gymnobranchiate 
ked, + ,</>;, \ia, gills: see brunchiie.] I. a. Hav- 
ing uaked or exposed gills, as a gastropod ; spe- 
cifically, of or pertaining to the Gymnobrnn- 
chintu ; nudibranchiate. 
II. n. A gastropod belonging to the Gyiiuio- 
brancltittta; a nudibranchiate. 
gymnocarpOUS (jim-no-kiir'pus), a. [< Gr. ; v/i- 
v6f, naked, + Kapx6{, fruit.] lu bot., having a 
naked fruit; especially, of lichens, having the 
apothecia expanded, saucer- or cup-shaped: 
applied to a large group of genera in which the 
apothecium is open and attached to the surface 
of the thallus. 
gymnocaulus (jiin-no-ka'lus), . [NL., < Gr. 
)v/iv6f, naked, + Kav7.cn;, stalk, stem: see caulis.] 
The immature contractile stalk of a polypid, 
called by Sars the contractile cord, in such a 
form as Jtliabdopleura. It eventually becomes 
the pectocaulus. E. R. Lankester. 
Gymnoceplialusfjim-no-sef'a-lus), . [NL., < 
Gr. j u/ivof, naked, + KefaAq, head.] 1. A genus 
of fishes. Bloch, 1801. 2. A notable genus of 
South American fruit-crows, of the subfamily 
Gymnoderiiue. The type and only species is G . 
cah'its or G. cajmcinus. Geoffrey, 1809. 
Gymnocerata (jim-no-ser'a-ta), n. pi. [NL., 
neut.pl. of gi/mnoceratus: see ' gymuoeeratous.] 
A series of heteropterous insects, including 
those which are chiefly terrestrial and aerial, 
and have the antennas prominent, whence the 
name : equivalent to the Geocorisce of Latreille : 
contrasted with Cryptocerata. 
These, with the subaquatic forms which we have just 
considered, compose the great section Gymnocerata ot Fie- 
I" i, just as the essentially aquatic assemblages belong to 
his ... Cryptocerata. Stand. Nut. Hist., II. 276. 
gymnoceratOUS (jim-no-ser'a-tus), a. [< NL. 
i/yniHoeeratus, < Gr. yv/ivof, naked, + nepac (KC- 
par-), horn.] In entom., having prominent an- 
tennsa ; specifically, having the characters of the 
Gymnocerata. 
Gymnochila (jim-uo-ki'la), . [NL. (Erich- 
son, 1844), < Gr. yv/fv6f, naked, + ^f(Aof, lip.] 
A genus of clavicorn beetles, of the family Tro- 
goitidai. There are about a dozen species, all African, 
having the eyes divided in both sexes, and the superior 
parts strongly separated. 
Gyinnochiiinae (jim' / no-ki-li'ne), n. pi. [NL. 
(Lacordaire, 1854, as Gynmochilides), < Gymno- 
chila + -ince.] A subfamily of Trogositidte, rep- 
resented by the genera Gymnochila, Leporina, 
and Anacrypta, having in the males 4 eyes, the 
upper pair large, the lower smaller. 
Gymnpchroa (jim-nok'ro-a), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
*yu[i.v6xpoo(;, contr. yv/iv<$xpovf, having the body 
naked, (. yu/iv6f, naked, 4- %P a > skin, surface.] 
The fresh-water group of hydroid hydrozoans 
containing the family Sydridce: same as Eleu- 
theroblastea. 
gymnocidium (jim-no-sid'i-um), n.; pi. gym- 
nocirlia (-a). [NL., ^ Gr. yv/ivof, naked, + -c- 
(a mere insertion) + dim. -iStov.] In hot., the 
swelling occasionally found at the base of the 
spore-ease in urn-mosses. 
Gymnocitta (jim-no-sit'a), . [NL., < Gr. i'vft- 
vof, naked, 4- KITTU, Attic form of niaaa, a chat- 
tering bird, perhaps the jay.] A notable ge- 
nus of crow- 
like Ameri- 
can jays with 
naked nos- 
trils (whence 
the name), 
the jays 
usually hav- 
ing the nos- 
trils fea- 
thered. The 
general form is 
that of a crow, 
with long point- 
ed wings and 
short square 
tail ; the color 
is entirely blue ; 
and the bill is 
shaped like that 
of a starling. 
The only species 
IB G. cyawtcephala, the blue crow or pifton jay of west- 
ern North America. Gymniirhinus is a synonym. Origi- 
nally Gymnokitta. Maximilian, 1850. 
Gymnocladus (jim-nok'la-dus), M. [NL., < Gr. 
yvfiv&i;, naked, 4- K/arfof, branch.] A genus of 
leguminous trees, closely allied to the honey- 
locust (Gli-ditxrliiti), and indigenous through- 
out the Ohio valley. The only species, G. Canadcnsa, 
known as the Kentucky coffer-tree, is a large ornamental 
timber-tree with stout branchlets, doubly pinnate leaves, 
and small flowers, followed by long hard pods inclosing 
several large seeds. Us wood is heavy, strong, and dura- 
2666 
ble, of a rich reddish-brown color, taking a high polish 
and occasionally used in cabinet-work. The seeds were 
formerly used as a 
substitute for cof- 
fee. 
gymnocyta 
(jim-nos'i-ta), n. 
[NL., < Gr.">/i- 
vof, naked, + 
KI'TOJ, a hollow 
(a cell).] A uni- 
cellular organ- 
ism which is na- 
ked or not cor- 
ticate, and cor- 
responds some- 
what to species 
of Gymnomyxa : 
distinguished 
from Icpocyta. 
The /..mills of this 
group [Infusoria] of 
the Protozoa are es- 
sentially unicellu- 
lar ; in the lowest forms they may consist of a naked cell 
(gymnocyta), or in the higher they may possess a cell- 
membrane (1 
Kentucky Coffee-tree (Gymnocladus Ca- 
nadtHsis). a, part of male flower, show- 
ing stamens ; l>, fruit ; f, seed. 
'.me 
rfida. 
(lepocyta). 
Stand. Nat. Ilia., I. '28. 
gymnocyte (jim'n9-sit), H. [< gymnocyta.] 
A gymnocyta. 
gymnocytode (jim-no-si'tod), . [< gymnocyte 
+ -ode.] A naked non-nucleated cell or cytode. 
Saeckel. 
gymnode (jim'nod), . A bird of the genus 
Gymnoderus. 
Gymnoderinse (jim-nod-e-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gymnodents + -ince.~\ 'A subfamily of Cotin- 
gidai, taking name from the genus Gymnoderus; 
the South American fruit-crows : so called from 
the nakedness of the throat of some species. 
The group includes the notable genera Querula, Pj/ro- 
derus, Gymnoderus, Gymnocephalux, Cephalopterux, and 
Chasmorhynchus, or the averanos, arapungas, bell-birds, 
umbrella-birds, etc. Also called Coracinte and Querulince. 
G. R. Gray, 1847. 
Gymnoderus (jim-nod'e-rus), w. [NL., < Gr. 
Xtijuwif, naked, + itpy, neck.] A genus of fruit- 
crows of South America, the type of the sub- 
family Gymnoderinai. The only species is the 
gymnode, G. fcetidus or nudicollis. Geoffrey, 
1809. Also called Coronis, and formerly Cora- 
cina. Also written Gymnodera. 
Gymnodon (jim'no-don), n. [NL., < Gr. yv/jv6f, 
naked, + 6A'.f (odovr-) = E. tooth.] The typi- 
cal genus of Gymnodontes. 
gymnodont (jim'no-dont), a. and w. [As Gym- 
nodon(t-).] I. a. fiaving naked teeth ; specifi- 
cally, pertaining to or having the characters of 
the Gymnodontidif. 
II. n. A gymnodout fish ; one of the Gymno- 
dontidce. 
Gymnodontes (jim-no-don'tez), w. pi. [NL., 
pi. of Gymnodon, q. V.] A group of plecto- 
gnath fishes, variously rated, (a) In Cuvier's system 
of classification, the first family of plectognaths, having 
jaws which are furnished, instead of teeth, with an ivory- 
like substance internally laminated, resembling the beak 
of a parrot^ and consisting of true teeth united and suc- 
ceeding each other as fast as they are worn away, (b) In 
Giinther's system, also, a family of plectognath fishes 
whose jaws are modified into a beak. (.) In Gill's system, 
a suborder of Plectognathi having no spinous dorsal fin, 
iff- 
Blue Crow (Gymnocitta cyanocfphala 
It contains several families, as Dtodontidce, Triodontidce, 
Tetrodmtidai, and ilolidce. Most of these fishes can blow 
themselves up into a more or less globular or spherical 
form by swallowing air, whence they have many popular 
names, as balloon-fish, bellowg-fth, bottle -fiith, box-ti'h, egy- 
fish, globe-fish, swell-fiithoi swell-toad, etc. (See globe-fish.) 
Some are covered with spines or prickles, whence such 
names as bur-fish, porcupine-fish, etc.; and the peculiarity 
of the teeth gives some of them the names rabbit-fish and 
parrot-fish. 
Gymnodontidse(jim-no-dou'ti-de), . pi. [NL., 
< Gymnodon(t-) + -idee: see Gymnodou.'] A 
family of plectognaths ; the swell-fishes. See 
Gymnodontes. 
gymnogen (jim'no-jen), n. [< Gr. yv[tv6(, naked, 
+ -ytviic, producing: see -gen.'] Same asgymno- 
xjicrm. 
gymnogene (jim'no-jen), . [< NL. Gyuiiio- 
genys, a generic name of the same bird, < Gr. 
yvfiviif, naked, + }fv>>( = E. chin.] A book-name 
of an African hawk, l'<>lyboroi<lrx typicus or /'. 
capentii.i. 
gymnogenous (jim-noj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. yo/iv6c, 
naked, + ->m/f, producing: see -genous.] 1. In 
bot.,&ameas(j!/mi/oxperinoi<s. 2. In ornith., na- 
ked when hatched, as most altricial birds ; psilo- 
pcedic : opposed to hesthogenous or ptilopaidic. 
Gymnogramme (jim-no-gi'am'e), n. [< Gr. 
; -I'/nx'if, naked, + ypaiipi, a mark, line, < MNifctv, 
write.] A genus of ferns, mostly tropical or 
gymnopaedia 
subtropical, various in habit aud venation, hav- 
ing sori arising from the veins over the whole 
lower surface of the 
frond. Eighty-four species 
are known, many of which are 
especially marked by the pres- 
ence of a yellow or silvery 
powder covering the under sur- 
face of the frond, on account 
of which they are called gold- 
or silver-ferns. 
gymnogynous (jim-uoj'i- 
nus), it. [< Gr. yvfivdf, na- 
ked, + ;tw), female (in 
mod. bot. an ovary).] 
In bot., having a naked 
ovary. 
Gymnolaemata (jim-no- 
le'ma-ta), 11. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. yvfivdf, naked, + /.at- 
/i6f, the throat.] An or- 
der Of eCtOprOCtOUS Or in- . Silver-rem (Uymno^r, 
fundibulate Poly:oa. It """">>' G -""f 
contains chiefly marine forms which have no epistome or 
valve to close down upon the mouth, no horseshoe-shaped 
lophophore, and a complete circlet of tentacles. The 
external skeleton is diversiform, chitinous, calcareous, or 
gelatinous. The young hatch as ciliated embryos which 
swim freely for a time. The order is divided into three 
suborders, Cyclostomata, Ctenontomata, and Chilostomata, 
to which some add a fourth, Paludicellce, containing fresh- 
water forms which have statoblasts. Most polyzoans be- 
long to this order, the families of which are numerous. 
They commonly resemble seaweeds, and some are known 
as sea-mats. The order is contrasted with Phylactolce- 
niata. Also, incorrectly, Gymnoltema. 
gymnolaematous (jim-no-le'ma-tus), a. Of or 
pertaining to the Gymnolainata. 
Gymnoloma (jim-no-16'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
yvfivof, naked, + /upa, the hem or fringe of a 
robe.] A genus of South African scarabeeoid 
beetles, giving name to the family Gymnolomi- 
dce. They have the two terminal teeth of the 
fore tibiae free, and all the tarsal claws simple. 
About 12 species are known. Dejean, 1833. 
Gynmolomidae (jim-no-loin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
(Gymnoloma + -ida:.] A family of Coleoptera, 
usually merged in Mtlolonthidai, Surmeister, 
1844. 
Gymnomera (jim-ng-me'ra), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of gymnomerus : see gyihiiomerons.] A divi- 
sion of cladocerous crustaceans ; a suborder of 
Cladocera, having a small shell, short legs, and 
rudimentary branchiae : contrasted with Calyp- 
tomera. It contains the families Podontidce, 
Polyphemidce, and Li-ptodorida:. 
gymnomerous (jim-no-me'rus), a. [< NL. gym- 
nomerus, < Gr. }t>|Uv(if ; naked, + fir/pAf, thigh.] 
Pertaining to or having the characters of the 
Gymnomera. 
Gymnomyxa (jim-uo-mik'sa), . pi. [NL., < 
Gr. "yvfivtif, naked, + /ufcfa, slime, mucus, also 
equiv. to /ivurt/p, the nose : see mucus.} A lower 
grade or series of Protozoa, including those pro- 
tozoans which are naked or not corticate, and 
consequently of no determinate form. They may 
protrude fllose or lobose pseudopodia, or exude plasmo- 
dia, and ingest food at any place in their bodies ; many of 
them construct hard shells of great beauty and complex- 
ity ; and they may also become encysted. An amoaba is a 
type of the whole series, which includes the mycetozoans, 
amccbee, labyrinthulines, heliozoans, foraminifers, and ra- 
diolarians. 
gymnomyxine (jim-no-mik'sin), . [As Gymno- 
myjca + -ine 1 .] Consisting of naked protoplasm 
or animal slime ; specifically, having the char- 
acters of the Gymnomyxa. 
gymnomyxon (jim-no-mik'son), . A member 
of the Gymnomyxa. 
Gymnonoti (jim-no-no'ti), . pi. [NL., pi. of 
Gymnonotiis.] An order or suborder of fishes, 
containing the electric eels. They are anguilliform, 
with a tapering tail ; have no dorsal or ventral fins, but 
a very extensive anal fin, the vent being consequently at 
the throat, and the anal I'm extending thence to the end 
of the tail; the body naked or provided with small scales; 
the mouth small ; and the gill-slits narrow. The group 
contains a single family, Gymnonotidai, or, according to 
others, two families, Electrophoridce and Stemopygidtf, 
the latter not electric. See cut under eel. 
GymnonotUS (jim-no-no'tus), n. [NL.. so 
called with ref . to the absence of dorsal fins ; 
< Gr. yvjiv&s, naked, + vurof, back.] Same as 
Gymtiottis, of which it is the uncontracted 
form. 
Gymnopaedes (jim-no-pe'dez), M. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. yvuvof, naked, + naif (;ra!-), child.] In or- 
nitli., same as Psilopa-des. 
gymnopaedia (jim-no-pe'di-a), . pi. [NL., < 
Gr. yv/jivoTrauYiai, < yv/nvuf, naked, + Traitiid, child- 
ish play, < Traifriv, play like a child.] An an- 
nual festival of ancient Sparta, so named from 
the dances and choruses performed by naked 
boys round the statues of Apollo, Artemis, and 
