grange 
tion for the promotion of the interests of agri- 
culture. The special objects of the order are the re- 
moval of the restraints and burdens imposed on agricul- 
ture by the commercial classes, the railroad and canal 
companies, etc., and the avoidance of the expense caused 
by the middlemen or agents who intervene between the 
producer and the consumer. The association originated 
at Washington in 1887, and has spread over the whole coun- 
try, but is most numerous in the northwestern States. 
There are local and State granges and a national grange. 
Women are admitted to membership. 
We quite admit, in view of the farmers' granges in Illi- 
nois and Wisconsin, . . . that the design to fix the price 
at which one's own labor shall be sold is just as common 
in the Great West as in Europe. 
T. Hughe*, quoted in Hinton's Eug. Radical Leaders, p. 119. 
The organization therefore is maintained for social and 
economic purposes, and no grange can assume any politi- 
cal or sectarian functions. Ainer. Cyc., IX. 89. 
granget (granj), v. t. [< grange, n.] To farm, 
as revenue or taxes. 
This rumanry of causes I am daily more and more ac- 
quainted with, and see the manner of dealing, which 
cometh of the Queen's straitness to give these women, 
whereby they presume thus to grange and truck causes. 
Birch, Queen Elizabeth, I. 354. 
granger (gran'jer), . and a. [Formerly also 
yraumjer ; < OF. grangier, granger, a farmer, 
bailiff, < grange, a grange : see grange.] I. n. 
If. A farm-steward or -bailiff. 
Unlesse this proportion and quantitfe of mucke be gath- 
ered, plaine it is, that the graunger or maister of husban- 
drle hath not done his part, but failed in littering of his 
cattell. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xviil. 23. 
2. A member of a farmers' grange for the ad- 
vancement of the interests of agriculture. See 
grange, n., 4. 
The time has now come when the Granger can be looked 
upon as a phenomenon of the past, and treated in a spirit 
of critical justice. 
C. F. Adams, Jr., N. A. Rev., CXX. 395. 
3. A farmer; a countryman. [Humorous, U. 8.] 
II. a. Of or pertaining to a grange or to gran- 
gers; caused or promoted by grangers: as, the 
granger movement. 
The rash granger laws of more than a decade ago firmly 
established the principle and the right of extreme State 
supervision. Contemporary Ree., LI. 700. 
The Granger cases, six cases decided by the United 
States Supreme Court in 1876(94 U. 8., 118, 155, 165, 179. 
180, 181), the principal ones being Munn vs. Illinois, and 
Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad Co. vs. Iowa : 
so called because they grew out of certain State statutes 
passed in the interest of the grangers, regulating grain- 
elevator tolls and the charges of warehousemen and com- 
mon carriers. The court sustained the constitutionality 
of these statutes, affirming the common-law doctrine that 
when private property is devoted to a public use it is sub- 
ject to public regulation, and holding that this right is not 
affected by the fourteenth amendment to the United States 
Constitution, which ordains that no State shall " deprive 
any person of life, liberty, or property without due pro- 
cess of law." 
grangerism 1 (gran'jer-izm), n. [< granger, I., 2, 
+ -ism.] The principles and methods of the 
grangers of the United States. 
grangerism 2 (gran'jer-izm), . [< Granger (see 
del) + -ism.) The practice of illustrating a 
book by binding up in it engravings taken from 
other books, or with independent prints, water- 
colors, etc.; also, the resulting mutilation of 
books. The practice became popular when James Gran- 
ger published, in 1769, his "Biographical History of Eng- 
land," which incited persons to mutilate other books to 
illustrate it. 
Orangerigm, as the innocent may need to be told, is the 
pernicious vice of cutting plates and title-pages out of 
many books to illustrate one book. 
Saturday Review, Jan. 29, 1883, p. 123. 
grangerite (gran'jer-it), n. [< Granger (see 
grangerism 2 ) + -ite%.] One who illustrates a 
book with engravings from other books, or with 
independent prints, water-colors, etc. See 
grangerism^. 
"He was not," says Mr. Hill Burton, speaking of the 
Kirkpatrick Sharpe, "he was not a black-letter man, or a 
tall-copyist, or an uncut man, or a rough-edge man, or an 
early-English dramatist, or an Elzeviran, or a broadsider, 
or a pasquinader, or an old-brown-calf man, or a Granger- 
ite, or a tawny-moroccoite, or a gilt-topper, or a marbled- 
insider, or an editio princeps man." These nicknames 
briefly dispose into categories a good many species of col- 
lectors. The Bookmart, July, 1883. 
grangerize (grau'jer-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
grangerized, ppr. grangerizing. [< Granger (see 
grangerism^) + -lze.~\ To illustrate in the meth- 
od called grangerism. 
The book [Works of Victor Hugo] was grangerized by the 
author himself as a gift to his goddaughter. 
New York Evening Post, Dec. 18, 1885. 
It proves to be a very handsome grangerized copy of 
Byron's "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers," the pages 
mounted on large paper, and profusely interspersed with 
water-colour drawings or engraved portraits of the poets 
and others mentioned by Byron in the famous satire. 
Athenaeum, Oct. 9, 1886, p. 468. 
grangerizer (gran'jer-i-zer), n. 
yerite. 
Same as gran- 
2598 
Each of the 500 copies will be printed direct from the 
type ; and the portraits of actors will be paged separately, 
with blank backs, for the benefit of Granyerizers. 
New York Tribune, Jan. 13, 1889. 
gran gusto (gran gos'to). [It., lit. 'great rel- 
ish': see grand and gusto.] 1. In painting. 
something in a picture very extraordinary and 
calculated to excite surprise. 2. In music, any 
high-wrought composition. 
grant, n. Plural of grano. 
graniert, See graner. 
graniferous (gra-nif e-rus), a. [< L. gratiifer, 
grain-bearing (only as applied poet, to ants), 
< granum, grain (see grain 1 ), + ferre = E. 
bear 1 .] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain : as, 
i/raiiiferous pods. 
graniform (gran 'i -form), a. [< L. granum, 
grain, + forma, shape.] Having the form of 
a grain or seed. 
granilla (gra-nil'S; Sp. pron. gra-ne'lya), n. 
[Sp., dim. of grana, cochineal, grain: see 
grain 1 .] Small or half -grown cochineal-insects. 
See grain 1 , 11. 
There is often a second production of cochineal before 
the wet season sets in ; if so, ft is scraped off with a knife 
and dried, but it is of inferior quality, and is sold under 
the name of granilla. 
Calvert, Dyeing and Calico-printing, p. 208. 
granillo (gra-nil'o), n. Same as granilla. 
granite (gran'it), . [= D. graniet = G. Dan. 
Sw. granit = F. granit = Sp. Pg. granito, < It. 
granito, granite, lit. grained, < granito, pp. of 
granire, reduce to grains, seed, run to seed, < 
grano, grain, seed : see grain 1 . Cf. granate, 
garnet 1 , and pomegranate.] 1. A rock com- 
posed of orthoclase-feldspar, mica, and quartz, 
and having a thoroughly crystalline-granular 
texture. While orthoclase is an essential constituent 
of true granite, triclinic feldspars are often present in 
smaller quantity. The mica is sometimes white or sil- 
very (muscovlte), and sometimes dark-brown or even black 
(biotite). Both varieties are occasionally present together, 
and some lithologists call only that variety true granite in 
which both are present. While granite is a thoroughly 
crystalline rock, distinctly formed crystals of the com- 
ponent minerals are rarely seen in it, except on the walls 
of cavities. The color of granite is somewhat varied, al- 
though in much the larger number of cases the predomi- 
nating tint is a light gray ; some varieties, however, are 
almost as white as white marble; others are of a light- 
red or a pink color, which tint is due to the predomi 
nance of a rose-colored feldspar. Some varieties of gran- 
ite are very massive and homogeneous in texture ; hence 
this rock can often be quarried in blocks of large size. 
Granite is much used for building purposes where mas- 
siveness and durability are the chief requisites. It re- 
sists very poorly, however, the action of fire, flaking off 
and crumbling under the influence of heat Many va- 
rieties take a fine polish, and are used for interior dec- 
oration and for monumental work. Its hardness and 
coarseness of texture make it unfit for statuary. The 
theory of the origin of granite, and its relations to the 
distinctly eruptive lavas on the one hand and the dis- 
tinctly stratified rocks on the other, have long been 
subjects of discussion among geologists. Granite has of- 
ten been called a "Plutonic" rock, to express the idea 
generally held by geologists that it has become con- 
solidated at considerable depth below the surface, not 
having been poured out of a volcanic orifice like lava. 
Among the rocks ordinarily designated as granite by 
quarrymen and others there are many varieties, with a 
correspondingly varied scientific nomenclature. Of these 
varieties and names the following are the more impor- 
tant : pegmatite, which includes the granites in which the 
component materials are present in crystalline masses of 
large dimensions ; porphyritic granite, a variety with dis- 
tinct crystals of feldspar scattered through a fine-grained 
material; graphic granite, in which the quartz has as- 
sumed forms somewhat resembling Hebrew characters ; 
syenite, syenitic granite, hornblende granite, or amphibole 
granite, a rock in which hornblende occurs in addition 
to the other normal constituents of granite, the most 
famous locality of which variety is Syene, in upper 
Egypt, from which the name is derived (see syenite for 
the more modern application of this name); granitite, 
& granite in which only a dark-colored variety of mini oc- 
curs ; granulite, a fine-grained granite with red garnets : 
and greisen, a granitic rock nearly or quite destitute of 
feldspar, interesting from its frequent association with val- 
uable minerals and metalliferous ores, especially those of 
tin. See granitite, granulite, pegmatite, and greisen for 
fuller definitions of these words. 
2. A kind of rough-grained water-ice or sher- 
bet. Also called rock-punch and rock ice-cream. 
See the extract. 
Granites . . . must be frozen without beating, or even 
much stirring, as the design is to have a rough, icy sub- 
stance. New York Tribune, April 7, 1887. 
3. Same as granite-ware Granite City, Aberdeen 
in Scotland : so called because most of the buildings are of 
granite, which is worked extensively in the neighborhood. 
Granite State, New Hampshire, U. S. : so called from 
the prevalence of granite in it. 
granitel. granitelle (gran'i-tel), . [Dim. of 
granite.] Same as pegmatite. 
granite-porphyry (gran'it-p6r*fi-ri), w. A rock 
consisting of a fine-grained, holocrystalline 
base, through which the ordinary constituents 
of granite are scattered in more or less regular 
crystalline forms. It is closely connected with and 
granophyre 
passes into pnrphyritie granite and quartz-porphyry. See 
-jranite, 1, and ]*>rphyry. 
granite-ware (graii' it-war), . 1. Any fine 
pottery decorated by a more or less exact imi- 
tation of the speckled surface of granite ; spe- 
cifically, one of Josiah Wedgwood's pebble- 
wares, described by him in 1770 as "barely 
sprinkled with blue and ornaments gilt." See 
pebbleicare. 2. A fine pottery similar to iron- 
stone china, referring to its supposed hardness. 
[Trade-name.] 3. A variety of enameled iron- 
ware much used for utensils of cookery, in which 
the enamel is gray and stone-like, and very du- 
rable. 
granitic (gra-nit'ik), a. [< granite + -ic.] 1. 
Made or formed of granite ; having the texture 
or composition of granite. See granite, 1, and 
granitoid. 
In the iron age we find granitic hills shaped or exca- 
vated into temples. 
E. D. Cope, Origin of the Fittest, p. 152. 
2. Resembling granite in some of its proper- 
ties. [Bare.] 
The granitic, patriarchal figure of Job, round which con- 
centrates the interest of the play, is strikingly conceived. 
Edinburgh Itev., CLXIII. 137. 
granitical (gra-nit'i-kal), a. [< granitic + -al.] 
Same as granitic. [Rare.] 
graniticoline (gran-i-tik'o-lin), a. [< granite 
+ L. cotere, inhabit, + -ine 1 .] In lichenology, 
growing upon or attached to granite. 
granitincation (gra-nit"i-fi-ka'shon), n. [<gra- 
nitify : see -Jication.] The act of forming into 
granite, or the state or process of being formed 
into granite. 
granitiform (gra-nit'i-form), a. Having the 
form of granite ; resembling granite in struc- 
ture or shape. 
granitify (gra-nit'i-fi), v. t. ; pret. and pp. gra- 
nitified, ppr. 'granitifying. [< granite + -i-fy.] 
To form into granite. 
granitite (gran'i-tit), n. [< granite + -ite%.] 
A rock consisting of a mixture of some reddish 
orthoclase with a considerably smaller amount 
of oligoclase, together with a little quartz and 
dark-green magnesiau mica. Rosenbusch calls 
true granite that which contains both dark- and light- 
colored mica, and granitite that in which only the former 
occurs. 
granitoid (gran'i-toid), a. [< granite + -aid.] 
Like granite ; holocrystalline : applied in lithol- 
ogy to rocks without an amorphous ground- 
mass, but entirely made up of crystalline com- 
ponents, whether visible with or without the aid 
of the microscope. Granite is the typical rock 
of this class Granitoid or granitic structure. See 
structure. 
granitone (gran'i-ton), n. [< granite + -one.] 
See gabbro. 
Granivoraet (gra-niv'o-re), n. pi. [NL., fern, 
pi. of granivorus: see granivorous.] A group 
of grauivorous birds. 
granivorous (gra-niv'o-rus), a. [< NL. grani- 
vorus, <L. granum, grain, + vorare, eat, devour.] 
Eating grain ; feeding or subsisting on seeds : 
as, granivorous birds. 
grannamt (gran'am), n. [Corruption of gran- 
dam, q. v.] Same as grandam. 
Old men i' the house, of fifty, call me grannam. 
Beau, and I'/., Scornful Lady, iv. 1. 
Ghosts never walk till after midnight, if 
I may believe my grannam. 
Fletcher (and Massinger 7), Lovers' Progress, iv. 2. 
granny (gran'i),n.; pi. grannies (-iz). [A child- 
ish abbr. of grannam, grandam, or grandmother.] 
1. A grandmother; an old woman. [Colloq. 
and low.] 
"Fairly good holy images thou hast here. granny; keep 
them in good order," said I to the old woman. 
Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 376. 
2. A duck, the south-southerly or old-wife. 
More fully, old granny. [New Jersey, U. S.] 
granny's-knot, granny-knot (gran'iz-, gran'i- 
not), n. Naut., a knot differing from a reef or 
square knot in having the second part crossed 
the wrong way: derided by seamen because it 
is difficult to untie when jammed. 
grano (grii'no), n.; pi. gram (-ne). [It., lit. a 
grain, < Li.granum, grain: see grain 1 .] A money 
of account in Malta, equal to about one twelfth 
of an English penny. 
granonst, pi- [< OF. grenon, grenun, gre- 
gnon, grignon, guernon, gernon, gernun, mus- 
tache, whiskers.] The whiskers of a cat. Top- 
sell, p. 104. (Halliwell.) 
granophyre (gran 'o -fir), n. [< L. graimm. 
grain (cf. granite), + (por)pliyr(ites), porphyry.] 
In lithol., the ground-mass of the porphyritic 
rocks when this is made up either entirely or 
