grin 
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The poor artist began to perceive that he was an object 9. To study or learn by close application or 
' hard work ; master laboriously : as, to grind out 
a problem. [Colloq.] An ax to grind. Seeazi. 
Ground glass. See glass. 
II. iii trans. 1. To perform the act or opera- 
tion of grinding, grating, or harshly rubbing ; 
turn a mill, a grindstone, or some similar ma- 
chine. 
of derision rather than of respect to the rude grinning 
mob. Thackeray, Pendennis, II. 35. 
I know it is a sin 
For me to sit and grin 
At him here. 
0. W. Holinei, The Last Leaf. 
Grinning-niatch, an old game performed by two or more 
persons endeavoring to exceed each other in the distortion 
of their features, each of them having his head thrust 
through a horse s collar. Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 
476. 
II. trans. If. To snarl with, as the teeth m 
grinning. [Rare.] 
They neither could defend, nor can pursue ; 
But ariim'd their teeth, and cast a helpless view. 
Dryden, ,neid. 
2. To effect by grinning. 
He ceased, for both seem'd highly pleased, and Death 
Grinn'd horrible a ghastly smile. Milton, P. L., Ii. 846. 
grin 1 (grin), . [< grin 1 , .] The act of with- 
drawing the lips and showing the teeth ; hence, 
a broad smile; especially, a forced, derisive, 
sardonic, or vacant smile. 
Attempts a Smile, and shocks you with a Grin. 
Congrcve, Of Pleasing. 
The muscles were so drawn together on each side of his 
face that he shewed twenty teeth at a grin. 
Addiaon, Grinning Match. 
Thurth helm & bed hastili to the brest it grint. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3443. 
Two shal be grindinge at the rnyll, and one shal be re- 
ceaued & the other shal be refused. 
Bible of 1551, Mat. xxiv. 41. 
Sleep, which had grown fitful in the London season, 
came back to us at once in our berths, unscared by the 
grinding of the screw. Froude, Sketches, p. 66. 
Habitually came a barrel-organist, and ground before 
the barracks. Uowdls, Venetian Life, ii. 
2. To be grated or rubbed together: as, the 
jaws grind. 
The villainous centre-bits 
Grind on the wakeful ear in the hush of the moonless 
nights. Tennyson, Maud, i. 
3. To be ground or pulverized by pounding or 
rubbing: as, dry corn grinds fine. 4. To be 
polished or sharpened by friction: as, marble 
or steel grinds readily. 5. To perform tedious 
and distasteful work; drudge; especially, to 
study hard ; prepare for examination by close 
' / D' Israeli," CalUm. of Authors, II. 378. application. [College slang.] 
grin 2 t (grin), n. [Sc. also green, grien ; early He's a fellow that grinds, and so he can't help getting 
mod. E. also grynne, grenne; < ME. grin, gryit, some prizes. 
grine, gryne, grene, greene (also grune, groiie, grind (grind), n. [< grind, v.] 1. The act of 
grane (see also gnare)), < AS. grin, gryn, t., dial, grinding, or turning a mill, a grindstone, etc. 
(Ps.) also girn, giren, gyren, a snare. Connec- 2. The sound of grinding or grating, 
tions unknown.] A snare or trap which snaps OYer tne blare { trumpets, and the grind and crash of 
and closes when a certain part is touched. the collision, they arose. L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 156. 
The proud haue laid a snare for me, & spred a net with 
cordes in my pathwaye, and set grennes for me. 
Geneva Bible (1561X Ps. cxl. 5. 
But rather snared them with their owne grynne who 
came purposely to entrap hym. J. Udall, On Mark x. 
grincomest (gring'kumz), . Syphilis. [Low 
cant.] 
I am now secure from the grineomes, 
I can lose nothing that way. Massinger, Guardian, iv. 
The perpetual grinds of the engine and the screw are 
unheard. Congregationalist, July 14, 1887. 
3. Hard or tedious and distasteful work; con- 
stant employment ; especially, in college slang, 
laborious study ; close application to study. 
How wearily the grind of toil goes on 
Where love is wanting ! 
Whittier, Life without an Atmosphere. 
It was a steady arind of body and brain, this work of 
grind (grind), f.; pret. and pp. ground, ppr. grind- starting . u M.Stanley, Livingstone's Life Work, p. 396. 
ing. [< ME. grinden (pret. grand, pi. grounde, who had but two weekfl h , n hu lygrindt 
pp. grounden, grunden), <. Ab. grinaan (pret. 
grand, grond, pi. grundon, pp. grunden), grind; 
not found in other Teut. tongues, except in 
grinding-plate 
noise it makes. Compare spinner, wheel-bird. 
[Local, Eng.] Grinders' asthma, in pathol., pneu- 
monoconiosis in knife-grinders, especially when compli- 
cated by the induction of tuberculosis or emphysema. Also 
called grinders' phthisis, yrinderi rot . Spring grind- 
er, a grinding-tool used in a lathe, especially for form- 
ing holes in metal which do not extend entirely through 
the object. It consists of two rods connected at one end 
by a spring, like that of a sheep-shears, and each carry-- 
ing at the other end a small cubical casting of lead. The 
spring causes the tool to maintain a constant pressure 
upon the sides of the hole. The grinding is accomplished 
by means of emery. 
The spring grinder ... is used for grinding out short 
holes in works that admit of being mounted in the lathe. 
0. Byrne, Artisan's Handbook, p. 142. 
To take a grinder, to apply the left thumb to the tip 
of the nose, and revolve the right hand round it : a ges- 
ture of derision or contempt. Halliwell. 
Here Mr. Jackson smiled once more upon the company ; 
and, applying his left thumb to the tip of bis nose, worked 
a visionary coffee-mill with his right hand : thereby per- 
forming a very graceful piece of pantomime (then much 
in vogue, but now, unhappily, almost obsolete) which was 
familiarly denominated taking a grinder. 
Dickens, Pickwick, xxxl. 
grindery (grin'der-i), n. ; pi. grinderies (-iz). 
[< grind + -ery.~\ 1 . A place where knives, etc., 
are ground. 2. A place where knives, and 
hence, by extension, other articles, as leather, 
etc., used by shoemakers, are sold: now called 
grindery warehouse. [Eng.] 3. Shoemakers' 
and other leather- workers' materials ; findings. 
[Eng.] 
grinding (grin'ding), n. [< ME. grinding, grint- 
ing ; verbal n. of grind, v.~\ The act of one who 
grinds ; the action of a mill that grinds corn ; 
a crushing or grating sound; gnashing, as of 
teeth. 
Hlr heryng ful of waimenting and grinting of teeth. 
Chaneer, Parson's Tale. 
grinding-bed (grin'ding-bed), n. A form of 
grinding-machine for finishing accurately large 
slabs of stone. It consists of a frame carrying amov- 
ing bed or platform, on which the slab is placed, and a 
heavy flat grinding-plate of iron, hung from cranks con- 
nected with shafts which are rotated by gearing. When 
the machine is in use, the grinding-plate moves with a 
circular motion, and the platform with the slab receives 
simultaneously a reciprocating motion, which brings every 
part of the slab under the action of the plate. 
slabs of marble and stone are ground very accu- 
certain derivatives (see grist) ; prob. = It.fren- 
dere, gnash (the teeth), crush or grind to pieces. 
Connection with L./ricare, rub, crumble (see 
friction, etc.), Gr. xpiuv, graze, smear (see 
cfcra,etc.), Skt.-^gharsh, grind, is doubtful.] 
I. trans. 1. To break and reduce to fine par- 
ticles by pounding, crushing, or rubbing, as in 
Rebecca Harding Dams, in Congregationalist, 
[Aug. 11, 1887. 
4. One who studies laboriously or with dogged 
application. [College slang.] 5. A piece of 
satire; a jest. [College slang.] 6. A satirist; 
an inveterate jester. [College slang.] 
Grindelia (grin-de'li-a), n. [NL., named after 
Hieronymus Grindel (1776-1836), professor of 
botany at Kiga and Dorpat.] A genus of as- 
grinding-bench (grin'ding-bench), . Inplate- 
glass nianiif., a platform or table of stone, usu- 
ally 15 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 18 inches 
high, on which a plate of glass is embedded 
in plaster of Paris so as to be perfectly level. 
The plate is then polished by the action of swing-tables 
a mill or a mortar, or with the teeth ; bray; tnt- teroid composites, coarse herbs or sometimes 
' "' '"- xl ' ---- j=_~ t- -_: i 
urate: as, to grind corn. 
shrubby, with rather large radiate terminal 
but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to pow- 
der. Luke xx. 18. 
Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; heads of yellow flowers, and with the foliage 
- usua lly covered with a viscid balsamic secre- 
tion. There are about 25 species, found in the western 
United States, Mexico, and Chili. From the amount of 
viscid secretion covering them, they are often known as 
gum-plants. Several species have been used medicinally 
in asthma, bronchitis, poteoning by species of Khus (as 
poison-ivy), and other complaints. 
. To wear down, smooth, or sharpen by fric- grinder (gnn'der), n. [< ME. gryndere, a miller, 
ion ; give a smooth surface, edge, or point to, as < AS. "grindere (Somner : not verified), < grin- 
dan, grind: see grind.'] 1. One who or that 
which grinds, (a) One who grinds corn ; formerly, one 
who ground corn with a hand-mill. 
2. To produce by grinding, or by action com- 
parable to that of grinding: as, to grind flour; 
to grind out a tune on an organ. 
Take the millstones, and grind meal. Isa, xlvii. 2. 
3 
tion, . _ . . 
by friction of a wheel or revolving stone ; whet. 
I have ground the axe myself ; do but you strike the 
blow. Shalt., Pericles, i. 2. 
To secure perfect smoothness in motion, each rack and 
pinion is ground in. Sci. Amer., N. S., LVIII. 258. 
4. To grate or rub harshly together; grit. 
Then sore he grint and strayined his teeth apace. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. B.\ 1. 3267. 
Go charge my goblins that they grind their joints 
With dry convulsions ; shorten up their sinews 
With aged cramps. Shalt., Tempest, iv. 1. 
5. To set in motion or operate, as by turning 
a crank: as, to grind a coffee-mill; to grind a 
hand-organ. 6. To oppress by severe exac- 
tions; afflict with hardship or cruelty. 
They care not how they grind and misuse others, so they 
may exhilarate their own persons. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 208. 
Now Roman is to Roman 
More hateful than a foe, 
And the tribunes beard the high. 
And the fathers grind the low. 
Macaulay, Horatlus. 
He did not hesitate to grind a man when he had him in 
his clutches, and on this account he made enemies. 
J. C. Harris, Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 703. 
7. To satirize severely ; make a jest of. [Col- 
lege slang.] 8. To teach in a dull, laborious 
manner. 
When the kepers of the house shall tremble, and the 
strong men shall bowe themselnes, and the grinders shal 
cease because they are f ewe. 
Gene 
(b) One of the double teeth used to grind or triturate the 
food ; a molar ; hence, a tooth in general. See molar. 
Dear Dr. Johnson loved a leg of pork, 
And on it often would his grinders work. 
Wolcot, Bozzy and Piozzl. 
(c) One who sharpens or polishes cutting instruments : 
as, a scissors-grinder. 
Tell me, Knife-grinder, how came you to grind knives? 
, Canning, Friend of Humanity. 
(d) One who prepares students for examination ; a cram- 
mer ; a coach ; also, a hard student. [College slang. | 
Put him into the hands of a clever grinder or crammer, 
portion of Latin 
h, Patronage, iii. 
(e) A grinding-machine ; any implement or tool for grind- 
ing or polishing : as, an emery grinder. 
Now exhort 
Thy hinds to exercise the pointed steel 
On the hard rock, and give a wheely form 
To the expected grinder. J. Philips, Cider. 
2. The dish-washer or restless flycatcher, Sei- 
sura inquieta. See Seisura. [Australia.] 3. 
ing-benches by machinery. 
The machinery for driving the beam is fixed in a frame 
about six feet square and eighteen inches high, placed 
between the two grinding-benches. 
0. Byrne, Artisan's Handbook, p. 112. 
grinding-block (grin'ding-blok), . A block 
of rough or gritty material, such as emery, 
used for grinding hard bodies. 
grinding-clamp (grin'ding-klamp), H. An ad- 
justable clamp forming an essential part of a 
form of grinder used for finishing cylindrical 
metal rods of medium size. It is attached to the 
rest of the grinder by a pair of binding-screws, and held 
at the proper distance by a pair of set-screws, the rod be- 
ing held between the clamp and the other part of the 
grinder. Sometimes the grinder of this form is itself 
called a grinding-clamp. 
grinding-frame (grin'ding-fram), w. An Eng- 
lish term for a cotton-spinning machine. E. 
H. Knight. 
grinding-houset (grin'ding-hous), n. A house 
of correction : probably in allusion to the tread- 
mill. 
I am a forlorne creature, what shall keepe mee but that 
I must goe hence into the griiuling -house to prison? 
Terence in English (1641). 
grinding-lathe (grin'diug-laTH), n. A small 
grindstone driven by a foot-wheel and treadle. 
grindingly (grin'ding-li), adr. In a grinding 
manner; cruelly; oppressively. Quarterly Her, 
grinding-machine (giin'ding-ma-shen"), n. A 
machine of any kind for grinding, as for sharp- 
ening edge-tools, polishing stone or glass, etc. 
See urinding-bed, grinding-bencli. 
grinding-mill (grin 'ding-mil), . A mill at 
which or by means of which grinding is done. 
Saltpeter-and-sulphur grinding-mill, in powder - 
manuf., a machine consisting of two edge-wheels rotating 
in an annular pan, used to grind and incorporate sulphur 
and saltpeter for making powder. 
grinding-plate (griii'ding-plat), . The metal- 
