hardhead 
2718 
guests of dyvers factions, someoutlaws of hardily 1 !, adv. A variant of liardly. Chaucer. 
tor aifsome eSri^SSSdSlSSi^' hardilyS (har'di-li), adv. [< ME. hardily, hardi- 
.ui uie, some 10 DUCKB ana narwmae. j^^t,^ . s i. 7.. _j_ T..O n i T_ _ \ j_ .! 
I found many guests of d; 
England, some < " 
at cards, some fi 
Letter da. 
3. The menha- 
den, Brevoortia 
tyrannus. See 
cut under Bre- 
voortia. [New 
Eng.] 4. The 
California gray 
whale, Khachia- 
nectesglaucus: so 
called by whalers 
because it has a 
habit of butting 
boats. 5. The gray gurnard. Trivia gurnar- . 
dus.-Q. The ruddy duck, ErlsmaturaruUda, ** ( 
nn. 12, 1570. (If am.) hche ;< hardy + -1y2.] I . In a hardy manner ; 
boldly; with hardiness ; with confidence. 
At the first the Gaules and Spanyards, equal! to their 
enemies both In force and courage, malnteined the con- 
flict right hardily, and kept their order and arraies. 
Holland, it. of Livy, p. 461. 
My lords, I assert, confidently and hardily I make the 
assertion, and I challenge confutation. 
Bp. Hartley, Speech, July, 1799. 
2f. Surely; certainly; of course; indeed. 
A wyf Is Goddes gif te verraily ; 
Alle othere nianere giftes hardily, 
As londes, rentes, pasture or coniune, 
Or moebles, alle been giftes of Fortune. 
Chaucer, Merchant's Tale, 1. 68. 
[Cf . Ar. hurdaun, the Li- 
Hardhead of lames VI., British Museum. 
(Size of the original.) 
more fully called hard-headed dipper. Also Aard- 
1lzard -] A common agamoid lizard, Stel- 
""j v.v**w mpi i* njin it MVBJWW . jrviov7 rtu-r (4^ - i .. ,. 11- ,1 ! 
tack, toughhead. [Atlantic coast, U.S.] 7. A :J^"" S> of countries^ bordejing the Med- 
kind of commercial sponge, Spongia dura. A. 
Hyatt. 8. The knapweed, Centaurea nigra: so 
called from its resemblance to the loggerhead. 
lterr anean. Also spelled haardtm. 
*TS!*'7 i * "" "J* a n,Ue green color shaded with 
, . and below a pale yellow. Start. Nat. Srt., IlL 414. 
a ball of iron on a long handle. See knapweed, hardiment (har'di-ment), n. [< ME. hardiment, 
9. An alloy of iron, tin, and arsenic remain- < -F - ltardi " wnt > < *h hardy: see hardy*.] 
*" i^A* oni^j" \jt. uvii, 1111, uuu niaciiiu icmaui- ^ ^r jf ' J 
ing on the bottom, after liquation, in the pro- * Courage; daring; hardihood. [Obsolete or 
cess of refining tin in the reverberatory fur- archaic.] 
nace. It is nearly identical in composition with *rt w ln Tro >' e and.hast non hardimente 
the dross removed from the surface during the 
operation. 10. Alarge, smooth, rounded stone 
found especially in coarse gravel. 
hard-headed (hard'hed"ed), a. [< hard + head 
+ -ed%. Cf. D. hardhoofdig, stupid, hardhoofd, a 
dolt, blockhead. ] Shre wd ; intelligent or clear- 
m; not easily deceived or hum- 
headed and firm; 
bugged: as, a hard-headed politician. 
Mrs. D. is, in Mrs. Thrale s phrase, a sensible hard-head- 
ed woman. Mine. d'Arblay, Dtary, I. 281. 
To take a woman which that loveth thee? 
Chaucer, Troilus, Iv. 533. 
But, full of fire and greedy hardiment, 
The youthfull Knight could not for ought be staide. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. i. 14. 
Vanguard of Liberty, ye men of Kent, . . . 
Now is the time to prove your hardiment ! 
Wordsworth, To the Men of Kent, October, 180a 
2f. A bold exploit. 
Like hardiment Posthnmns hath 
To Cymbellne perfonn'd. 
S'Ao*-., Cymbeline, v. 4. 
Bard-headed physicists, however, regard such instru. . .. 
ments [Lippman's electrometers] with considerable doubt hardiness (har'di-nes), n. [< ME. hardynesse; 
when quantitative measurements are to be made. 
Science, in. 280. 
Hard-headed dipper. Same as hardhead, 6. 
hard-hearted (hard'har"ted), a. [Early mod. 
E. also hardharted, hardherted; < ME. herdi- 
heorted, luerdiheorted (= Dan. haardhjertet = 8 w. 
hdrdhjertad), with -ed?, < AS. heardheort (= G. 
hartherz-ig),< heard, hard, + heorte, heart.] Un- 
feeling; cruel; pitiless; inhuman; inexorable. 
But exhorte one an other daylye, whyle it is called to 
daye, least any of you waxe hard-herted thorow the deceit- 
fulnesse of synne. Bible of 1551, Heb. ill. 13. 
She to Intrigues was even hard-hearted. 
Prior, Paulo Purganti. 
=Syn. See list under cruel. 
hard-heartedly (hard'har'ted-li), adv. In a 
hard-hearted manner. Imp. Diet. 
hard-heartedness (hard'har*ted-nes),w. The 
character of being hard-hearted ; want of feel- 
ing or tenderness ; cruelty ; inhumanity. 
hardiesset, n. [ME., < OF. hardiesse, hardiesce, 
F. hardiesse (= Pr. ardideza = It. arditezza). 
< hardi, hardy : see hardy*.] Hardiness; bold- 
ness. 
That of knygtliode the prowesse 
Is grounded upon hardiesse 
Of him that dare wel undertake. 
Bower, Coal. Amant. , II. 87. 
hardiheadt (har'di-hed), n. Same as hardi- 
hood. 
Enflam'd with fury and flers hardy hed. 
~. Q., I. Iv. 88. 
< hardy* + -ness.'} 
physical vigor. 
1. Capability of endurance ; 
He that berethe the Diamand upon him, it ztvethe him 
hardynesse and manhode, and it kepethe the Lemes of his 
Body hole. Mandeoille, Travels, p. 159. 
2. Hardihood; audacity; effrontery, 
lete or archaic.] 
[Obso- 
Who work themselves such bitter care 
That they may live when they are dead ; 
Her mother's stern cold hardihead 
Shall make this sweet but dead-alive. 
By the Imprudent and foolish hardinei of that French 
Earle the Frenchmen were discomfited. 
Halcluyt's Voyages, II. 35. 
It is wholly to this dreadful practice [flogging at schools] 
that we may attribute a certain hardiness and ferocity 
which some men, though liberally educated, carry about 
them In all their behaviour. Steele, Spectator, No. 157. 
Criminal as you are, you avenge yourself against the 
hardiness of one that should tell yon of it. Spectator. 
3f. Hardness. 
Ac to be conquerour called that cometh of special grace, 
And of hardynesse of herte and of hendenesse [gentleness] 
bothe. Piers Plowman (B), xix. 31. 
4f. Hardship; suffering. 
They hold an opinion that oxen will abide and suffer 
much more labour, pain, and hardiness than horses will. 
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Bobinson), ii. 1. 
They are valiant and hardy ; great endurers of cold, hun- 
ger, and all hardiness. Spenser, State of Ireland. 
hardingt, . [< ME. hardyng; verbal n. of hard, 
f.] Hardening. 
They speeken of sondry hardyng of metal. 
Chaucer, Squire's Tale, L 235. 
hardlaiket, . [ME., < Icel. hardhleikr, hard- 
ness, < hardhr = E. han' 
ship; harshness; wrong. 
With hardlayke & harme, that happyn shall after, 
Ye dowtles mun degh for dedes of tho two. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3476. 
188 - bardlet, n. An obsolete form of hurdle. 
, n, [< hardy^ + -hood, hardly (hard'li), adv. [< ME. hardely, hardliche, 
hardigheid, hardness, callosity, G. hartig- hardeliche, herdeliche, < AS. henrdlice (= OS. 
hardness (m a moral sense) . ] 1 . Unyield- hardliko = G. Mrttich = Icel. hardhliga, hardhla 
mg boldness; firmness in doing something that = ODan. haardelig), hardly, hard, sorely, se- 
exposes to difficulty, danger, or contumely; in- verely, < heard, hard: see hard, a.] 1 Not 
trepidity; also, and commonly, too great bold- softly or tenderly; roughly; severely; unfa- 
: looliah riflTincr! nffnnanro MU^IIV, ,,,.,. vorably inimicatly 
Sarai dealt hardly with her. Gen. xvt 8. 
The griev'd commons 
Hardly conceive of me. 
5Ao*., Hen. VIII., L 2. 
We house i' the rock, yet use thee not so hardly 
As prouder livers do. Shak., Cymbellne, ill 3. 
Heaven was her canopy ; bare earth her bed ; 
So hardly lodged. Drydcn. 
2. By hard work ; with difficulty. 
There is no sin which God doth so seldom, nor so hardly 
forgive, as this sin of falling away from the truth. 
Latimer, 2d Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1550. 
Believe me, she is constant ; not the sands 
Can be so hardly number'd as she won. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 
There Is a keen relish about small pleasures hardly 
t 
Cf. 
, , 
ness; loolish daring; offensive assurance. 
It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to 
Iniquity. Buckminxter. 
It is a proof of audacity to venture to an entertainment 
uninvited, and of hardihood to endure with apparent un- 
consciousness the astonished looks of the host and hostess. 
C. J. Smith, Synonymes, p. 115. 
2. Physical power of endurance; toughness. 
[Rare.] 
The pilgrims had the preparation of an armed mind, 
better than any hardihood of body. 
Emerson, Hist. Discourse at Concord. 
= Sra. Courage, resolution, pluck, stoutness, fortitude ; 
audacity, effrontery, assurance, impudence. The unfavor- 
able meanings of hardihood seem to be prevailing over the 
good ones, so that there is a tendency to look to other 
words for the expression of courage and endurance The 
issue of this tendency is not yet decided ; it is less marked 
in the case of hardy. 
earned. 
J. H. Swing, Madam Liberality. 
hardness 
3. Not quite or completely ; only approximate- 
ly; scarcely: as, it is hardly strong enough; 
that is hardly true. 
You may be louder yet ; a culverin 
Discharged in his ear would hardly bore it. 
B. Jonson, Volpone, 1. 1. 
However wise, ye hardly know me yet 
Tennyson, Merlin and VivUn. 
4. Barely; narrowly; almost not at all: as, 
hardly any; hardly ever. 
The Earl of Gloucester in a Sickness suddenly lost his 
Hair, his Teeth, his Nails, and his Brother hardly escaped 
Death. Baker, Chronicles, p. 88. 
Hardly any faculty is more important for the intellec- 
tual progress of man than the power of Attention. 
Darwin, Descent of Man, I. 43. 
The country was then Impoverished, intercourse with 
Great Britain was interrupted, school-books were scarce 
and hardly attainable, and there was no certain prospect 
of peace. N. Webster, In Scudder, p. 33. 
5. Not probably; with little likelihood: as, he 
will hardly come to-day. 
Hardly shall you find any one so bad but he desires the 
credit of being thought good. South, Sermons. 
There was that across his throat 
Which you had hardly cared to see. 
Tennyson, Lady Clara Vere de Vere. 
hard-metal (hard'met'al), n. An alloy of about 
two parts of copper with one of tin, prepared in 
the process of making gun-metal. To this alloy 
the proper addition of copper is afterward made, the ob- 
ject oeing to secure a more thorough mixture of the two 
metals than would be possible if they were melted together 
in the proper proportions without this preliminary opera- 
tion. 
hardmouth (hard'mouth), n. A cyprinoid fish, 
Acrochilus alutaceits, distinguished by the in- 
casement of the jaws in a well-defined broad 
horny plate having a straight edge. It reaches a 
length of about a foot, and represents in the United States 
the Chondnmtomintf of Europe. [Columbia river, U. 8.J 
hard-mouthed (hard'moutht), a. Having a 
hard mouth; not sensitive to or easily con- 
trolled by the bit: as, a hard-mouthed horse. 
I is time my hard-mouth'd coursers to contronl, 
Apt to run riot, and transgress the goal. Dryden. 
I myself, the author of these momentous truths, am a 
person whose imaginations are hard-mouthed, and exceed- 
ingly disposed to run away with his reason. 
Sw\ft, Tale of a Tub, ix. 
hardness (hard'nes), . [< ME. hardnesse, herd- 
nesse, < AS. heardnes (= OHG. hartnissa), < 
heard, hard: sea hard, a.] 1. The state or qual- 
ity of being hard, in any of the senses of that 
word; solidity; density; difficulty of compre- 
hension, accomplishment, control, or endur- 
ance; obduracy; harshness; severity; inclem- 
ency; adversity; roughness; uncomeliness ; 
want of sensibility. 
If one, by qnlcknes of witte, take his lesson readelie, an 
other, by hardnet of witte, taketh it not so speedelie. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 32. 
And eke that age despysed nicenesse vaine, 
Enur'd to hardnesse and to homely fare. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. vill. 27. 
Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of 
Jesus Christ. 2 Tim. U. 3. 
I do confess my hardness broke his heart. 
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Burning Pestle, v. S. 
But the Labourers are few, and their haruest nothing 
so plentiful] as in other places, which they impute to the 
liardnem of learning the Chinian language. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 449. 
By their virtuous behaviour they compensate the hard- 
ness of their favour. Ray. 
With respect to hardness, we know nothing of it by 
sense farther than that the parts of hard bodies resist the 
motion of our hands on coming into contact with them. 
Descartes, Prin. of Philos. (tr. by Veitch), it 4. 
Specifically 2. That quality in fountain-wa- 
ter which is imparted by the presence in excess 
of earthy salts, especially calcium sulphate. 
It is possible to improve . . . hard water ... by sim- 
ply adding lime-water to water the hardness of which is 
to be corrected. Huxley, Physiography, p. 119. 
The hardness shown by unboiled water is called total 
hardness. Thawing, Beer (trans.), p. 135. 
3. In med., that quality of the pulse which is 
due to tension of the artery, which in this con- 
dition does not readily yield to the pressure of 
the finger. 
Hardness of the pulse is usually said to be an Indica- 
tion for bleeding, . . . but it is necessary to discriminate 
carefully between the hardness due to tension of the sound 
artery . . . and that due to arterial degeneration with 
more or less hard deposit in the walls of the vessels. 
Quain, Med. Diet. 
4. In art and music, harshness or coldness of 
execution; unsympathetic treatment, as of a 
tone or the details of a picture ; want of feel- 
ing in performance. 5. In mineral., the com- 
parative capacity of a substance to scratch 
another or be scratched by another ; the qual- 
