and shallows, where they stuck unreasonably to learn a 
few words with lamentable construction. 
Milton, Education. 
To judge from their lexical and grammatic character, 
the [Maya] dialects [of Guatemaltec] have evolved in the 
following historic order from the parent language. 
Science, III. 794. 
grammatical (gra-mat'i-kal), a. [= D. gram- 
matikaal, < F. grammatical = Pr. Sp. Pg. gra- 
maticnl = It. grammatical (cf. G. grammatika- 
lisch, Sw. i/rammatikalisk, Dan. grawtmatikalak); 
as grammatic + -al.] 1. Of or pertaining to 
grammar: as, a grammatical rule, error, ques- 
tion, distinction, etc. 2. Conforming to or in 
accordance with the rules of grammar: as, a 
grammatical sentence Grammatical accent, in 
music. See accent, 8 (a). 
grammatically (gra-mat'i-kal-i), orfc. In a 
grammatical manner, or according to the prin- 
ciples and rules of grammar ; as regards gram- 
mar or the structure of language. 
grampus 
They do not learn the C'optic language grammatically. 
K. W. Liim; Minimi Egyptians, II. 318. 
grammaticalness (gra-mat'i-kal-ues), . The 
quality or state of being grammatical, or ac- 
cording to the rules of grammar. 
grammaticaster (gra-mat'i-kas-ter), n. [< 
ML. grammatieatter, a scribe, notary, < L. 
gi'iimmaticus, a grammarian (see grinnmatic), + 
dim. term, -dater.] A potty or pitiful gram- 
marian; one who insists upon the minutest 
grammatical niceties. 
He tells thee true, my noble neophyte; my little gram- 
maticaster, he does. B. Jonson, Poetaster, 1. 1. 
I have not vexed language with the doubts, the remarks 
and eternal triflings of the French grammaticasters. 
llymer. 
grammaticationt (gra-mat-i-ka'shon), n. [< 
grammatic + -ation.] A rule or principle of 
grammar. 
A language of a philosophical institution, . . . free from 
all anomaly, equivocalness, redundancy, and unnecessary 
yrammatications. Dalgarus, Didascalophos, p. 52. 
grammaticise, v. See grammaticize. 
grammaticism (gra-mat'i-sizm), n. [< gram- 
matic + -imii.] A point or principle of gram- 
mar. 
If we would contest grammaticitrms, the word here is 
passive. Leighton, On 1 Pet. ii. 25. 
grammaticize (gra-mat'i-siz), r,. ; pret. and pp. 
grammaticized, ppr. grammaticizing. [< gram- 
matic + -ize.] I. trans. To render grammati- 
cal. 
I always said, Shakspeare had Latin enough to gram- 
maticise his English. Johnson, in Boswell, an. 1780. 
II. iutrans. To display one's knowledge of 
grammar. 
Grammaticizing pedantically and criticising spuriously 
upon a few Greek participles. 
Bp. Ward, Mystery of the Gospel, p. 44. 
Also spelled grammaticise. 
grammatist (gram'a-tist), . [= F. gram- 
matiste = Sp. gramaiista = It. grammatista, < 
ML. grammatista, < Gr. ypa/i/janar^c, one who 
teaches letters, < ypa/tfUH%eai (> ML. gram- 
matisare), teach letters, < ypd/i/iara, letters, 
rudiments: see grammar.] A grammarian. 
[Rare.] 
grammatite (gram'a-tit), n. [< Gr. ypd/j[ia(r-), 
a letter, line (see gram 2 ), + -ite 2 ; in reference 
to the lines on its crystals.] Same as tremo- 
lite. 
grammatolatry (gram-a-tora-tri), . [< Gr. 
ypd[t[ia(T-), letter (see gram 2 }, + Aarpcia, ser- 
vice, with allusion to idolatry.'] The worship 
of words ; reverence for literalism ; in a fig- 
urative sense, concern for the letter with dis- 
regard of the spirit. 
The worship of words is more pernicious than the wor- 
ship of images : grammatolatry is the worst species of idol 
atry : ... the letter killeth. 
R. D. Owen, Debatable Land, p. 145. 
G-rammatophora (gram-a-tof'o-ra), n. [NL., 
< Gr. ypd/i/ia(T-), letter (see gram 2 ), + -tjtopof, 
-bearing, < Qepeiv = E. bear 1 .] 1. A genus of 
lizards; the grammatophores. Dumeril and Sib- 
ron. 2. A genus of geometrid moths. Stephens, 
1829. [Disused.] 
grammatophore (gra-mat'o-for), n. [< Gram- 
matofiliora.] A book-name of the Australian 
muricated lizard. 
gramme, . See gram 2 . 
grammet-iront (gram'et-i"ern), n. Same as 
gromct-iron. 
grammopetalous (gram-o-pet'a-lus), a. [< Gr. 
ypafiftf/, a stroke or line (^ ypdfaiv, draw, write), 
+ TrfraAoi', a leaf (petal).] In bot., having lin- 
ear petals. Imp. IHct. 
gramophone (gram'o-fon), n. [< Gr. ypd/i/ta, a 
letter, + ijtuvt/, a sound.] An instrument for 
permanently recording and reproducing sounds 
by means of a tracing made on the principle of 
the phonautogram and etched into some solid 
material . A clean metallic or vitreous surface is covered 
with a delicate etching-ground, and upon this is traced a 
phonautographic record ; the surface is then subjected to 
the action of an etching-agent, which eats the record-lines 
into it. (See phonautograph.) From these etched lines the 
sound is reproduced by means of a stylus attached to any 
sonorous body. The instrument was invented by E. Ber- 
liner. 
grampellt, " [( K. grampella, a sea-crab.] A 
kind of crawfish. Florio. 
grampus (gram'pus), n. [In the 17th century 
spelled granijianse and (accom. to L.) grand- 
pisces, pi.; ME. grapas, grapeys, grappays, for 
'grnnpays; < Sp. grand pez = Pg. gran peixe 
= It. gran pesce, a grampus, lit. 'great fish,' < 
