Gregarinidas 
2620 
roidal, ovoid, or elongated bodies, sometimes Gregorian (gre-go'ri-an), . and , [= F. gre- 
with a segmental constriction, and occasionally 
one end of the body beaked with an epimerite 
bearing curved horny spines. They have no pseu- 
dopodia in the adult state, the body ordinarily presenting 
yorien = Sp. Pg. It. grcgoriano (cf. D. gregori- 
aansch = G. gregorianisch = Dan. Sw. gregori- 
A, Gregarina of Eanhworm ; . same encysted ; C, D. contents 
divided into pseudo-navicelfee ; E, f, free pseudo-navicella: ; G H 
theirfree amcebifonn contents. (Highly magnified.) 
tractile vacuole. Changes of form are effected by a power 
of contractility, and the animals are nourished by absorp- 
tion of nutriment already prepared in the bodies of the 
animals in which they are parasitic, as insects, worms, and 
crustaceans. Reproduction is effected, with or without 
conjugation, by a process of sporation in which an en- 
cysted Individual becomes filled with a mass of peculiar 
bodies known as pneudo-navicellte, which discharge amu?- 
biform contents sometimes called flagellulce or drepani- 
dia. All Gregarinidai are parasites, but none, as far as 
known, infest vertebrates. The family name applies (1) 
to all gregarines; (2) especially to the septate gregarines, 
for which Dicystidce is also used. Numerous genera have 
been proposed, but few can be considered established, as 
Monocystis of the single-celled division, with Gregarina 
proper and Hoplorhynchus of the septate division. These 
two divisions correspond, respectively, to Monocystidea or 
Haplocyta, and to Dicyttidea or Septata, when the family 
is ranked as a class or subclass named Gregarinida or 
Gregarinidea. 
Gregarinidea (greg"a-ri-nid'e-S), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gregarina + -idea.]' The G~regarinidce, in the 
ansk), < LL. Gregoriiis, < Gr. Tpr/ydpiof, Gregory, 
a proper name (equiv. to L. Vigilantius), lit. 
'wakeful,' < yprrryopelv, a later present formed 
from iyprrfopa, used as pres. intr., wake, second 
perf. of eyeipew, waken, arouse.] I. a. Of or 
pertaining to one of several persons popes 
and others named Gregory; especially, per- 
taining to Pope Gregory L, the Great (A. D. 
590-604),or to Pope Gregory XIII. (1572-85). 
Gregorian calendar. See calendar. Gregorian chant, 
a melody in the Gregorian style. Gregorian Cnurch, the 
original Armenian Church. See Armenian. Gregorian 
code. See code. Gregorian epact. see epact. Gre- 
gorian epoch, the time from which the Gregorian calen- 
dar or computation dates that is, the year 1582. Gre- 
gorian mode. See mod*. Gregorian music, music in 
the Gregorian style, the peculiar style of the Roman Catho- 
lic Church and of other ritualistic churches. See music. 
Gregorian Sacramentary, a form of the Roman Sacra- 
mentary attributed to Pope Gregory the Great. Gregory is 
said to have rearranged the Gelasian Hacramentary (see 
Gelasian\ and made some alterations and additions, insert- 
ing a short passage (" Diesque nostros " to " numerari ") in 
the paragraph "Hanc igitur" of the canon, and transfer- 
ring the paternoster to a position immediately succeeding 
the cation ; the older usage being, as in the Ambrosian and 
Mozarabic rite, that the Lord's Prayer should follow in- 
stead of precede the fraction. Gregorian song, the col- 
lective name of the ritual music of the Christian church, 
as collected and arranged by Pope Gregory L: the only 
form of music established by ecclesiastical authority. 
Gregorian staff, in musical nuta- 
tion, the staff used for Gregorian L [L 
music, consisting of four lines, tS~~ or \f 
with a C clef, variously placed : as, 
Gregorian telescope, the earliest form of the reflect- 
ing telescope, invented by James Gregory (1838-75), profes- 
sor of mathematics in the University of St. Andrews, and 
afterward of Edinburgh, Scotland. Gregorian tone, a 
melody in the Gregorian style. Gregorian year, a year 
of the Gregorian calendar. 
II. . 1. One of a club or brotherhood some- 
what similar to the Freemasons, which existed 
in England in the early part of the eighteenth 
century. See Gormogon. 
Let Poets and Historians 
Record the brave Gregorian*, 
In long and lasting lays. Carey. 
, t s ? l , l , 
one Gregory, a barber in the htrand, London, 
- 
r 1 and septate gregarinesr See 
rinida, Gregarinida'. 
gregarious (gre-ga'ri-us), a. [= F. gre'gaire = 
Sp. It. gregario, gregarious, < L. gregarius, of 
a flock, common, < grex (greg-), a flock, herd, 
drove, swarm ; supposed to be redupl. from the 
root seen in Gr. aydpeiv, collect, assemble : see 
agora.] 1. Disposed to live in flocks or herds ; 
inclined to gather in companies; not preferring 
solitude or restricted companionship : as, cat- 
tle and sheep are gregarious animals ; men are 
naturally gregarious. 
No birds of prey are gregarious. 
Kay, Works of Creation, i. 
Man, a gregarious creature, loves to fly 
Where he the trackings of the herd can spy. 
Crabbe, The Borough. 
Hating the lonely crowd where we gregarious men 
Lead lonely lives. Lowell, Under the Willows. 
plac't a little by hastie taking otf his bever. 
Honest Ghost (1658), p. 48. 
gregst, n. pi. [< F. gregues, breeches: see grego 
a,na galligaskins.] Same as galligaskins, 1. Cot- 
grare. 
His breeches . . . were not deep and large enough, but 
round strait cannloned gregs. 
Urguhart, tr. of Rabelais, ii 6. 
greisen (gri'sn), n. [G. greissen, cleave, split.] 
A rock of the granitic family, having a crys- 
talline-granular texture, and chiefly made up 
of quartz and mica. Its relations to granite are such 
as to lead lithologists to believe that it is an altered form 
of that rock, in which the feldspar has been replaced by 
quartz, at the same time that various accessory minerals, 
very characteristic of the greisen, have made their appear- 
ance. These accessory minerals are topaz, fluor-spar, 
rutile, tourmaline, and others, and especially cassiterite 
(oxid of tin), which is almost invariably found associated 
with this rock. Greisen is a very characteristic rock of the 
gregariously (gre-ga'ri-us-li), adv. In a gre- 
garious manner; in a herd, flock, or company. 
gregariousness (gre-ga'ri-us-nes), n. The 
character of being gregarious, or of living in 
flocks or herds; disposition to herd or asso- 
ciate together. 
Many mammals are gregarious, and gregariouiness im- 
plies incipient power of combination and of mutual pro- 
tection. But gregariousnens differs from sociality by the 
absence of definitive family relationships, except during 
the brief and intermittent periods in which there are help- 
less offspring to be protected. 
Cosmic Philos., tt 341. 
" "" and "' 
f greefi. 
An obsolete" spelling of 
o S o gregget, v.t. Beegredge. 
grege 2 (grej), a. and n. [< F. grege, only in soie 
greggia, fern, of greggio, rough, raw; origin un- 
certain.] I. a. Raw: only in the term grege 
silk. 
II. . Raw silk : a trade-name. 
Fine greges are becoming more and more reduced. 
V. S. Cora. Sep., No. lilt (1885X P- 128. 
gregot, greggot (greg'6), . [Also grecco, griego; 
< Sp. Griego, Greco, Pg. Grego, It. Greco, Greek : 
see Greek, and cf. gregs.] A short jacket or 
cloak made of thick coarse cloth with a hood 
attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the 
Levant, 
grelot (gra-16'), n. [F., a bell.] 
ular bell ; a sleigh-bell. 
Round their waists they [devils in a Christmas mystery] 
wore belts hung with grelots and bells. 
Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 73. 
gremt, gremet, . and v. See graml-grame. 
gremial (gre'mi-al). a. and n. [= F. gremial 
(= OF. gremial = Sp. Pg. gremial, a lap-cloth ; 
cf. It. grembiale, apron), < LL. gremtalis, lit. of 
the bosom or lap, but applied to trees or shrubs 
growing in a cluster from the stump (ML. neut. 
gremiale, a lap-cloth), < gremium (> It. gremio, 
also grembo = Sp. Pg. gremio), the lap, bosom.] 
I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. 
Bailey. [Rare.] 2. Interior; pertaining to 
the internal affairs of a corporation or society, 
or confined to its members. [Rare.] 
It was the rule for the prior to be elected from among 
the inmates of the monastery ; in other words, the election 
was to be "gremial." 
Smith and Cheetham, Wet Christ. Antiq., n. 1712. 
II. n. If. A bosom friend; a confidant. Imp. 
Diet. 2f. One who is receiving nurture or edu- 
cation ; specifically, a resident at a university. 
A great Prelate in the Church did bear him no great 
good-will for mutual animosities betwixt them, whitest 
Gremiale in the University. Fuller, Worthies, 1. 509, Kent. 
grenadin 
If he be master of arts, and not a gremial, he may take 
the degree of D.D. per saltern. 
Wall, Senate House Ceremonies (1798), p. 1-21. 
3. Eceles., a piece of cloth, originally a towel 
of fine linen, later a piece of silk or damask and 
often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed 
on the lap of a bishop, during mass or ordina- 
tion, to protect his vestments from the con- 
secrated oil. A similar vestment used by the 
Pope is called a subcinctorium. 
gremiale (gre-mi-a'le), n. ; pi. gremialia (-li-a). 
[ML.: see gremial.] Same as gremial, 3. 
The lap-cloth, which, under the name of gremiale, is 
still employed in our ritual, though its use be limited to 
the bishop, who has it spread out over his knees while he 
is seated at High Mass. Rwk, Churcji of our Fathers, i. 409. 
grent, K. A variant of grin 1 . Bom. of the Rose. 
grenade (gre-nad'), . [Formerly sometimes 
ijrauude (also grenado, granado, after the Sp. 
form) ; < OF. grenade, a ball of wildfire, F. gre- 
nade, a grenade, < Sp. Pg. granada = It. granata 
(> D. granaat = G. Dan. Sw. granat), a grenade 
(cf. OF. (pome) grenate, grenade, etc., F. grenade 
= Sp. Pg. granada, f ., = It. granato, m., a pome- 
granate), lit. something containing grains or 
seeds, from the adj., Sp. Pg. granado = It. gra- 
nato, < L. granatus, grained, containing seeds or 
grains, < granum, grain, seed: see grain 1 . Cf. 
granule, garnet 1 , granite, and pomegranate.] An 
explosive missile of any kind, usually smaller 
than a bomb or bombshell, and not discharged 
from a cannon, but thrown by hand or by a 
shovel or fork. Grenades have been made of glass, 
wood, bronze or gun-metal, and many other materials, 
even paper, and of many different forms, even cubical, a 
form which has the advantage that the grenades until 
thrown can rest securely on the edge of a rampart or a ves- 
sel's gunwale, etc. ; but the more modern practice is to use 
cast-iron and the spherical form only. See hand-grenade. 
Dined at Sr Philip Warwick's; thence to Court, where 
I had discourse with the King about an invention of glasse 
granados. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 4, 1664. 
On this answer, the French began to cast grenades into 
the fort, and had succeeded in producing considerable ef- 
fect, when the twomortars which they used, being of wood, 
bursted, and wounded those who worked them. 
Gayarre, Hist. Louisiana, I. 446. 
a besieged place when the besieger is near the rampart. 
It is thrown from the parapet or rolled down the outer 
slope of the rampart. 
< F. grenadier, < 
Sp. granadero = 
It. granatiere, < 
Sp. granada, It. 
granata, a gre- 
nade: see gre- ^r-fflvv --St 
nade.] 1. Ori- &5\M^ 
ginally, a sol- 
dier who threw 
hand -grenades. 
Soldiers of long ser- 
vice and acknow- 
ledged bravery were 
selected for this 
duty. They were 
the foremost in as- 
saults. At first 
there were only a 
few grenadiers in 
each regiment, but 
companies of grena- 
diers were formed _ _~ _- 
in France in 1670, T---S= 
and in England a B " tlsh Grenadier of 1745, blowing his fuse 
few years later. to light a grenade. 
When hand-grenades went out of general use, the name 
was still retained for the company, the members of which 
were of great stature and were distinguished by a particu- 
lar uniform, as for instance the high bearskin cap. In the 
British and French armies the grenadier company was the 
first of each battalion. Now the companies of a battalion 
or a regiment are equalized in size and other matters, and 
the title in the British army remains only to the regiment 
of Grenadier Guards. 
We will not go like to dragoons, 
Nor yet will we like grenadiers. 
Billie Archie (Child's Ballads, VI. 94). 
Now were brought into service a new sort of soldiers 
in flinging 
Evelyn, Diary, June 29, 1678. 
2. A South African weaver-bird, Ploceus (Py- 
romelana) oryx: so called from its brilliant red 
and black plumage. 3. A fish, Macntrus fabri- 
cii or M. rupestris, found in deep water of the 
North Atlantic. Also called rattail. 4. pi. 
The family Macruridce. 
grenadilla (gren-a-dil'a), n. Same &&granadilla. 
grenadin (gren'a-din), . [< F. grenade, a 
pomegranate (see grenade), + -in 2 .] A coal- 
tar color, containing impure magenta, obtain- 
ed as a by-product from the mother-liquors in 
the manufacture of magenta. 
