harbor 
etymological justification. Early mod. E. har- 
bor, harbour, herbour, etc., < ME. harbor, har- 
ber, harbar, harbore, herbore, herber, etc., later 
forms, abbreviated appar. by confusion with 
harbor^ = arbor 2 , of herborwe, etc., lodging, 
shelter, harbor, whence mod. E. harborough, 
etc.: see harborough.'] 1. A place of shelter ; 
a lodging ; an inn. 
Mo camen to him in to the hoost or harbore [Latin hos- 
pitium, Vulgate). Wydif, Acts xviii. 23 (Oxf.). 
That lad that thou callys lorde in lede, 
He had never harbor, house, ne halle. 
Towneley Mysteries, p. 247. 
Specifically 2f. The covert of the hart or hind. 
Hattiwell. 3. Accommodation; lodging; shel- 
ter; refuge. 
Woldez thou go myn ernde 
To the lies lorde of this hous, herber to craue? 
Sir Ga.wa.yne and the Oreen Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 811. 
For harbour at a thousand doors they knocked. 
Dryden. 
I still the renegade carest, 
And gave it harbour in my breast. 
Walsh, Loving One I never Saw. 
4. A port or haven for ships ; a sheltered re- 
cess in the coast-line of a sea, gulf, bay, or lake, 
most frequently at the mouth of a river. Har- 
bors are often formed artificially, either in whole or in 
part, by the building of moles, breakwaters, or piers, and 
sometimes by large floating masses of timber, which rise 
and fall with the tide. 
Then went foorth our Pinnesse to seeke harborow, & 
found many good harbours. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 235. 
We left behind the painted buoy 
That tosses at the harbour-mouth. 
Tennyson, The Voyage. 
5. In glass-making, a chest 6 or 7 feet long 
which holds the mixed ingredients before they 
are put into the pot for fusion. Floating harbor, 
a harbor formed by floating breakwaters. ^Harbor OI 
refuge, a harbor, often artificially constructed or pro- 
tected, to which vessels near the coast resort for safety 
from a tempest ; hence, any shelter or protection for one 
in distress or difficulty. Open harbor or roadstead, a 
harbor or roadstead which is unsheltered and exposed to 
the sea. 
harbor 1 , harbour 1 (har'bor), v. [< ME. herberen, 
later abbr. form of herberwen, herborwen, etc., 
whence mod. E. harborough; from the noun. See 
harborough, v.] I. trans. If. To provide a lodg- 
ing or lodging-place for ; lodge. 
In bedde yf then falle herberet to be, 
With felawe, maystur, or her degre, 
Thou schalt enquere be curtasye 
In what par[t] of the bedde he wylle lye. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 307. 
2. To give shelter to; protect; secure; se- 
crete : as, to harbor a thief. 
And, coasting homeward, came to Ephesus, 
Hopeless to find, yet loth to leave unsought 
Or that, or any place that harbours men. 
Shak., C. of E., i. 1. 
Methinks these woody thickets should harbour knaves. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Pilgrimage, ii. 2. 
A rueful deed thou'st done this day, 
In harboring banished Quakers. 
Whittier, The Exiles. 
Whosoever relieves the enemy with money, victuals, or 
ammunition, or knowingly harbors or protects an enemy, 
shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court- 
martial may direct. 
Articles of War of the U. S. Army, art. 45. 
Hence 3. To entertain; cherish; indulge: 
as, to harbor malice or revenge. 
I cannot utter it. Why should I keep 
A breast to harbour thoughts I dare not speak ? 
Beau, and Fl., King and No King, iii. 3. 
4f. To trace home, as a deer to its covert ; earth. 
I have in this short time made a great progress 
Towards your redress ; I come from harbouring 
The villains who have done you this affront. 
Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, iii. 
= Syn. 3. Foster, etc. See cherish. 
II. intrans. 1. To lodge; dwell. [Obsolete 
or archaic.] 
To herber in that hostel, whyl halyday tested aninant. 
Sir Qawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 806. 
This night let's harbour here in York. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., Iv. 7. 
Since first he harbor'd in 
That purple-lined palace of sweet sin. 
Keats, Lamia, ii. 
2. To receive shelter or protection ; be enter- 
tained; be secreted. 
No great guilt of any kind can well be thought to har- 
bour in that breast where true Charity dwells. 
Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. ii. 
3. To find a harbor ; anchor in a harbor, as a 
ship. 
There were many commodious havens and fair baies for 
ships to harbour, and ride in with safety. 
Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 802. 
The wind was so strong as the shallop could not keep 
the water, but was forced to harbour there that night. 
Mourt's Journal, in Appendix to New England's 
[Memorial, p. 349. 
2715 
harbor 2 !, An obsolete form of arbor?, a gar- 
den, etc. 
harborage, harbourage (har'bor-iij), n. [Modi- 
fied (as if directly < harbor*, harbour 1 , + -age) 
from ME. harbergage, herberge, herbigage, < OF. 
hrrben/atje, herbegage, harbegage, etc., lodgings, 
shelter, harbor, < herbergier, etc., lodge, shel- 
ter: see harborough, harbor*, t>.] Lodging; 
shelter; dwelling; abode. 
Hyes to the harbergage thare the kyng hovys. 
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 79. (HalliweU,) 
Let us in, your king ; whose labour'd spirits, 
Forwearied in this action of swift speed, 
Crave harbourage within your city walls. 
Shak., K. John, ii. 1. 
How could a dream so vain find harbourage 
In thy fantastic brain 1 J. Haillie. 
Where can I get me harbourage for the night? 
Tennyson, Geraint. 
harbor-dues (har'bor-duz), n. pi. Certain 
charges to which a ship or its cargo is subject- 
ed for the use of a harbor, moorings, etc. 
harbored, harboured (har'bord), p. a. 1 . En- 
tertained; sheltered. 2. In her., same as 
lodged : said of a hart, buck, or the like. 
harborer, harbourer (hiir'bor-er),n. [<ME.7jer- 
bergere, herborgere, harburger, etc., < herberen, 
etc., harbor : see harbor*, .] 1. One who har- 
bors, entertains, or shelters. 
Oftentimes have I sitten at dinner and supper with him, 
in the house of that godly harbourer of many preachers 
and servants of the Lord Jesus, I mean Master Elsyng. 
Quoted in Biog. Notice of Bradford, Works (ParkepSoc., 
[1853), II. xxix. 
Geneva was famous for its religion and a great nurse of 
pious men, and harbourer of exiles for religion. 
Strype, Abp. Grindal, an. 1582. 
2f. One whose duty it was to trace a hart or 
hind to its covert. 
harbor-gasket (har'bor-gas"ket), n. Naut., 
one of a series of broad but short and well- 
blacked gaskets placed at equal distances on 
the yard of a ship, for showing off a well-furled 
sail in port. 
hard 
He hath nede of fode, of clothing, and of herberwe. 
Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 
Leave me those hilles where harbrough nis to see, 
Nor holy-bush, nor brere, nor winding witche. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., June. 
3f. In astrol., the house or mansion of a heav- 
enly body. 
Apollo, god and governour 
Of every plaunte, herbe, tree and Hour, 
That gevest after thy declinacioun 
To ech of hem his tyme and his sesoun, 
As thyn herberwe chaungeth lowe or heighe. 
Chaucer, Franklin's Tale, 1. 307. 
harborought (har'bur-6), v. [Early mod. E. also 
harborow, harborrow; < ME. herboroven, here- 
burgen, herbergen, etc., = D. herbergen = MLG. 
herbergen = OHG. heribergon, herebergon, her- 
birgon, MHO. G. herbergen = Icel. herbergja = 
ODan. herberge (cf. It. albergare = Sp. Pg. al- 
bergar = Pr. alberguar = OF. herbergier, her- 
bregier, haubergier), shelter, harbor; from the 
noun : see harborough, n. Hence, by abbrevia- 
tion, harbor*, v., the now usual form.] I. trans. 
1. To provide a lodging-place for; lodge. 
To herbourgh vs with his blissed saintes 
In heuen where and is no complaintes. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 6523. 
2. To give shelter to; entertain; protect. 
Al-so charge Charyte a churche to make 
In thyn hole herte to herberghwen alle treuthe. 
Piers Plowman (C), viii. 258. 
Thys Symon leprosus that harboro-wed our lorde and 
suche of hys Disciplis as war Cristeyned, was aftyr warde 
made Bushoppe. Torkington, Diary of Eng. Travell, p. 64. 
3. To find the harbor or refuge of; trace home, 
as a deer to its covert. 
If they wolde vse but a fewe nombre of houndes, onely 
to harborowe or rouse the game. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, L 18. 
II. intrans. To have a lodging; lodge; dwell. 
Sauyng al wey y ye marchauntis of Gascoyne and other 
alyens may dwelle and harborough together in ye said cite 
as they were wont to doo here before. 
Charter of London (Rich. II.), in Arnold's Chron., p. 26. 
f-- , ,, harboroust, harbouroust (har'bor-us), a. 
harborless, harbourless (har'bor-les), a. [< * mo T d _ E _ heroourovs \erberous; <har- 
ME. herboreles, herberles; < harbor*, harbour*, fc or i i iar&OMr i + . OMS .] Affording harbor or 
+ -tew.] 1. Destitute of shelter or lodging; Bhel [ er . hospitable, 
shelterless. 
For I was hungry, and yee gave me meate, thirsty, and 
yee gave me drinke ; naked, and yee cloathed me ; harbour- 
lesse, and ye lodged me. 
Homilies, Against Peril of Idolatry, iii. 
2. Having no harbor or haven. 
On the left hand the haven-lesse and harbourlesse coasts 
of Italic. Holland, tr. of Livy, p. 352. 
Toward the south [of Asia] he [Buckle] shows us the In- 
dian Peninsula, with its harborless coasts. 
Pop. Set. Mo., XIII. 259. 
harbor-light (har'bor-llt), n. A light or light- 
house to guide ships in entering a harbor. 
harbor-log (har'bor-log), n. Naut., that part of 
the log-book which belongs to the period during 
which a ship is in port. 
harbor-master (har'bor-mas"ter), n. An offi- 
cer who has charge of the mooring and berth- 
ing of ships, and enforces the regulations re- 
specting harbors. 
harborought (har'bur-6), n. [Early mod. E. also 
harborow, harborrow, harbrough, harbrow ; < ME. 
harbrough, herboroghe, harborowe, herberewe, har- 
borwe, herberwe, herberga, herberge, herberge, 
hereberge, etc. ; not in AS. (the form hereberga, 
often cited as AS., being in fact OHG.), but 
of LG. or Scand. origin : OFries. herberge (in 
comp.) = MD. herberge, herberghe, D. herberg = 
MLG. herberge, LG. harbarge = OHG. heriberge, 
hereberga, herberga, herebirga, MHG. herberge. 
herbiirge, herbrige, G. herberge = Icel. herbergi 
= Sw. herberge = Dan. herberg, herberge (after 
D.) (whence, from MHG., It. albergo = Sp. Pg. 
albergwe = Pr. alberc = OF. herberge, helberge, 
alberge, auberge, F. auberge), a lodging, an inn, 
orig., as in OHG. and OF., a military station, a 
camp, < OHG. heri, hart, MHG. here, G. heer = 
AS. here, etc., an army (see harry, herring, her- 
ald, heriot, etc.), + OHG. bergan, MHG.G. bergeu 
= D. bergen = AS. beorgan, etc., cover, shelter, 
protect : see bury*, borough*, burrow*. Hence, 
by abbreviation, the now usual form harbor*, 
q. v. ; also harbinger.] 1. A place of lodging, 
originally for an army; a camp; in a more gen- 
eral use, a lodging ; a shelter ; an inn. 
I saugh nought this yeer so mery a companye 
At oones in this herbergh as is now. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 765. 
The German lord, when he went out of Newgate into 
the cart* tooke order to have his armes set up in his last 
herborovgh, B. Johnson, Discoveries. 
2. Shelter; refuge; asylum. 
Whether she haue to her smal power ben herberous to 
the sainctes, lodged them and washen their fete. 
J. Udall, On 1 Tim. v. 
An other sorte promyseth their howse to be herbour- 
ouse to the household of fayth, and a great vowe do they 
make. Bp. Bate, Apology, fol. 38. 
harborowt, and v. See harborough. 
harbor-reach (har'bor-rech), n. Naut., the 
reach or stretch of a winding river which leads 
direct to a harbor. 
harborrowt, and v. See harborough. 
harbor-seal (har'bpr-sel), . The common 
seal, Phoca vitulina. 
harbor-watch (har'bor-woch), n. Naut., same 
as anchor-watch. 
harboryt, n. [< ME. herbery, herberie, in fuller 
form herbergery, herbergeri, herborgerie, harbur- 
gerye, etc., < OF. herbergerie, lodging, < herber- 
gier, lodge: see harborough, harbor*, v.~\ A 
lodging; an inn. 
War innes al bifor thaim nomen, 
Sua that there was no herberie 
To losep and his spouse Marie. 
M etr. Homilies (ed. Small), p. 63. 
Where is the herborgerie where I schal etc pask? 
Wycli/, Luke xxii. 11 (Oxf.). 
harbour 1 , n. and v. See harbor*. 
harbour 2 t, n. An obsolete form of arbor 2 . 
harbrought, harbrowt, n. See harborough. 
hard (hard), a. and n. [< ME. hard, < AS. heard, 
hard, firm, strong, brave, stubborn, harsh, se- 
vere, etc., = OS. hard = OFries. herd = D. LG. 
hard = OHG. hart, harti, and herti, MHG. hart 
and herte, G. hart = Icel. hardhr = Sw. hard 
= Dan. hoard = Goth, hardus, hard, severe, 
= Gr. xportf, strong, mighty; cf. uparof, nap- 
rof, strength, might, power, victory, Kparepof, 
Kaprep6f, strong, stout, mighty, Kparelv, have 
power, rule (see aristocracy, democracy, etc., 
aristocrat, democrat, etc.), = Skt. Tcratu, 
strength, power ; prob. < ^ kar, do, the earliest 
use in Teut. and Gr. having reference to bod- 
ily strength. Hence (through F.) hardy* and 
(through Scand.) harsh.] I. a. 1 . Solid and firm 
to the touch ; firm in substance and texture, so 
as notto be readily altered in shape, penetrated, 
or divided ; so constituted as to resist compress- 
ing, penetrating, dividing, or abrading action: 
opposed to soft. 
The deuel dragouns hide 
Was hard so ani flint. 
Sir Tristrem, ii. 30. 
