halmalille 
marine worms, and also, by a certain oleaginous proper- 
ty, to preserve the iron from corrosion. It is exported 
from Ceylon to Madras, and used in building the ilasula 
boats adapted to the heavy surf of that coast. Its light 
wood is there known as Trincomali-u'ood. It is also used 
in Ceylon in house-building, etc. 
Halmaturidae (hal-ma-tu'ri-de), it.pl. [NL.,< 
Hiilmatiinis + -idee.'] A family of kangaroos, 
taking name from the genus Halmatiirus. See 
Macropodida!. Bonaparte, 1831. 
halmaturous (hal-ma-tu'rus), a. [< NL. Bat- 
umi urns, q. v.] Leaping with the assistance of 
the tail : an epithet of the kangaroos. 
Halmaturus (hal-ma-tu'rus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
a/./ia(T-), a spring, 'leap (< cMxmai, spring, 
leap), + ovpa, tail.] A genus of kangaroos, of 
the family Macropodidas, comprising the ordi- 
Brush-kangaroo, or Black Whallabce (tialmatnrns italafiatits). 
nary brush-kangaroos, whallabees, or pademe- 
lons, which have a naked muffle. Most of the 
species of the family belong to this genus, and are of 
moderate or small size. Such are H. atitilopinus, H. ben- 
netti, H. thetidift, and others. The range of the genus in- 
cludes Tasmania and New Guinea as well as Australia. 
It was founded by Dliger in 1811. 
halmotet, u. See liallmotc. 
halo (ha'16), n. [In ME. hale; = P. halo = Sp. 
halo, halon = Pg. halao = It. alone, < L. halos, 
gen. and ace. halo (= Ar. helah = Hind, hdlah, 
a halo), < Gr. d/luf, gen. and ace. a?M, Epic d"/.u>/, 
a threshing-floor (on which the oxen trod out 
a circular path), hence the round disk of the 
sun or moon, later a halo around them, < atelv, 
grind.] 1. A luminous circle, either white or 
colored, seen round the sun or moon, and com- 
monly of 22 or of 46 radius, the definite radii 
depending on the definite angles of ice-crystals. 
Sometimes one of these only is seen, and sometimes both 
appear at the same time. Halos are due to the refraction 
of light as it passes through minute ice-needles in the at- 
mosphere. They are frequently accompanied by super- 
numerary circles, parhelia or mock suns, paraselence or 
mock moons, and variously arranged white bands, crosses, 
or arcs. All of these phenomena are the result of the re- 
fraction, reflection, and diffraction of light when it falls 
upon crystals of ice suspended in the atmosphere. Halos 
and their attendant phenomena are more frequent in win- 
ter than in summer, and are more commonly observed in 
the arctic regions than in wanner climates. 
Halos must not be confounded with coronce those con- 
centric rings which encircle the sun or moon when seen 
through a mist or cloud. Halos, as we have seen, are red 
inside, coronfe are red outside. The size of the corome 
depends on the size of the drops of water in a mist or 
cloud, being smaller as the drops are larger. They are due 
to diffraction, and can only be explained by the help of the 
undulatory theory. Tail, Light, p. 133. 
2. A circle of light, as the nimbus surrounding 
the head of a saint. See nimbus. 3. A brown- 
ish circle round the nipple; an areola. 4. 
[NL.] PI. halones (hal'o-nez). In orniffi., cer- 
tain chiefly concentric rings of color in the yolk 
of an egg: an optical appearance due to the 
deposition of the yolk in successive layers or 
strata. 5. Figuratively, an ideal glow or glory 
investing an object as viewed through the me- 
dium of feeling or sentiment. 
The past always comes to us with a halo. 
S. Bowles, in Merriam, II. 423. 
halo (ha'16), v. [< halo, re.] I. intrans. To form 
a halo. [Rare.] 
His gray hairs 
Curled life-like to the fire 
That haloed round his saintly brow. 
Southey, Thalaba, ix. 
II. trans. To surround with a halo. 
The fact that a man is not yet haloed with the light 
that comes only when, in death or in hoary age, he re- 
calls to us the past, need not debar him from full recog- 
nition. Stednum, Viet. Poets, p. 410. 
Halobates (ha-lob'a-tez), n. [NL., < Gr. d/tf 
(in comp. dfa- and a/lo-), the sea, + /3dn?c, one 
that treads, < (iaiveiv, go, walk, tread.] A genus 
of heteropterous insects, of the family Nepidai : 
so called because the species are found on the 
surface of the sea. These bugs are truly pelagic. 
They are properly tropical and subtropical, but occur in 
great numbers on the tracts of sargassum, by which they 
are carried far north and south. Straggling specimens 
have been found as far north as North Carolina. Esch- 
Kcholtz. 
Halochlqa (ha-lok'lo-a), . [NL., < Gr. (ttf, the 
sea, + x^n, verdure'.] " A genus of algsa estab- 
2693 
lished by Kiitzing in 1843, the type of his fam- 
ily Halochlotf. It is characterized by fronds articulated 
at the base and provided with distinct leaves, solitary pet- 
ioled conceptacles, the angiocarps located in the periph- 
eral portion, and distinct petioled aerocysts crowned with 
leaflets. Lindley reduced this genus to a section of Sar- 
gassum. 
Halochloae (ha-lok'lo-e), n. pi. [NL., pi. of 
Halochloa.'] A family of algaa established by 
Kiitzing in 1843, coining under his tribe Angio- 
spermece, of the class Isocarpeie, and having the 
genus Halochloa as the type. It is now em- 
braced in the Fucacece. 
Halodroma (ha-lod'ro-ma), n. [NL., equiv. to 
"HaUdromus, < Gr. d/iiApd/Mf, running over the 
sea, < <Uf, the sea, + Spa/j.elv, run.] The typical 
genus of petrels of the subfamily Halodrominfe. 
Pelecanoides is a synonym of prior date, llliger, 
1811. Also written Haladroma. 
lialodrome (hal'o-drom), n. A bird of the ge- 
nus Halodroma. Also written haladrome. 
Halodrominae (ha-lod-ro-mi'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Halodroma + -.] An aberrant subfamily 
of Procellariidai, having short wings and tail as 
in diving birds, tridactyl feet, the nasal tubes 
vertical instead of horizontal, and a rudimen- 
tary gular pouch . Halodroma, is the typical and only 
genus. The species are found in southern seas, and resem- 
ble auks rather than petrels. The subfamily is also known 
as the family Peleeanoididai. 
halogen (hal'o-jen), n. [= F. halogene, < Gr. 
o/lf, salt, + -yevrif, producing: see -gen.~\ In 
chem., an element that forms a compound of a 
saline nature by its direct union with a metal. 
The halogens are chlorin, iodine, bromine, and fluorin, to 
which cyanogen may be added as a compound halogen. 
halogenia (hal-p-je'ni-a), n. [NL. : see halo- 
gen.] Same as halogen. 
halogenous (ha-loj'e-nus), a. [As halogen + 
-ous.~\ Having the nature of halogens ; gener- 
ating saline compounds. 
holography (ha-log'ra-fi), . [< Gr. d/f, salt, + 
--/ptufiia, < ypa<t>e.iv, write.] A description of salts. 
Thomas. 
haloid (ha'loid), a. and n. [< Gr. dAf, salt, + 
fWof, form.] I. a. In chem., like sea-salt: ap- 
plied to all those compounds which consist of 
a metal directly united to chlorin, bromine, 
iodine, cyanogen, or fluorin. They are distin- 
guished by the name of haloid salts because in 
constitution they are all similar to sea-salt. 
There is a class of bodies, the haloid ethers, which 
stand in nearly the same relation to the corresponding 
hydrogen compounds as benzoenitrite to hydrocyanic acid. 
E. FratMand, Exper. in Chemistry, p. 38. 
II. n. A haloid salt. 
Also spelled haloide. 
halomancy (hal'o-man-si), n. [< Gr. M, salt, 
+ fiavTeta, divination: see mantis.'] Divination 
in some manner by means of salt. Also writ- 
ten, less properly, alomancy. 
halones, n. Plural of halo, 4. 
Halonia (ha-16'ni-a), . [NL., < Gr. akwia, 
a threshing-floor, < dXwf. See Adfo.] A name 
given by Lindley and Hutton to a fossil found 
in the coal-measures, in regard to the nature 
and affinities of which there has been much 
discussion. It is now known to be a fruiting 
branch of Lepidophloios (which see). 
halophilous (ha-lof'i-lus), a. [< Gr. &A(, salt, 
+ tfn^.of, loving.] In bot., preferring or habit- 
ually growing in soil impregnated with salt, or 
various salts, as maritime plants. 
halophyte (hal'6-fit), . [< Gr. <Uf , salt, + IJIVTOV, 
a plant.] The saltwort, a plant, such as those 
of the genera Salicornia, Salsola, and Suceda, 
inhabiting salt marshes and sea-coasts. The 
ash after burning contains barilla and other 
salts. 
Haloragacese (hal"6-ra-ga'se-e), n. pi. [NL., 
< Haloragis + -acece.] An order of plants es- 
tablished by Lindley in 1846, including the Ha- 
loragea; as now defined and also the genus 
Trapa. 
Halorageae (hal-6-ra'je-e), n. pi. [NL., < Halo- 
ragis + -ea}.] A natural order of dicotyledonous 
polypetalous plants, characterized by small, 
often incomplete 2- to 4-merous flowers, in- 
ferior 1- to 4-celled ovary, with as many dis- 
tinct styles, solitary pendulous ovules, and 
fleshy albumen. They consist largely of aquatic herbs, 
the genera Hippuris, Myrinphyllum, Proserpinafa, and 
Callitriche being represented in North America. The or- 
der was originally established by Robert Brown, in 1814, 
as a series of the Onagrariacece. The term is also written 
by different authors Haloragacece, Haloragiaccce, and Ha- 
lorarfidetE. 
Haloragis (hal-o-ra'jis), n. [NL., irregX Gr. d?.f, 
the sea, + pd%, a berry.] The typical genus of 
the natural order Haloragew, founded by John 
and George Forster in 1776, consisting of about 
halse 
40 species of plants, chiefly Australasian, a few 
occurring in India and China, and one on the 
island of Juan Fernandez. The genus is botanically 
characterized by the possession of 4 petals, 8 stamens, a 
1- to 4-celled ovary with from 2 to 4 ovules in each cell, 
and plumose stigmas. The plants are chiefly low terres- 
trial herbs with small leaves, and bear inconspicuous axil- 
lary flowers which are sometimes unisexual, the pistillate 
(female) flowers in such cases being generally apetalous. 
Two Australian species, //. alata and //. tetragyna, are 
cultivated under the name of seaberry. 
halosaurian (hal-o-sa'ri-an), n. [As Halosau- 
nis + -ian.~\ An extinct marine saurian, as an 
ichthyosaur or a plesiosaur. 
The Halomurians, with their best known genera, Ich- 
thyosaurus and Plesiosaurus, are entirely peculiar to the 
secondary period. Claw, Zoology (trans.), p. 177. 
Halosauridae (hal-6-sa'ri-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Halosam-us + -idm.] A family of teleocepha- 
lous fishes having the body entirely covered by 
cycloid scales, the margin of the upper jaw 
formed by the intermaxillaries mesially and by 
the maxillaries laterally, the opercular appara- 
tus incomplete, the gill-openings wide, and the 
ovaries closed. They are of an elongated form, with a 
tapering pointed tail, no caudal fin, no adipose fin, a small 
short dorsal fin, a very long anal fin, and a scaly head with- 
out barbels. 
Halosaurus (hal-o-sa'rus), n. [NL., < Gr. dAf, 
the sea, + aaiipof, a lizard.] The typical genus 
Halosaurus macrofhir. 
of Halosauridoj. H. macrochir is a deep-sea 
Atlantic species about 2 feet long. Johnson, 
1863. 
haloscope (hal'o-skop), n. [< Gr. aXug, a halo, 
+ nKimelv, view.] An instrument invented by 
M. Beauvais which exhibits the phenomena con- 
nected with halos, parhelia, and the like. 
halotrichite (ha-lot'ri-kit), n. [< Gr. dAf, salt, 
+ Bpli- (Tpix-), hair, + -ite 2 .] 1. An iron alum 
found in silky fibrous aggregations. 2. Same 
as alunogen. 
haloxylin (ha-lok'si-lin), n. [< Gr. d?^, salt, 
+ ft/Aov, wood, -I- -in 2 .] A mixture of yellow 
prussiate of potassa, niter, and charcoal, xised 
as an explosive. 
halpt, halpet. Obsolete preterits of help. 
halpacet, See hautepace. 
halse 1 ! (hals), u. [Also dial. (So.) hawse; < 
ME. hals, < AS. heals = OS. hals = OFries. halx 
= D. hals = OHG. MHG. G. hals = Icel. hals = 
Sw. Dan. hals = Goth, hals, the neck, = L. col- 
Imn (orig. *colswm), the neck (> ult. E. collar, 
accoll, accolade, etc.); perhaps ult. connected 
with L. celsus, p. a., high, prominent, excellere, 
be eminent, etc.: see excel, culm' 2 ; halm, etc. 
Cf. liaise 1 *.] The neck; the throat. 
Thy litel children hanging by the halit. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Man of Law's Tale, 1. 73. 
Scho bare a home abowte hir halse ; 
And vnder hir belte full many a flone. 
Thomas of Ersseldoune (Child's Ballads, I. 99). 
Hyt stekyth in my hals, I may not gete hyt done. 
Le. Bone Florence, L 1474. 
halse 1 ! (hals), v. t. [Early mod. E. also haulse. 
dial. (Sc.) hawse, hose; < ME. halsen, also halch- 
en (of. E. dial, halsh), < AS. "halsian, *healsiav 
(not found) (=OS. helsjan = OHG. halson, MHG. 
G. halsen = Icel. hdlsa), embrace, < heals, the 
neck: see halse 1 , n. Partly confused with 
halse 3 , q. v.] To fall upon the neck of; em- 
brace. 
Thekynge. . . ran hym a-gein with armes spred a-brode, 
and hym haltted and seide he was the man in all the worlde 
that was moste to hym welcome. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), I. 74. 
Instead of strokes, each other kissed glad, 
And lovely haulst, from feare of treason free. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. iii. 49. 
While thee, my derling childe, myne onely ioye, my part- 
ing Mis, 
ing 
Thus hauls-ing here I hold, er tidings myne eares may 
wound. Phaer, JEnelA, viii. 
halse 2 t (hals), n. [Now usually written hawse ; 
a particular use of halse 1 , the neck, but in this 
use of Scand. origin ; < Icel. hals, the neck, part 
of the forecastle or bow of a ship or boat, the 
front sheet of a sail, the tack of a sail, the end 
of a rope, etc., = Sw. Dan. hals, the neck, tack, 
etc. : see halse 1 , and cf . halst* and halser, haw- 
ser.'] An obsolete form of hawse 1 . 
halse 3 t (hals), v. t. [In another form Tiailse, of 
Scand. origin (see hailse) ; < ME. halsen, haJ- 
sien, beseech, adjure, < AS. halsian, beseech, 
