gravel 
William the Conqueror, when he invaded this island, 
chanced at his arrival to be gravelled ; and one of his feet 
stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground. 
( 'n in / n. 
Hence 4. To bring to a standstill through 
perplexity; embarrass; puzzle; nonplus. 
Any labor may be sone gmualrd, if a man trust alwaies 
to his own singuler witte. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 41. 
Else had I misconceited mine own hopes, and been grar- 
elled in mine own conceits. 
Ford, Honour Triumphant, Ded. 
The wisest doctor is gravelled by the inquisitiveness of 
a child. Emenon, Essays, 1st ser., p. 295. 
5. To hurt the foot of, as a horse, by the lodg- 
ing of gravel under the shoe. 
graveless (grav'les), a. [< grave 2 + -less.] 
Without a grave or tomb ; unburied. 
My brave Egyptians all ... 
Lie graveless. Shale., A. and C., ill. 11. 
graveliness, n. See gravelliness. 
graveling (grav'el-Lng), 11. [Cf. OF. grarele, a 
minnow.] The parr or young salmon. Thomp- 
son. Also gravelling, grarelin. [Local, Irish.] 
gravel-laspring (grav'el-las'pring), n. The 
smolt or young salmon of the first year. [Lo- 
cal, Eng.] 
gravelliness, graveliness (grav'el-i-nes), . 
[< gravelly, graeetjfl, + -ness.] The state of be- 
ing gravelly, or of abounding with gravel. 
gravelling, . See graveling. 
gravelly, gravely 2 (grav'el-i), a. [< ME. grav- 
elly, gravely, graveli; < gravel + -lyl or -yi.] 
Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel: 
as, a gravelly soil. 
Stately large Walks, green and gravelly. 
Unwell, Letters, I. it 8. 
2608 
The butter, which was more remote from the leather, 
was yellow and something graveolent, yet it was edible. 
lioyle, Works, IV. 580. 
graver (gra'ver), 11. [< ME. graver, grufn; gm- 
fere, < AS. grtefere, grafere, a graver, carver, 
engraver (= D. graver = G. graber, digger, = 
Sw. grafvare = Dan. graver, sexton), < yrafau. 
grave, carve: see grave 1 . Cf. F. gnu-cur (> D. 
&. graveur = Sw. Dan. gravor; cf. Sp. graba- 
dor = Pg. gravador), engraver ; from the corre- 
sponding verb.] 1. One who carves or en- 
graves ; one whose profession it is to cut letters 
or figures in metal, stone, or other hard mate- 
rial : formerly applied also to a sculptor. 
What I formerly presented you in writing, having . . . 
now somewhat dressed by the help of the Graver and the 
Printer. K. Kiutx (Arbor's Eng. Garner, I. 326). 
Just like a marble statue did he stand 
Cut by some skilful graver's artful hand. 
Cowley, Pyramus and Thisbe. 
2. A tool used 
for engraving; 
a burin; also, 
a sculptors' 
chisel. 
What figure of a 
body was Lysippus 
ever able to forme 
with his graver, or 
Apelles to paint 
with his pencill, as 
the comedy to life 
expresseth so 
many and various 
affections of the 
minde? 
B. Jonson, Dis- 
[coveries. 
Wood-engravers' Tools. 
, ordinary graver; B, tint-tool or liner ; C, 
lozenge-graver. 
The toilsome hours in diff'rent labour slide, 
Some work the file, and some the graver guide. 
Gay, The Fan. 
3. An instrument used for turning iron after 
gravel-mine (grav'el-min), n. In mining, a it has been roughed out by the heel-tool. 
name frequently given to workings or washings 4. A shaver, a tool wherewith " bowyers use to 
for gold in auriferous gravel; a placer-mine: shave bows." Baret, Alvearie, 1580 Bentgra- 
Gravelly streams that carried down 
The golden sand from caves unknown. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 165. 
more properly applied to deep deposits of Ter- 
tiary gravel where worked by tne hydraulic 
method. 
graveloust, . [ME. graveluus, < gravel + -ous.~] 
Same as gravelly. 
Sondy cley gravelous thai lothe. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 83. 
gravel-pit (grav'el-pit). 11. [= ME. gravel- 
pytte; < gravel + pit 1 .} A pit from which 
gravel is dug. 
Walking through the Parke we saw hundreds of people 
listening at the gravfll-pits, and to and againe in the 
Parke to hear the guns [in the North Sea]. 
ver, a graver with a blade shaped so that it can be used 
on a surface having its plane below a marginal rim. 
grave-robber (grav'roVer), n. One who robs 
a grave ; a resurrectionist. 
graveryt (gra'ver-i), M. [(gravel + -try.] The 
process of engraving or carving ; engraving. 
Neither shall you hear of any piece either of picture or 
gravery and embossing, that came out of a servile hand. 
HoUand. 
graves 1 , greaves (gravz, grevz), n. pi. [Prob. 
of Scand. origin. Cf. Sw. grefvar = OSw. gref- 
icar, dirt, Sw. dial, grerar, pi., = Dan. grever = 
MLG. greve, grive, LG. greve = OHG. griupo, 
-^onii oeuj. i'<-, yt *vf, uvii yi -V ^ vyiivj. yivujtv, 
Pepys, Diary, June 4, 1666. griebo, MHG. griube, griebe, G. griebe, griefe, the 
gravel-plant (grav'el-plaut), n. A local name refuse of tallow, lard, fat, etc. ; appar. connected 
of the trailing arbutus, Epigaia repent. with AS. greofa (only in two glosses, spelled 
gravelroot (grav'el-rot), . 1. The joe-pye greoua), apot (L. olla). Cf. gravy.'] Therefuse 
weed or trumpetweed of the United States, Eu- parts of animal fat gathered from the melting- 
patorium purpureum, a tall and stout composite pots and made up into cakes for dogs' meat, 
with whorled leaves and purplish flowers. Its ^ Great Britain such cakes are called crack- 
4.;., j __ - j i_. -_j_. j_ tings, and the material is often called scraps. 
Graves (which are the sediment of tallow melted for 
the making of candles), cut into pieces, are an excellent 
ground-bait for Barbel, etc. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 168, note. 
A farmer in Surrey used graves from the Tallow-Chand- 
root is used as a domestic remedy in various 
ailments of the urinary organs. 2. The horse- 
balm or richweed, Cotliiisonia Canadensis. 
gravel-stone (grav'el-ston), . In pathol., one 
of the small concretions constituting gravel. 
gravely 1 (grav'li), adv. [< grace 3 + -1y 2 .~\ In 
a grave manner; soberly; seriously. 
lers, with very great success on a sandy soil. 
A. Hunter, Georgical Essays, VI. 229. 
5 Graves, a 
gave immediate orders for his execution. viticultural district in Gironde, France.] 1. 
T. Cogan, On the Passions, i., note B. An important class of Bordeaux wines of the 
Thedomestic fool stood besidehim, archly sad, or grave- Gironde district, including such red wines as 
ly mirthful, as his master willed. the Chateau Margaux, Chateau Laffitte, and 
1. D sraeh, Amen, of Lit., I. 88. chateau Lft Tonri g and ' a the white ^ 
gravely 2 , a. See gravelly the Sauternes. 2. A general commercial name 
gravemente (gra-va-men te),adv. [It.,< grave, f or white Bordeaux wines of second or third 
grave, low, + -meiite, adv. term., ong. abl. of quality of the Gironde district on the left bank 
L. men(t-)s, mind.] In music, with a depressed of the Garonne. These wines are usually some- 
tone; solemnly. wllat Bweet an a a d m it of being kept a long 
graven (gra'vn). A past participle of grave*-, time 
grayeness (grav'nes), , The state or quality Graves's disease. Same as exophthalmic goiter 
ot being grave; seriousness; sobriety of beha- (which see, under exophthalmic) 
^ of ^manners or discourse; impor- gravestone (grav'ston), n. [< ME. gravestone 
(= D. grafsteen = G. grabstein = Sw. grafsteii 
= Dan. gravsten) ; < grave 2 + stone.'] A stone 
laid over a grave, or erected near it (commonly 
at its head), in memory of the dead. 
Timon is dead ; . . . 
And on his grave-stone this insculpture. 
Shak., T. of A., v. 5. 
gravett, . [Appar. < grave 3 + -et.~] A grave 
person ; one of weight. Davies. 
In this blooddye riot they soom grauet haplye beholding 
Of geason pietee, doo throng and greedelye listen. 
Stanihurat, ^Eneid, i. 159. 
graving-dock 
graveyard (grav'yard), ii. A yard for graves; 
an inclosure for the interment of the dead ; a 
cemetery. 
gravic (grav'ik), ft. [Irreg. < L. gravis, heavy 
(see grace 3 ), + -ic.~\ Pertaining to or causing 
gravitation: as, grai-ic forces; gravic attrac- 
tion. [Rare.] 
gravid (grav'id), a. [< L. graridus, pregnant, 
< gravis, heavy, burdened: see grave 3 .] If. 
Burdened; laden; made heavy. 
The gracious king, 
To ease and crown their gravid piety, 
Grants their request by his assenting eye. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, xv. 
2. Being with child ; pregnant. 
The gravid female [camel] carries her young for nearly 
eleven mouths. Encyc. Brit., IV. 736. 
gravidate (grav'i-dat), v. t. [< L. gravidatus, 
pp. of gravidare, burden, impregnate, < gravi- 
dus, pregnant: see gravid.] To make gravid. 
[Rare.] 
Her womb is said to bear him (blessed is the womb that 
bare thee), to have been gravidated, or great with child. 
Barrow, Works, II. xxiv. 
gravidation (grav-i-da'shon), n. [= Pg. gra- 
vida^do = It. gravidazione ; as gravidate + -ion.] 
Same as gravidity. [Rare.] 
gravidity (gra-vid'i-ti), n. [< L. gravidita(t-)s, 
pregnancy, < gravidus, pregnant : see gravid.} 
The act of gravidating or making pregnant, or 
the state of being pregnant ; pregnancy ; im- 
pregnation. [Raref] 
The signs of gravidity and obstructions are hard to be 
distinguished in the beginning. Arbuthnat, On Diet, xiv. 
Gravigrada (gra-vig'ra-da), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of grai-igradus : see gravigrade.j One of two 
groups, the other being Tardigrada, into which 
the PhytopJiaga. or vegetable-eating edentates, 
have been divided. 
The Gravigrada are, for the most part, like the Sloths, 
South American forms, but they are entirely extinct. . . . 
The great extinct animals Megatherium, Mylodon, Mega- 
lonyx, etc belong to this group. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 286. 
gravigrade (grav'i-grad), a. and n. [< NL. 
gravigradus, < .L. gravis, heavy, + gradi, walk, 
step : see grade 1 ."} I. a. Walking with heavy 
steps; specifically, of or pertaining to the 
Gravigrada. 
H. . An animal that walks heavily; specifi- 
cally, one of the Gravigrada. 
gravirueter (gra-vim'e-ter), n. [= F. grarime- 
tre; < L. gravis, heavy, + metrum, measure. 
Cf. barometer.'] 1. An instrument for deter- 
mining the specific gravities of bodies, whether 
liquid or solid. See hydrometer. 2. An instru- 
ment for measuring the force of gravity against 
some elastic force. There have been many at- 
tempts to construct such instruments, but none 
has been successful. 
gravimetric (grav-i-met'rik), a. [As gravime- 
ter + -ic.] Of or pertaining to measurement by 
weight: specifically applied in chemistry to a 
method of analyzing compound bodies by de- 
composing them and finding the weight of their 
elements: opposed to volumetric Gravimetric 
density of gunpowder. See density. 
gravimetrical (grav-i-met'ri-kal), a. [< gravi- 
metric + -a/.] Same as gravimetric. 
The grammctrical method together with qualitative 
!8tin 
analysis appears to be better suited to the estimation of 
the quantity of albumen contained in a given sample. 
W. Croolces, Dyeing and Calico-printing, p. 78. 
vior; 
tance; solemnity. 
Youth no less becomes 
The light and careless livery that it wears 
Than settled age his sables and his weeds, 
Importing health and graveness. 
Shak., Hamlet, iv. 7. 
graveolencet (grav'e-6-lens), w. [= Pg. gra- 
veolencia: see graveolent.'] "A strong and offen- 
sive smell. Bailey, 1731. 
graveolentt (grav v e-6-lent), a. [= It. graveo- 
lente, < L. graveolen'(t-)s, a,lso, separately, grare 
olen(t-)s, strong-smelling, < gravis, heavy, + 
ote('-)s,ppr. of o?erf,smell.] Emitting a strong 
and offensive smell : fetid. 
Gravett level. Same as dumpy-level. 
gravimetrically (grav-i-met'ri-kal-i), adv. 
By means of a gravimeter; as regards mea- 
surement by weight. 
The tinctorial power of many colouring matters is so 
great as to render them distinctly appreciable to the eye 
when their amount is far too minute to be detected gravi- 
metriatlly. E. Frankland, Exper. in Chemistry, p. 569. 
graving 1 (gra'ving), n. [< ME. gravy nge; ver- 
bal n. of grave 1 , vT] If. The act of laying in a 
grave ; burial. 
Sen thy body beryed shalbe, 
This mirre will I giffe to thi grauyng. 
York Plays, p. 136. 
2. The act of engraving, or of cutting lines or 
figures in metal, stone, wood, etc. St. That 
which is graved or carved ; an engraving. 
Skilful to work in gold, . . . also to grave any manner 
of graving, and to find out every device which shall be 
put to him. 2 Chron. ii. 14. 
4. Inscription or impression, as upon the mind 
or heart. [Rare.] 
Former granngs . . . upon their souls. Eiktm Basilike. 
graving 2 (gra'ving), n. [Verbal n. of grave*, 
!.] The act of cleaning a ship's bottom by 
scraping, burning, etc. 
graving-dock (gra'ving-dok), n. See dock*. 
