gulf 
The heavens between their fairy fleeces pale 
Sow d all their mystic gulfs with fleeting stars. 
Tennyson, Gardener's Daughter. 
3. Something that engulfs or swallows, as the 
gullet, or a whirlpool ; figuratively, misfortune. 
Hast thou not read in bookes of fell Charybdis goulfe ? 
Turberville, Pyndara's Answer to Tymetes. 
England his approaches makes as fierce 
As waters to the sucking of a gulf. 
Shak., Hen. V., ii. 4. 
A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. 
Tennyson, Sea Dreams. 
4. A wide interval, as in station, education, 
and the like : as, the gulf that separates the 
higher and lower classes. 5. In Cambridge 
University, England, the place at the bottom 
of the list of passes where the names of those 
who have barely escaped being plucked in ex- 
amination are written. These names are sepa- 
rated by a line from those of the students who 
have passed creditably. 
The ranks of our curatehood are supplied by youths 
whom at the very best merciful examiners have raised from 
the very gates of "pluck " to the comparative paradise of 
the gulf. Saturday Rev. 
Some ten or fifteen men just on the line, not bad enough 
to be plucked or good enough to be placed, are pat into 
the iiulf. as it is popularly called (the Examiners' phrase 
is " Degrees allowed ' ), and have their degrees given them, 
but are not printed in the Calendar. 
C. A. Bristed, English University, p. 259. 
6. In mining, a large deposit of ore in a lode. 
Gulf Stream, an oceanic current which first becomes 
apparent near the north coast of Cuba, whence it advances 
eastward to the Bahamas, then, turning northward, fol- 
lows the Atlantic coast with a velocity of from 2 to 5 miles 
an hour, gradually expanding in breadth and diminishing 
in depth, but distinctly perceived beyond the eastern 
edge of Newfoundland as far as about SO degrees west 
longitude. Its average breadth from Bermuda to the 
neighborhood of Nova Scotia is from 300 to 400 miles. Its 
comparatively high temperature (10 to 20 degrees above 
that of the surrounding ocean), rapid motion, and deep- 
blue color make the Gulf Stream a most remarkable phe- 
nomenon, and even more interesting than the Kuro Siwo, 
thecorresponding current on the Asiatic coast of the Pacific 
ocean. The Gulf Stream exerts a most important influence 
in moderating the climate of France, the British islands, 
and other parts of western Europe. The distance to which 
the influence of the Gulf Stream Is felt in a northeasterly 
direction has been the subject of much discussion among 
thalassographers. It seems pretty clearly established, 
however, that a considerable proportion of the effect pro- 
duced on the climate of northern Europe which was for- 
merly ascribed exclusively to the Gulf Stream is in reality 
due to a current coming from the Antilles (the Antilles 
stream), which joins the Gulf Stream to the north of the 
Bahamas. 
gulf (gulf), v. [Formerly also gulph; < gulf, n. 
Cf. engulf.] I. trans. 1. To swallow; engulf; 
cast down, as into a gulf. 
Cast himself down, 
And gulf'd his griefs in inmost sleep. 
Tennijson, Pelleas and Ettarre. 
2. In the University of Cambridge, to place in 
the gulf, or among those students who have 
barely escaped being plucked in their final ex- 
amination. 
Being gulfed was therefore about as bad for a Small- 
Colleger as being plucked, since it equally destroyed his 
chance of a Fellowship. 
C. A. Bristed, English University, p. 259. 
Il.t in trans. To flow like the waters of a gulf. 
Then doo the Aetnean Cyclops him affray, 
And deep Charybdis gulphing in and out. 
Spenser, Virgil's Gnat, 1. 543. 
gulfweed (gulf 'wed), n. A coarse olive sea- 
, weed, Sargas- 
sum baccife- 
rum, belong- 
ing to the sub- 
order Fucacece. 
It has its specific 
name from the 
numerous grape- 
like air-vessels by 
which it is buoy- 
ed. It was first 
discovered by Co- 
lumbus. S. vul- 
gare is also some- 
times called gulf- 
weed. Gulfweed 
grows attached in 
the West Indies, 
where it fruits, 
and is found float- 
ing and infertile 
in the course of 
the Gulf Stream 
and in the Sargas- 
so sea (a tract of 
water so called 
from the masses 
of floating gulf- 
weed in it, some- 
times so dense as 
to impede navigation), from latitude 20 to 45* N. Far- 
low, Marine Alg of New England. Also called drif tweed. 
gulfy (gul'fi), a. [Formerly also guiphy; < gulf 
+ -y 1 .] Full of gulfs or whirlpools. 
2654 
To puss the ijulfy purple sea that did no sea-rites know. 
Chapman. 
Rivers, arise ; whether thou be the son 
Of utmost Tweed, or Oose, or guiphy Dun. 
Milton, Vacation Exercise, 1. 92. 
And guiphy Shnois, rolling to the main 
Helmets, and shields, and godlike heroes slain. 
J'ope, Iliad, xii. 
gul-guKgul'gul),?!. [E.Iud.] Asortof chunam 
or cement made of pounded sea-shells mixed 
with oil, which hardens like stone, and is used 
in India to cover ships' bottoms. It is impen- 
etrable by worms even when unprotected by 
copper. 
gulinula (gu-lin'u-lii), . [NL. , < L. gitla, throat, 
+ -in- + dim. -ufa.J A name given by Hyatt 
to that stage of development of a young actino- 
zoan, as a coral, which comes next after the 
hydroplanula, and in which an actinostome or 
gullet is formed. See the extract. 
During this process [invagination of the blastopore] the 
blastopore Is carried inwards, and the internal opening of 
the actinostome thus becomes the homologue of the prim- 
itive blastopore of the hydroplauula, and also represents 
the external orifice of the body of the Hydrozoa. This 
[is the] gullet-larval or gulinula stage. 
Hunt!, Proc. Bost Soc. Nat Hist., 1884, p. 118. 
gulinular (gu-lin'u-lar), a. [< gulinula + -ar 3 .] 
Of or pertaining 'to a gulinula. Also gullet- 
larval. 
gulistt (gu'list), )i. [Equiv. to L. gulo(n-), a 
glutton, < gula, the gullet : see gule 1 , gole*.~\ A 
glutton. 
gull 1 (gul), . [< ME. goll (rare), an unfledged 
bird, prob. < Icel. golr, usually gulr = Sw. Dan. 
gul, yellow (cf. gulaund), = E. yellow, in refer- 
ence to the yellow color of the beak (cf. F. 
bejaune, a novice, lit. 'yellow-beak'), or, in the 
case of the gosling, to the yellow color of the 
young feathers : see yellow.] If. An unfledged 
bird ; a nestling. 
If a nest of briddis thou fyndlst, and the moder to the 
bryddis [in another MS. gollis] or to the eyren above sit- 
tynge, thow shalt not hold hyr with the sones. 
Wyclif, Deut xxii. (Oil.). 
You used us so 
As that ungentle <jull the cuckoo's bird 
Useth the sparrow. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 1. 
2. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A large trout. 
[Scotch.] Compare gulljish. 4. The bloom of 
the willow in the spring. [Prov. Eng.] 5. A 
simpleton ; a fool ; a dupe ; one easily cheated. 
Yond' gull Malvolio is turned heathen, a very renegado. 
Shak.,T. N.,liL2. 
The contemporary world is apt to be the fmll of bril- 
liant parts. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 113. 
6. A cheating or cheat ; a trick ; fraud. 
To be revenged on you for the gull you put upon him. 
Chapman, All Fools, iv. 1. 
I should think this a gull, but that the white-bearded 
fellow speaks It Shak., Much Ado, ii. 3. 
7. [Cf. hull-gull.] A kind of game. Moor. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
gull 1 (gul), v. t. [< qutt 1 , n., 5, 6.] To deceive ; 
cheat; mislead by deception ; trick; defraud. 
Keep your money, be not gulled, be not laughed at 
Fletcher (and another), Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2. 
In the night time by some flre-workes in the steeple, 
they would haue gulled the credulous people with opin- 
ion of miracle. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 271. 
The vulgar, yulFd into rebellion, armed. Dryden. 
-Syn. To dupe, cozen, beguile, impose upon. 
gull 2 (gul), n. [< Corn, gallon = W. gwylan = 
Bret, gwelan, a gull. Cf. guillemot.] 1. Along- 
winged, web-footed bird of the subfamily Lari- 
twe, family Laridce, and order Longinennes. There 
are more than 50 species, inhabiting all parts of the 
world, belonging chiefly to the leading genus Larus ; 
other genera are Chroicocephalus, Xema, and Rhodostc- 
thia. Many of the species are marine or maritime, but 
gulls are also found over most of the large bodies of fresh 
water of the globe. They are strong and buoyant fliers, 
spending much of the time on the wing, and are voracious 
feeders upon fish or any animal substances which they can 
find in the water. They do not dive. The nest is usually 
placed on the ground or on rocks, and the eggs are two or 
(Sarfassit 
leaf; />, 
Common Gull, 
-gull (Larut canus j. 
gull-catcher 
three in number and heavily colored. The voice is raucous 
or shrill, and the birds are very noisy, especially during 
the breeding season. The characteristic coloration is 
white with a pearly, bluish, or fuscous mantle, the pri- 
maries usually marked with black ; the white in some cases 
has a beautiful rosy hue. In one group of species the 
head is enveloped in a dark-colored hood; In another the 
whole plumage is dark, except the white head : in the 
ivory gull the entire plumage is white. In the kittiwakes, 
which constitute the genus Minna, the hind toe is rudimen- 
tary. Among representative species are the ice-gull or 
burgomaster, Larus glaucus, and the great black-backed 
gull, /.. munnus, these two being the largest species ; the 
herring-gull, L. argentatus ; the mew -gull, L. canus; the 
hooded gulls, Chroicocephalus atriciila; the fork -tailed 
gull, Xema sabinei ; and the wedge-tailed gull, Rhode- 
stethia rosea. In the larger gulls the bill is strong and 
hooked ; in the smaller kinds it is slenderer and straight- 
er, and these grade directly into the terns or sea-swallows. 
See cuts under burgomaster and Chroicocephalus. 
2. Some sea-bird resembling a gull, as a skua 
or jiiger, a tern or sea-swallow, a booby or 
gannet, etc Arctic gull. See arctic-binl. Black- 
backed gull, one of several species with black or black- 
ish mantle : as, the great black-backed gull, the blackback, 
cob, coffin-carrier, or wagel, Larus inarinus ; the lesser 
black-backed gull, Larus fuscus, a common European spe- 
cies. Black or black-toed gull, the skua. Black- 
headed gull, any gull of the genus Chroicocephalus 
(which see). The European C. ridibvndus is also called 
bruu*n-headtd yull ; the American C. atriciila is commonly 
known as laughing-gull. Brown gull, the brown gannet 
or booby of the south seas, the Hula fusca of naturalists. 
CaJlochan gull, Aan ridibundug, the black-headed gull : 
so called from a loch of that name. [Scotland.] Car- 
rion-gull, the great black -backed gull, Larus marinus. 
[Ireland.] Cloven-footed guilt, an old book-name of 
the common black tern, a species of Hydrochelidon for- 
merly called Sterna jissipes, from its deeply incised webs. 
Colonel gull, the young of the great black-backed gull 
in gray plumage. Common gull, Larut canus, the com- 
mon mew, sea-mew, or mew -gull : so called in Great Brit- 
ain. Crape gull, one of the smaller sea-gulls when in 
gray plumage. [.N ew Eng.] Glaucous gull, the burgo- 
master, Larus glaucus. Glaucous-winged gull, Larus 
glaucescens, a common gull of the Pacific coast of North 
America, like a herring-gull, but with the black of the 
primaries replaced by pale blue. Goose-gull, the great 
black-backed gull. [Ireland.] Gray gull (a) The La- 
rus glaucescens of the western coast of North America, (6) 
The young of the herring-gull, Larus argenlatutt, and of 
sundry related species, when the plumage is mostly gray. 
[Eastern North America.]- Green-billed gull, the com- 
mon gulL Iceland gull, one of two gulls found in Ice- 
land : (n> The burgomaster. (6) The white-winged gull, 
Larus leucopterus. Both have been called Larus islandi- 
cus. Kittiwake gull. See kittiu-ake. Laughing-gull, 
some species of Cnrou-ocephalitx, as C. ridibundus of Eu- 
rope or C. atricil/a of America. Pewit-gull, the Eu- 
ropean black-headed gull, Chrdicocephalus ridibundus. 
See pewit. [Local, British. ] Red-legged gull, the pewit. 
[Ireland. ] Ring-billed gull, one of the commonest gulls 
of the United States, Larus delau-aremis, formerly L. zo- 
norhynchus, having a yellow bill with a red spot and a black 
ring near the end. It is much like the herring-gull, but 
smaller. Rosy gull, some small gull, as of the genus 
Chroicocephalus, whose plumage in the breeding season 
has an exquisite blush over the under parts ; specifical- 
ly, the wedge-tailed gull, Rhodostethia rosea, more fully 
called Ross's rosy gull. Silvery gull [a book-name trans- 
lating Larus argentatus]. Same as herring-gull. Swal- 
low-tailed gull, the Larus (Creaarvs) furcatus, a large 
and extremely rare gull of the Galapagos and neighbor- 
ing coasts, with a long, deeply forked tail. Wagel gull, 
the great black-backed gull, and especially its young. 
White gull. Same as kittiwake gull. White-headed 
gull, one of several species of dark, sooty, or fuscous plu- 
mage, having the head white in the adult. The best-known 
is Larus (Blaxipus) heermani, common in California. 
White-Winged gull, a gull whose pale-pearly mantle 
fades into white on the primaries without any dark mark- 
ings ; specifically, Larun leucopterus of Europe and North 
America. Winter gull. Same as kittiwake gull. (See 
also herring-gull, ice-gull, ivory-gull.) 
gull 3 t (gul)) " [Early mod. E. gul, guile; a var. 
of gole*, goofi. Cf. gullet, gully^.~\ A channel 
for water; also, a stream. 
Theyre passage sodeynely stopped by a gre&iegul (ingens 
vorago) made with the violence of the streames y ranne 
doune the raountaines, by wearing awaye of the earthe. 
J. Brende, tr. of Quintus Curtius, fol 116. 
gulPt (gul), t-. t. [Cf. gulp, n., gully\ .] To 
sweep away by the force of running water: 
same as gully 1 . 
The bank has been gulled down by the freshet Hall. 
gull*t (gul), v. t. [Cf. gully*, gully*, gullet.] To 
swallow. 
If I had got seven thousand pounds by offices, 
And gull'd down that, the bore would have been bigger. 
tliddleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 
These here [at a monastery] made us a collection, where 
I could not but observe their gulling in of wine with a 
deer felicity. Sandye, Travailes, p. 86. 
gullaget (gul'aj), n. [< gulfl + -age.] The act 
of gulling, or the state of being gulled. 
Had you no quirk 
To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature? 
B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 
gull-billed (gul'bild), a. Having a bill shaped 
like that of a gull : specifically applied to a sin- 
gle species of tern or sea-swallow, the marsh- 
tem, Gelochelidon anglica, of Europe, Asia, and 
America. See cut under Gelochelidon. 
gull-catcher (gurkach'fer), . A cheat; a man 
who cheats or entraps silly people. 
