gratifyingly 
gratifyingly (grat'i-fi-ing-li), adv. In a grati- 
fying or pleasing manner. 
gratillityt (gra-til'i-ti), n. In the extract, a hu- 
morous perversion of gratuity. [Unique.] 
Sir And. I sent thee sixpence for thy leman ; 
Hadst it? 
Clo. 1 did impeticos thy gratillity. 
Shak., T. N., ii. 3. 
grating 1 (gra'ting), n. [Verbal n. of grate 1 , .] 
The act of rubbing harshly; the harsh sound 
caused by the rasping or scraping of hard, rough 
bodies ; the feeling produced by harsh attri- 
tion. 
The contrary is called harshness, such as is grating, and 
some other sounds. Uobves, Human Nature, vii. 
The tenderer ear cannot but feel the rude thumpings 
of the wood, and gratings of the rosin, ... in the best con- 
sorts of musical instruments. 
Dr. H. More, Immortal, of Soul, Hi. 9. 
grating 1 (gra'ting), p. a. [Ppr. of grate 1 , v.] 
Harsh; rasping; fretting; irritating: as, grat- 
ing sounds', a, grating temper. 
And grating shock of wrathful iron arms. 
Shak., Rich. II., i. 8. 
grating 2 (gra'ting), n. [< grate* + -ing 1 .] 1. 
A partition or frame of parallel or crossing bars ; 
an open latticework of wood or metal serving 
as a coyer or guard, but admitting light, air, 
etc., as in the fair-weather hatches of a ship, 
the cover of the mouth of a drain or sewer, etc. 
We were admitted to an apartment about ten feet long 
by five wide, with a very thick double grating, behind 
which some of the nuns appeared and chattered. 
Greeille, Memoirs, April 22, 1830. 
Probably soundly flogged at the gratings when recap- 
tured, or when in a spirit of penitence they returned to 
duty. N. and (i., 7th er., VI. 437. 
2. In optics: (a) An arrangement of parallel 
wires in a plane, designed to produce spectra 
by diffraction : specifically called a real grating. 
(6) A series of fine parallel lines on a surface 
of glass or polished metal ruled very close to- 
gether, at the rate of 10,000 to 20,000, or even 
40,000, to the inch: distinctively called a dif- 
fraction or diffractive grating. Such gratings are 
much used In spectroscopic work. The first really fine 
gratings were those of L. M. Rutherfurd of New York. 
See di/raction, 1, and spectrum. 
In making gratings for optical purposes the periodic 
error must be very perfectly eliminated, since the periodic 
displacement of the lines only one-millionth of an inch 
from their mean position will produce "ghosts" in the 
spectrum. Encyc. Brit., XXI. 653. 
The magnificent gratings of Rowland are a new power 
in the hands of the spectroscopista. Science, IV. 182. 
3. A timber framework consisting of beams 
which cross one another at right angles to sup- 
port the foundation of a heavy building in light, 
loose soil. 4. In metal., the act of separating 
large from small ore. See grate 2 , n., 3 Orating 
deck, a light deck made of grating. Grating spectrum, 
a diffraction spectrum produced by a grating. 
gratingly (gra'ting-li), adv. In a grating man- 
ner; harshly; offensively. 
Gratipla (gra-ti'o-la), n. [NL., named in 
allusion to its suppo'sed medicinal virtues, < 
L. gratia, grace: see grace.] A genus of low 
scrophulariaceous herbs, containing about 20 
species, widely distributed in temperate re- 
gions, 12 being native in the United States. 
They have opposite leaves and small solitary axillary 
flowers. The hedge-hyssop, G. ojftcinalis, of Europe and 
northern Asia, has a bitter, acrid taste, and is employed 
in medicine as a drastic purgative in the treatment of 
dropsy. 
gratipsa (gra-ti-6'sa), a. In music, same as 
grazioso. 
gratiosot, n. Same as gracioso. 
gratiousf, a. An obsolete spelling of gracious. 
Spenser. 
gratis (gra'tis), adv. [= D. G. Dan. Sw. F. gra- 
tis = Sp. gratis = Pg. It. gratis, < L. gratis, 
contr. of earlier gratiis, for nothing, without 
reward, lit. by favor or kindness, abl. pi. of gra- 
tia, favor: see grace.] For nothing; freely; 
without pay: as, to perform service gratis. 
Having once paid this Caphar, you may go in and out 
gratis as often as you please during the whole Feast 
Maundrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 67. 
The price, after the first four numbers, which were 
given away gratis, was a penny. 
A. Dobson, Int. to Steele, p. xxvii. 
Appearing gratis. See appear. 
gratis (gra'tis), a. [< gratis, adv.] Gratuitous. 
[An inaccurate use.] 
In its ultimate form, . . . altruism will be the achieve- 
ment of gratification, . . . sympathetic gratification which 
costs the receiver nothing, but is a gratis addition to his 
egoistic gratifications. //. Spencer, Data of Ethics, p. 255. 
gratitude (grat'i-tud), H. [< F. gratitude = 
Sp. gratitud = It. gratitudine, < ML. gratitude, 
thankfulness, < L. gratus, thankful: see grate 3 , 
2006 
grave 
grace.] The state or quality of being grateful 
or thankful; a warm and friendly feeling in re- 
sponse to a favor or favors received ; thankful- 
ness. 
Ev'ry star, in haste 
To gratulate the new-created Earth, 
Sent forth a voice, and all the sons of God 
Shouted for joy. Cowper, Task, v. 820. 
2f. To recompense; remunerate. 
I could not choose but gratulate your honest endea- 
vours with this remembrance. 
Ueywood, Apology for Actors. 
II. t in trans. To rejoice ; express pleasure. 
She's sent to me from court, 
To gratulate with me. 
B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, iv. 1. 
gratulatet (grat'u-lat), a. [< L. gratulattts, pp. : 
see the verb.] Gratifying; to be rejoiced at; 
felicitous. 
Thanks, good friend Escalus, for 'thy much goodness : 
There's more behind that is more gratulate. 
, . Shak., M. for M., v. 1. 
finishing other stone implements and vessels; gratulation (grat-u-la'shon), n. [= G. Dan. 
a scraper. g w . gratulation, '<. OF. gratulation, gratulacioit 
In the first place, it may be asked whether we are only 
bound to repay services, or whether we owe the special 
affection called Gratitude ; which seems generally to com- 
bine kindly feeling with some sort of emotional recogni- 
tion of superiority. 
H. Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics, p. 232. 
A feeling of gratitude, or of resentment, tends to be 
deepened. J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 484. 
= Syn. See grateful. 
grattoir (gra-twor'), n. [F., a scraper, < grat- 
ter, scratch, scrape: see grate 1 ."] In archueol., 
an instrument of the stone age, of chipped flint 
or other stone, shaped to one or more even and 
short edges, presumed to have been used for 
gratuitous , . ... _ 
Sp. gratuito = Pg. It. gratuito, < L. gratuitus, 
that is done without pay, free, spontaneous, < 
gratia, favor, gratus, showing favor: see grace, 
and cf. gratis.] 1. Freely bestowed or ob- 
tained ; costing nothing to the recipient. 
The city was gradually crowded with a populace . . . 
tempted with the cheap or gratuitous distribution of 
corn. J. Adams, Works, IV. 538. 
Numerous public baths were established, to which, 
when they were not absolutely gratuitous, the smallest irratiilotnTTr I 
coin in use gave admission, and which were in conse- 8*<*"U"*"'fy V 
A diffusive harangue of praise and gratulation. 
Bacon, Physical Fables, ii., Expl. 
2. Gratified feeling; the sense of gratification ; 
rejoicing. 
If your Majesty come to the city of London ever so often, 
what gratulation, what joy, what concourse of people is 
there to be seen. Strype, Grindal, ii. 
Gratulation is the f eeliug of which congratulation is the 
expression. C. Mercier, Mind, X. 16. 
gave admission, and which were in eonse- S2"*S (gt'y-la-to-ri), a. [= OF. gratu- 
quence habitually employed by the poor. latmre = bp. Pg. It. gratiilatorio, < LL. gratula- 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, II. si. torius. < L. gratulator, one who gratulates, < 
2. Unnecessary; not required; not warranted gratutari, wish one joy : see gratulate.] 1. Ex- 
by circumstances or reason ; uncalled for: as, pressing gratulation ; congratulatory. 
That worthy poet John Lydgate, Monke of Burie, deuis- 
ing the speeches for such gratulatory triumphs as were 
made at her entrance into London. 
Speed, Hen. VI., IX. xvi. $ 38. 
2f. Expressing gratitude or thanks. 
They make a gratulatory oration unto God, for that he 
has been pleased to assist and accept their services. 
/.. Addiyon, State of the Jews, p. 125. 
a gratuitous insult. 
The second motive they had to introduce this gratui- 
tous declination of atoms, the same poet gives us. Kay. 
The assumption is a purely gratuitous one. 
U. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 223. 
Gratuitous conveyance or deed. See conveyance. 
= Syn. 1. Unpaid, unpurchased. 2. Unwarranted, un- 
necessary, groundless. 
gratuitously (gra-tu'i-tus-li), adv. 1. In a gratulet, f. t. or i. [< OF. gratuler, < L. gratu- 
gratuitous manner; without cost to the recipi- lari, wish one joy: see gratulate.'] To wish joy 
ent; freely. to; congratulate. 
Distributions of corn . . . frequently made to the peo- Where's oratour Higgen with his gratuling speech now, 
pie, either gratuitously or at a very low price. In M our "ames? Fletcher, Beggar's Bush, ii. 1. 
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, I. xi. 1. GraucalUS (gra'ka-lus), n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1817, 
2. Without sufficient cause or reason : as, a but first in Linnapus, 1735), appar. a perversion 
principle gratuitously assumed. of L. graculus, a jackdaw, grackle : see Gracu- 
The assumption that the primitive man gratuitously ' M *> e *-] A Cuvierian genus of campopbagine 
acts in an irrational way is quite inadmissible. birds. Also called Ceblepyris and Coracina. 
a. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 145. graunt-mercit, interj. An earlier form of gra- 
gratuitousness (gra-tu'i-tus-nes), . Thequal- mercy. Chaucer. 
ity or condition of 'being gratuitous. grauwacke, . See graywacke. 
gratuity (gr^-tu'i-ti), n. ; pi. gratuities (-tiz). gravamen (gra-va'men), n. ; pi. gravamina 
y -^ \C3 ~, ij "/I - 7 JT i7 \ -- /- 
[< OF. gratuite, F. gratuite, < ML. gratuita(t-)s, 
a free gift, < L. gratuitus, freely given, free: 
see gratuitous.] That which is given without 
claim or demand ; a free gift ; a donation. 
In these expeditions I often met some Arabs on horse- 
back, who would voluntarily offer to guard me to the gate 
of the city, in order to get a small gratuity. 
Pococke, Description of the East, I. 10. 
Promising them their whole arrears, constant pay, and 
a present gratuity. Ludlow, Melnoirs, II. 330. 
= Syn. Gift, Donation, etc. See present. 
gratulancet (grat'u-lans), . [< gratulan(t) + 
-ce.] Pecuniary gratification ; a fee, bribe, or 
bonus. 
Come, there is 
Some odd disburse, some bribe, some gratulance, 
Which makes you lock up leisure. 
Machin, Dumb Knight, v. 
gratulant (grat'u-lant), a. [< L. gratulan(t-)s, 
(-yam'i-na). [LL., trouble, physical inconve- 
nience, lit. burden, < L. gravare, weigh down, 
load, burden, < gravis, heavy: see grave 3 .] 1. 
The burden or chief weight ; that part of an ac- 
cusation which weighs most heavily against the 
accused ; the substantial cause of an action at 
law ; ground or burden of complaint in general. 
It is not safe nor charitable to extend the gravamen and 
punishment beyond the instances the apostles make. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835X II. 301. 
I believe that the real gravamen of the charges [against 
Democracy] lies in the habit it has of making itself gen- 
erally disagreeable, by asking the powers that be at the 
most inconvenient moment whether they are the powers 
that ought to be. Lou-ell, Democracy. 
2. In the Ch. of Eng., a representation by the 
lower house of Convocation to the upper of 
an existing grievance, disorder, or inconve- 
nience affecting the church. A gravamen, accom- 
ppr. of gratuldri, wish one joy: see gratulate.l pan'ed by a reformandum or resolution embodying action 
Exnressino- nleasnrfi or inv: nono^ntnlatnr^ I 'i ten 1 ^ < \, t V emedy the troibje ""d'cated becomes, as 
adopted by the house, an articulus clen. If agreed to by 
the upper house (the house of bishops), that house trans- 
mits it to the Crown and Parliament with a view to its 
Expressing pleasure or joy; congratulatory. 
[Rare.] 
The white-robed multitude of slaughtered saints 
At Heaven's wide-opened portals gratulant 
Receive some martyred Patriot. 
Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
becoming law by their action and approval. 
Under the first of these heads [the right of presentation 
by the lower house of Convocation of their own and the 
churi 
gratulate (grat'u-lat), r. ; pret. and pp. gratu- 
lated, ppr. gratulating. [< L. gratulatus, pp. 
of gratulari (> Sp. Pg. gratular = It. (refl.) gra- 
tular = OF. yratuler = G. gratuliroi = Dan. 
gratulere = Sw. gratulera), wish one joy, con- 
gratulate, < gratus, pleasing, agreeable: see gravamentt, n 
grace, grate 3 . Cf. congratulate.] I. trans. I. Mr. Nevell slrni: 
To congratulate ; express joy to or on account ' ' two or three of the 
f ' HauZJeTRomans ! The most worthy consul, *, An obsolete form of cravat. 
I gratnlate you, honour. ^Jti,ine, Hi. 1. * ''^^^Ud salads, II. 303). 
To gratulate his conquest. grave 1 (grav), v. t. ; pret. graved, pp. graved or 
Mateinger, Unnatural Combat, ii. 1. yraren, ppr. graving. [< ME. graven (pret. grof, 
irch's grievances to the upper house] Bishop Gibson 
includes the representations made by the clergy, from the 
very earliest accounts of the proceedings in Convocation, 
by the names of Gravamina and Reformanda. 
Canon Trevor, The Convocations of the Two Provinces 
[(1852X p. 141. 
Same as gravamen. 
Mr. Nevell shall deliver to you a bill of the gravaments 
